NCFE Review. 1. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance. What did this legislation provide?

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1 NFE Review Name: ate: 1. Under the rticles of onfederation, ongress passed the Northwest Ordinance. 3. What did this legislation provide?. a plan for slavery in new settlements. a plan for voting rights for all men in new states. a plan for the exploration of Washington and Oregon. a plan for the orderly settlement of new territory Which area on the map above was admitted as a state as a result of the ompromise of 1850? The Northwest Ordinance was passed by the United States ongress in What did the Northwest Ordinance make possible?. the creation of several new states. the discovery of gold in the Yukon Territory. the establishment of public hospitals. the purchase of the Oregon and Washington territories page 1

2 4. The excerpt below is from ndrew Jackson s second annual message to ongress in What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic, studded with cities, towns, and prosperous farms, embellished with all the improvements which art can devise or industry execute, occupied by more than 12,000,000 happy people, and filled with all the blessings for liberty...? ndrew Jackson, second annual message to ongress (ecember 6, 1830) 6. Read the quotation below. The... speedy removal [of the Indians]... will place a dense and civilized population in large tracts of country now occupied by a few savage hunters.... What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic, studded with cities, towns, and prosperous farms... occupied by more than 12,000,000 happy people, and filled with all the blessings of liberty, civilization, and religion? President ndrew Jackson, 1830 Which of these statements reflects ndrew Jackson s attitude about merican Indians and their lands? In this excerpt, which of the following arguments was President Jackson making to justify removing merican Indians from lands they had occupied for centuries?. merican Indians were destroying the environment.. merican Indians were preventing the spread of civilization.. merican Indians were not respecting the Missouri ompromise.. He believed that merican Indians could not take care of themselves.. He thought that merican Indians might adapt to life on farms and in cities.. He believed that white settlers could make better use of the land than merican Indians.. He thought that merican Indians would be happier when they were removed to new lands.. merican Indians were not obeying the United States onstitution. 7. Why did replacing canals with railroads encourage growth in the United States during the late 1800s? 5. Which of the following was a result of Manifest estiny?. United States went to war with Mexico.. Slaves were emancipated, set free.. Population of the Northern states increased.. United States went to war with Great ritain.. Fewer people were afraid to travel by rail than by boat.. Railroads speed helped transport goods and people quickly.. anals did not function during the winter and were of limited use.. Railroad companies offered settlers free transportation to the West. page 2 NFE Review

3 8. In 1840, less than 5,000 miles of railroad existed in the United States. y 1860, there were 30,000 miles of railroad in the United States. 9. How did the growth of the railroads affect the geographic expansion of the United States?. The railroads allowed people and goods to move westward more easily.. The railroads allowed more people to come to the east coast to work in factories.. The railroads allowed explorers to go west of the Mississippi River for the first time.. The railroads allowed mericans easier access to the lands of anada and Mexico. The cartoon above, depicting President ndrew Jackson, was published in The cartoon reflects the opinion that President Jackson was. not qualified to be president.. unable to make important decisions.. abusing the power of the presidency.. overly influenced by European political ideas. page 3 NFE Review

4 10. What artistic trend reflected a growing sense of nationalism in the 1820s and 1830s? 13. Why did Thomas Jefferson oppose lexander Hamilton s plan to establish the National ank?. U.S. painters offered affordable portraits and U.S. landscapes to the public.. U.S. authors wrote novels that glorified sophisticated ritish society.. Harriet eecher Stowe s Uncle Tom s abin became one of the best-selling novels of the nineteenth century.. urrier and Ives designed and sold greeting cards featuring unique seascapes.. Jefferson believed that establishing the National ank unfairly benefited western land speculators.. Jefferson worried that establishing the National ank would be expensive and would delay congressional funding to purchase the Louisiana Territory.. Jefferson feared that establishing the National ank made it easier for local banks to foreclose on small farms.. Jefferson felt that establishing the National ank was an unconstitutional act that unnecessarily strengthened federal power. 11. In the United States prior to 1820, which was the primary conflict between white settlers and merican Indians?. conversion to atholicism. use of land. navigation of the Mississippi River. protection of animals 14. How did the War of 1812 affect the United States domestically?. It created a greater dependence on foreign exports. 12. What was the main foreign policy problem for the United States immediately before the War of 1812?. violations of the neutrality of merican ships. refusal of France to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States. It weakened citizens respect for merican naval forces.. It increased manufacturing and economic independence.. It decreased the threat from merican Indians west of the Mississippi River.. closing of the port of New Orleans by the Spanish. attempts by the ritish to invade the United States from anada page 4 NFE Review

5 15. Why did President Polk ask for a declaration of war against Mexico in 1846?. Mexico made an alliance with Germany with a promise of returning Texas to Mexico.. Rebel forces in Mexico took the U.S. Secretary of State hostage.. The Mexican dictator overthrew the democratic government established in the 1830s.. Mexican troops killed sixteen merican soldiers in the Texas border dispute. 17. My reason teaches me that land cannot be sold. The Great Spirit gave it to his children to live upon. So long as they occupy and cultivate it, they have a right to the soil. Nothing can be sold but such things as can be carried away. lack Hawk, 1882 What is this you call property? It cannot be the earth, for the land is our mother, nourishing all her children, beasts, birds, fish, and all men. The woods, the streams, everything on it belongs to everybody and is for the use of all. How can one man say it belongs only to him? Massasoit Ousamequin, 1620s ccording to the quotes by lack Hawk and Massasoit Ousamequin, which was the major source of conflict between merican Indians and U.S. citizens during the early 1800s?. cultivation of soil 16. s a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved,... the merican continents,... by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.. protection of children. ownership of land. navigation of streams President James Monroe s annual message to ongress, 1823 How did President Monroe s message influence U.S. foreign policy?. It changed from isolationism and neutrality to imperialism.. It declared free market economies for the merican continents.. It increased colonization by the United States on the European continent.. It warned European nations not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. page 5 NFE Review

6 18. nd, for extending the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty, which form the basis whereon these republicans, their laws and constitutions are erected; to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all laws, constitutions, and governments, which forever hereafter shall be formed in the said territory: to provide also for the establishment of States, and permanent government therein, and for their admission to a share in the federal council on an equal footing with the original States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the general interest. Sec. 13 of the Northwest Ordinance, 1787 How did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 influence settlement patterns?. It established a plan for surveying land west of the ppalachians.. It provided a procedure for admitting new states into the Union.. It settled the conflict over colonial land claims to the west.. It established reservations for merican Indians who lived on public lands. 19. The powers delegated by the proposed onstitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite. The former will be exercised principally on external objects, as war, peace, negotiation, and foreign commerce; with which last the power of taxation will, for the most part, be connected. James Madison, Federalist Papers No. 45 If your... [President] be a man of ambition and abilities, how easy is it for him to render himself absolute: The army is in his hands, and if he be a man of address, it will be attached to him; and it will be the subject of long mediation with him to seize the first auspicious moment to accomplish his design. Patrick Henry, nti-federalist Which statement exemplifies the nti-federalists point of view?. The onstitution divided power equally among the branches of government.. The onstitution gave too much power to the executive branch.. The onstitution needed to increase the power of the legislative branch.. The onstitution guaranteed the protection of individual rights. page 6 NFE Review

7 20. In the settlement of merica we have to observe how European life entered the continent, and how [the merican frontier] modified and developed that life... The frontier is the line of most rapid and effective mericanization. The wilderness masters the colonist. It finds him a European in dress, industries, tools, modes of travel, and thought... It strips off the garments of civilization and arrays him in the hunting shirt and the moccasin... He must accept the conditions which it furnishes, or perish... Little by little he transforms the wilderness, but the outcome is not the old Europe... The fact is, that here is a new product that is merican... Thus the advance of the frontier has meant a steady movement away from the influence of Europe, a steady growth of independence on merican lines. nd to study this advance, the men who grew up under these conditions, and the political, economic, and social results of it, is to study the really merican part of our history. Frederick Jackson Turner Extend Mr. Turner s essay by describing at least three merican traits that the frontier encouraged. Provide an example from the essay to support each trait. 21. In a response letter to John Holmes in pril 1820 concerning the Missouri question, Thomas Jefferson wrote: This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the [death] knell of the Union... but this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper... the cession of that kind of property... would not cost me in a second thought, if... a general emancipation... could be effected... but, as it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other. Take a position on whether Jefferson believed that the Missouri ompromise was an effective resolution to the issue of territorial expansion. State your position and use one detail from the above letter as evidence to explain that position. 22. Why did many Mormons migrate to the western United States?. to pursue gold mining. to avoid the slavery conflict. to take advantage of cheap farmland. to escape religious persecution page 7 NFE Review

8 23. What impact did the attle of New Orleans have on the United States in 1815?. It weakened the strength of the U.S. military.. It resolved the issue of ritish impressment of U.S. ships.. It caused the United States to lose access to the Gulf port.. It boosted a sense of patriotism and unity among U.S. citizens. 26. In 1848, when European powers threatened to become involved in a domestic dispute in Mexico, President James Polk warned them not to interfere. On which of the following documents did he base his warning?. the Embargo ct. the Monroe octrine. the dams-onis Treaty. the eclaration of Independence 24. uring Thomas Jefferson s presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?. the Judiciary ct of the Embargo ct of the Louisiana Purchase. the Lewis and lark Expedition 25. What is the significance of Pinckney s Treaty (1795) with Spain?. It gave the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi.. It gave the United States most-favored nation status.. It allowed Lewis and lark to explore the Louisiana Territory.. It moved the Shawnee to the Indiana Territory. 27. The excerpt below is from a treaty signed in 1846 between the United States and Great ritain. From the point on the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing treaties and conventions between the United States and Great ritain terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of the United States and those of her ritannic Majesty shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver s Island... Treaty with Great ritain (1846) The terms of this treaty resolved a dispute between the United States and Great ritain over which of the following territories?. the Oregon Territory. the rizona Territory. the Nebraska Territory. the Louisiana Territory page 8 NFE Review

9 28. The settlement of the western plains of the United States in the late 1800s was encouraged by the provisions of the. Volstead ct.. Federal Housing ct.. gricultural djustment ct.. Homestead ct. 31. Texas has been absorbed into the Union in the inevitable fulfillment of the general law which is rolling our population westward. emocratic Review, 1845 The quotation above describes the nineteenth-century merican belief in. the Social ontract.. Manifest estiny.. isolationism.. the Monroe octrine. 29. In the mid-1800s, mericans who believed in the idea of Manifest estiny thought that. it was important to maintain good relations with U.S. neighbors.. no new territories should be added to the country.. the Oregon territory should be equally divided between ritain and the United States.. the United States should expand its territory from the tlantic to the Pacific. 32. What agricultural invention, designed to increase production, had the effect of increasing the number of slaves needed for labor in the eep South?. the wheat reaper. the cotton gin. the steel plow. the rice mill 30. States rights played a major role in all of the following except the 33. The growing importance of cotton to the South created an economy and a society dominated by. Kentucky and Virginia Resolves.. Missouri ompromise.. Nullifi cation risis.. Monroe octrine.. managers and professional people.. small independent farmers.. large landowners.. industrial leaders. page 9 NFE Review

10 34. Prior to the ivil War, which group had the most political power in the South?. plantation owners. cattle ranchers. urban merchants. religious offi cials 37. braham Lincoln s Gettysburg ddress is similar to the eclaration of Independence in that both documents. include descriptions of laws which should be passed.. emphasize the need for effective government.. support the ideals of self-government and human rights.. justify the need for economic change. 35. The main goal of abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison was to. allow all women the right to vote.. establish tax-supported schools.. stop individuals from drinking alcoholic beverages.. end slavery immediately. 38. What was the first major goal of President braham Lincoln s administration?. to destroy the institution of slavery. to maintain the unity of the country. to expand the power of state governments. to industrialize the economy 36. What led the newspapers to speak of leeding Kansas in 1856?. fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces. attacks on job-seeking Irish immigrants. conflict between cattle ranchers and farmers. reaction to the U.S. Supreme ourt ruling against red Scott 39. Which crop was the biggest cash crop in the merican South during the 1800s?. cotton. rice. corn. wheat page 10 NFE Review

11 40. ll of the following were issues or events that led to the outbreak of the ivil War except the 42. The excerpt below is from Frederick ouglass s Independence ay speech in Missouri ompromise.. red Scott decision.. Monroe octrine.. attack on Harpers Ferry. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity and independence, bequeathed by your fathers is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. Frederick ouglass, Independence ay speech (1852) In this speech, Frederick ouglass was speaking on behalf of which group? 41. Use the graph below to answer the following question.. exiled merican Indians. deported merican Jews. oppressed Irish mericans. enslaved frican mericans ccording to the graph, which statement is true?. The Missouri ompromise kept the number of free states and slave states in balance.. The Missouri ompromise kept the total number of states in the Union the same.. The Missouri ompromise increased the number of free states but did not change the number of slave states.. The Missouri ompromise increased the number of slave states but did not change the number of free states. 43. The attle of Gettysburg was an important event in the ivil War mainly for which of the following reasons?. Great ritain refused to support the onfederacy after the Union victory.. The Union victory was the first time the North used frican merican soldiers in combat.. The onfederacy never attempted another major invasion of the North after the Union victory.. ongress immediately ratified the Thirteenth mendment upon hearing of the Union victory. page 11 NFE Review

12 44. Which of the following issues was central to the Nullification risis of ? 47. Which part of the ompromise of 1850 received the greatest support from southern farmers?. due process. laissez faire. states rights. women s rights. the admission of alifornia as a free state. the passage of a strict fugitive slave law. the end of the slave trade in Washington,... the allowance of popular sovereignty in new territories 45. How did the cotton gin affect the Southern economy from 1800 to 1860?. It encouraged industrialization in the South.. It promoted economic equality in the South.. It strengthened Southerners reliance on slavery.. It increased Southerners use of indentured servants. 48. Why can the Emancipation Proclamation be seen as a diplomatic document?. It made it hard for foreign nations to recognize and support the onfederacy.. It warned European nations to stay out of affairs in the Western Hemisphere.. It called on England and France to sell weapons to the Union army.. It encouraged France to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States. 46. The attle of Vicksburg was significant because it. marked the end of onfederate invasions into Union territory.. destroyed the South s greatest city, devastating onfederate morale.. gave the Union control of the Mississippi and split the onfederacy in two.. created a moment appropriate for President Lincoln to proclaim Emancipation. 49. Which action abolished slavery in the United States?. suspension of habeas corpus. passage of the Thirteenth mendment. passage of the ivil Rights ct of delivery of the Gettysburg ddress page 12 NFE Review

13 50. Which statement best explains the increase in sectionalism between 1820 and 1850? 53. What was the effect of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska ct?. Westward expansion created a heated debate over the nation s policy concerning merican Indians.. Westward expansion caused a recurring debate over the expansion of slavery into the new territories.. Westward expansion during the period occurred faster across the northern plains than the southern river deltas.. Westward expansion created a need for government spending to improve transportation.. The concept of popular sovereignty led to armed conflict between slave owners and abolitionists.. Slaveholders gained the right to establish slavery in those territories.. The extension of slavery into the new territories was prohibited.. Residents of Kansas and Nebraska were prohibited from considering the issue of slavery until the territories became states. 51. How did the transcendental movement influence U.S. society during the mid to late 1800s?. Transcendentalists emphasized the need to get material wealth.. Transcendentalists encouraged the spread of slavery.. Transcendentalists created neoclassical style architecture.. Transcendentalists wrote about the idea of self-reliance. 54. emocracy in merica While society in the United States gives the example of the most extended liberty, the prisons of the same country offer the spectacle of the most complete [dictatorship]. eaumont and. de Tocqueville 1831 Which nineteenth-century reformer most likely agreed with de Tocqueville?. ngelina Grimke. harles Finney 52. In the period, which section of the United States most opposed a protective tariff?. orothea ix. William Lloyd Garrison. West. Northeast. South. Northwest page 13 NFE Review

14 55. That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. braham Lincoln, Proclamation, January 1, 1863 Why is the issuance of Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation a turning point in merican history? Use one statement from the text as evidence to support your answer. 57. How can the Union be saved? To this I answer... by adopting such measures as will satisfy the States belonging to the Southern section that they can remain in the Union consistently with their honor and their safety.... The South asks for justice, simple justice... She has no compromise to offer but the onstitution... If you are unwilling we should part in peace, tell us so. John. alhoun, The lay ompromise Measures. March 4, 1850 I wish to speak to-day, not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an merican... we live in the midst of strong agitations... the North, and the stormy South combine to throw the whole sea into commotion... I speak to-day for the preservation of the Union.... Peaceable secession! Sir, your eyes and mine are never destined to see that miracle. aniel Webster, The onstitution and the Union Speech. March 7, 1850 The ompromise of 1850 attempted to calm sectional tensions that resulted when the United States acquired new territory after the Mexican War. How did alhoun and Webster react to the possibility of a compromise? 56. omparing the North and South North South Tariffs supported protective tariffs opposed protective tariffs National ank favored a strong national bank opposed a national bank Explain how the two economic factors in the chart above contributed to sectional tension between the North and South in the decades before the ivil War. Use each factor to construct your explanation.. alhoun argued that the compromise failed to address the interests of Southern states, while Webster insisted that in the face of violent secession only compromise could save the union.. alhoun argued that slavery s expansion into newly acquired territories would lead to violent secession, while Webster insisted that secession was not possible.. alhoun argued that Southern justice was possible with the compromise, while Webster believed such justice was impossible with the compromise.. alhoun argued that he supported the compromise as a Southerner, while Webster did not support the compromise as an merican. page 14 NFE Review

15 58. That the onstitution, and all laws of the United States which are not locally inapplicable, shall have the same force and effect within the said Territory of Kansas as elsewhere within the United States, except the [Missouri ompromise], which... is hereby declared inoperative and void; it being the true intent and meaning of this act not to legislate slavery into any Territory or State, nor to exclude it... but to leave the people perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in their own way, subject only to the onstitution of the United States. Section 32 from the Kansas-Nebraska ct, 1854 ccording to the excerpt, how did the Kansas-Nebraska ct address the issue of slavery?. It declared slavery legal in every state west of the Mississippi River.. It made slavery an issue to be decided by residents of the states.. It gave ongress the power to regulate slavery in the states.. It provided no guidance on the issue of slavery in the states. 60. Provided that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Why would Southern planters oppose the Wilmot Proviso?. It would prevent plantation owners from moving slaves to land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.. It would legalize slavery everywhere except in the Mexican ession Territory.. It would abolish slavery in territory acquired during the Mexican War.. It would only allow slavery below the Missouri ompromise line. 59. How was braham Lincoln s victory in the 1860 presidential election a turning point in merican history?. Lincoln won the majority of electoral votes but not a majority of the popular vote.. coalition of Whigs, Know-Nothings, and emocrats ran a strong third-party candidate.. The rittenden ompromise attempted to resolve tensions aroused by the election.. Lincoln s victory prompted Southern secession and the ivil War that followed. 61. How did the outcome of the ivil War change the distribution of power and authority between the United States and the state governments?. The Southern states redefined the doctrine of states rights despite the outcome of the war.. The Southern states separated from the Union, thereby confirming their right to do so.. The Union agreed to allow nullification as a precondition to ending the war.. The Union victory reinforced the supremacy of the federal government over the states. page 15 NFE Review

16 62. How did the end of the U.S. ivil War affect merican politics?. Legislation passed that supported property rights and due process for women.. Legislation passed that established voting rights for merican Indians.. Legislation passed that provided citizenship and legal protections for freed slaves.. Legislation passed that enhanced individual states rights. 64. That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. braham Lincoln, Proclamation, January 1, 1863 How was issuing the Emancipation Proclamation a turning point in the ivil War?. It proposed a peace treaty with the onfederate states.. It established a Freedmen s ureau to help freed slaves.. It provided a plan for Reconstruction.. It freed slaves in the onfederate states. 63. How did General Sherman s March to the Sea affect Southern society and the end of the ivil War?. It destroyed the plantation system, removing social and economic support for the onfederacy.. It created a strong and active abolitionist movement among Southern women who lived on the plantations.. It caused the surrender of Southern troops but did not affect the plantation system.. It ended the war by destroying plantations, forcing many wealthy citizens to flee to England. 65. Which best describes braham Lincoln s main goal at the beginning of the ivil War?. preserving the Union. emancipating slaves. destroying the concept of states rights. punishing onfederate states page 16 NFE Review

17 66. Which topic did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, the Hartford onvention, and the Webster-Hayne debate over tariffs have in common?. preservation of the Union. states rights. individual liberties. economic policy 68. What effect did the Supreme ourt decision in the red Scott case have on slavery in the United States?. Runaway slaves had to be returned to their masters.. Slave owners could take slaves into any state or territory.. The slave trade became illegal throughout the country.. The number of free states and slaves states was divided equally. 67. efore the merican ivil War, ongress passed laws that were intended to solve problems caused by the expansion of slavery. What happened as a result of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska ct?. slave rebellion in the border states. extension of the Missouri ompromise. violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers. announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation 69. uring the 1830s, the issue of raising the tariff rates led to conflict between the Industrial North and the agrarian South. Which situation gives the best example of how a higher tariff would have negatively affected South arolinians?. when they purchased additional farm land. when they traveled to northern states. when they bought foreign-made goods. when they sold cotton to northern manufacturers page 17 NFE Review

18 70. From 1800 to the 1850s, what was the most important cause of increased tensions between northern and southern politicians? 73. The Mayflower ompact (1620) was significant in the political development of the merican colonies because it introduced the principle of. attempts by the North to increase trade with Europe. efforts by the South to make unions illegal. debate whether to outlaw the slave trade. debate about admitting new states as free or slave. self-government.. separation of powers.. freedom of expression.. federalism. 71. What did the South gain from both the ompromise of the 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska ct?. an enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law. a provision to honor the Mason-ixon line. the gradual elimination of slavery in the territories being added to the nation. the use of popular sovereignty in making decisions about slavery in the territories 74. The Mayflower ompact is important because it. made peace between the settlers and the Native merican Indians during the colonial era.. was one of the first declarations about democratic government in the New World.. guaranteed that slavery would not be allowed in New England.. proclaimed that the colonists independence from Great ritain. 72. What did the Mexican ession, leeding Kansas, and John rown s Raid have in common?. ll were examples of Manifest estiny.. ll provoked increased debate over slavery.. ll were sparked by conflict with Native mericans.. ll helped emocrats win the ensuing presidential election. 75. In the 1700s, under an economic system called mercantilism, Great ritain expected its merican colonies to provide. labor to work in ritish factories.. manufactured goods to sell in ritish cities.. citizens elected to serve in the ritish Parliament.. raw materials and markets for ritish products. page 18 NFE Review

19 76. In colonial merica, what was the main reason the southern colonies had more slaves than the northern colonies? 78. Which of these was the biggest factor in the increase in frican slaves imported to colonial merica between 1650 and 1750?. Slavery was illegal in the northern colonies.. The southern colonies were more dependent upon farming.. There were no shipping ports along the North tlantic coast.. improvements in transportation by sea. laws making slavery illegal in Europe. the spread of plantation agriculture. famine and drought in frica. The southern colonies had the largest cities in colonial merica. 77. Use this chart to answer the following question. Year(s) olonial cts Event Navigation cts require all colonial trade to be done with English ships. Heavy duties are placed on goods importedr by the colonies The Wool ct forbids the New England colonies to export wool The Sugar ct imposes heavy duties on sugar imported from West Indies The Iron ct limits the growth of the iron industry in the New England colonies The urrency ct forbids the New England colonies to issue their own money. This chart shows several acts the ritish passed during the colonial period. What was the main reason Great ritain passed these acts?. to help the early colonists survive in merica. to tighten control over colonial trade. to help the colonists form an independent government. to encourage competition among ritish colonies and other European settlements in merica 79. Which colony created their community based upon a holy experiment that focused on the Quaker ideals of equality and tolerance?. John Winthrop s Massachusetts ay olony. James Oglethorpe s colony of Georgia. William Penn s colony of Pennsylvania. Roger Williams colony of Rhode Island 80. uring colonial times, only white men with property had suffrage. What does suffrage mean?. the right to vote. the right to travel. the right to protest. the right to worship page 19 NFE Review

20 81. ritish ctions fter the French and Indian War Navigation cts Stamp ct Writs of ssistance Townshend cts England exercised a policy of salutary neglect toward its colonies before the French and Indian War. escribe how the policy of salutary neglect was changed, and explain how it affected the ritish colonists as a result of two actions from the list above. 83. [L]ive peaceable under the civil government,... nor shall he or she at any time be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious worship place or ministry whatever... that so we may live friendly together.... That the Indians shall have liberty to do all things to the improvement of their ground. William Penn, 1682 How did William Penn s principles regarding his holy experiment colony affect those who chose to settle in Pennsylvania?. Many citizens left the colony to find education for their children.. The colony experienced minimal growth due to the religious intolerance of its leaders.. merican Indians and colonists often worshiped together.. Penn s approach made the colony diverse by attracting many types of people and religions. 82. For the persons, we are a [group] [calling] ourselves fellow members of hrist;... the end is to improve our lives to do more service to the Lord. Thus stands the cause between God and us: we are entered into [an agreement] with Him for this work. John Winthrop, leader of a New England colony, 1630 ased on the quote, how did religion influence many New England colonies?. The rules and missions of the colonies were based on beliefs of the church.. Women were looked upon as leaders of the church and town government.. Only church leaders could vote or serve in the functions of town government.. Politics and government could only be discussed at church meetings on Sundays. 84. The Quakers emigrated from England to the merican colonies in the late 1600s. The Quakers experiences in England led them to adopt which policy in their new colony of Pennsylvania?. tolerating different religions. discouraging industrialization. allowing women to vote in elections. prohibiting atholics from owning property page 20 NFE Review

21 85. What was the merican colonists primary objection to the taxes imposed by the Stamp ct?. It was the first time the ritish tried to control the colonies.. It set the rate so high that it harmed the colonial economy.. It had not been approved by colonial representatives.. It interfered with merchants right to free trade. 88. Thomas Jefferson and his followers opposed lexander Hamilton s tariff policy in part because they believed that high tariffs would cause problems for. rich bankers.. small farmers.. big city merchants.. owners of small factories. 86. Which of these Founders favored a strong national government and a loose interpretation of the United States onstitution?. George Mason. Patrick Henry. Roger Williams 89. Shays Rebellion of 1786 resulted in increased support for. creating a U.S. ill of Rights.. revising the rticles of onfederation.. writing the eclaration of Independence.. approving the Missouri ompromise.. lexander Hamilton 90. In his Farewell ddress, George Washington urged the merican people to 87. Which of these groups most likely supported the political ideas and policies of lexander Hamilton?. small farmers. tobacco planters. business owners. frontier settlers. limit a president to two terms in office.. value and maintain a sense of national unity.. create a defensive alliance with European countries.. establish more effective political parties. page 21 NFE Review

22 Use the following information to complete the statement. We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their reator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. The eclaration of Independence The idea included in the excerpt from the eclaration of Independence can be attributed to Which of the following belongs in the empty box above?. The Missouri ompromise. The Great ompromise. John Locke.. Montesquieu.. Voltaire.. Jean Jacques Rousseau.. The Federalist papers. The rticles of onfederation 93. John Locke, aron de Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire all had what important influence on the United States?. They were Europeans who came to help the mericans fight the ritish in the Revolution.. They were European political thinkers who influenced the ideas of merican leaders at the time of the Revolution.. They were Europeans whose inventions sparked the merican Industrial Revolution around They were European philosophers who met with Thomas Jefferson to draft the eclaration of Independence. page 22 NFE Review

23 94. Great ritain responded to the oston Tea Party by. repealing the Tea ct and ending the tax on tea.. passing the oercive cts and closing oston Harbor.. sending troops to oncord to seize the local militia s weapons.. sending the Olive ranch Petition to make peace with the colonies. 96. The excerpt below is from George Washington s Farewell ddress in It [party conflict] serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity [hatred] of one part against another; foments [provokes] occasionally riot and insurrection. George Washington, Farewell ddress (1796) Which of the following statements best summarizes George Washington s view of political parties?. They were sources of corruption.. They were controlled by social elites.. They were sources of division in the country.. They were prone to influence by foreign powers. 95. Why was Shays s Rebellion important to the call for a onstitutional onvention in 1787?. It demonstrated the threat of slave revolts.. It demonstrated the danger of a ritish army.. It demonstrated the power of the ritish olonial Office.. It demonstrated the need for a stronger national government. 97. How did the ritish victory in the French and Indian War contribute to the beginning of the merican Revolution?. Great ritain tried to trade western Virginia to France for Montreal.. Great ritain tried to sell to France territory conquered during the war.. Great ritain forced new taxes on merican colonists to pay for war debts.. Great ritain forced merican colonists to migrate across the ppalachians. page 23 NFE Review

24 The image below shows a painting of the signing of the eclaration of Independence. John Trumbull, eclaration of Independence, 4 July, 1776, (ca ), c ettman, ORIS page 24 NFE Review

25 98. What was the main purpose of the eclaration of Independence?. to create a set of rules for a new government. to persuade Great ritain to lower colonial taxes. to gain the support of France in the merican Revolution. to explain the reasons for breaking away from Great ritain 101. How did the Stamp ct, the Tea ct, and the Intolerable cts encourage merican colonists to consider revolution against ritish rule?. by ignoring merican representatives in Parliament on issues of taxes levied in the merican colonies. by raising taxes in the merican colonies without granting the colonies any representation in Parliament. by representing an effort in ritain to end the slave trade in the colonies. by revealing the ritish plan to expand the merican colonies farther west on the continent 99. In his Farewell ddress, President Washington warned the United States to avoid which of the following?. trade relationships with European nations. diplomatic relations with European powers. permanent alliances with European powers. immigration agreements with European nations 102. Which reason best explains why many nti-federalists finally agreed to the ratification of the U.S. onstitution?. the addition of the ill of Rights. arguments by George Washington. a desire to create a better relationship with the Federalists. a fear that civil war would break out if the dispute were not settled 100. The rticles of onfederation represented the. rejection of weaknesses in the ill of Rights. first attempt at self-government in the United States. acceptance of ritish rule in the colonies. early effort to improve United States ties to other nations 103. Which political party supported lexander Hamilton s opinion that the United States needed a strong central government?. Whig. nti-federalist. Federalist. emocratic page 25 NFE Review

26 104. Which event convinced many U.S. citizens that a constitutional convention was needed? 107. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on which principle?. the signing of the eclaration of Independence. the creation of the Northwest Ordinance. the merican Revolution. aniel Shays s Rebellion. the states right to nullify acts of the federal government. the Supreme ourt s right to nullify acts of ongress. ongress right to nullify acts of the states. the president s right to nullify rulings of the Supreme ourt 105. Which group strongly supported the addition of the ill of Rights to the U.S. onstitution?. nti-federalists. emocrats. Federalists. Whigs 108. fter the Revolutionary War, the nation faced a huge debt. lexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, drew up a four-part financial program as a solution to the economic problems. How did Hamilton plan to achieve economic success for the new nation?. by borrowing money from foreign countries, establishing a national bank, forming political parties, and taxing distilleries 106. Why did the U.S. ongress pass the lien and Sedition cts of 1798?. to prevent immigrants from joining the Federalist Party. to prevent a war with France. to prevent government opposition. to prevent immigration from anada. by repaying the war debt, creating a national bank, establishing a protective tariff, and collecting excise taxes. by taxing state governments, creating state banks, placing tariffs on foreign goods, and asking ongress to pass an income tax. by placing taxes on exports and imports, selling western lands, providing government-backed loans for farming, and creating banks page 26 NFE Review

27 109. Whiskey Rebellion Timeline of Events 110. March 1791: Federalists in ongress succeed in passing an excise tax on domestically distilled liquor. September 1792: The excise tax provokes opposition in frontier areas. July 1794: Following unsuccessful petitions against the excise tax, an armed group in western Pennsylvania attacks a federal marshal. ugust 7, 1794: Washington as commander in chief calls up the militia in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia to assemble a force of nearly 13,000 men. September 25, 1794: Washington as commander in chief issues a proclamation ordering the militia to assemble and march against the insurgents. November 17, 1794: Hamilton writes to Washington from western Pennsylvania that the list of prisoners has been very considerably increased, that there is no regular assemblage of the fugitives... only small vagrant parties... affording no point of attack. To what extent did the Whiskey Rebellion have a lasting impact on the power of the federal government?. The power of the federal government to regulate commerce was increased when President Washington placed a tax on distillers. How does the above chart, which shows the tally of Electoral ollege votes for the election of 1800, represent a key turning point in U.S. history?. s a result of negotiation in the House of Representatives, Thomas Jefferson became president, thus marking the first peaceful transition of executive power in U.S. history.. s a result of a tie in Electoral ollege votes between Thomas Jefferson and aron urr, both took power as copresidents, marking the only time in U.S. history with two concurrent presidents.. s a result of negotiation in the U.S. Senate, Thomas Jefferson became president and John dams became vice president.. s a result of a tie in Electoral ollege votes, the House of Representatives called for a national referendum.. President Washington s use of federal troops asserted the supremacy of the national government over state governments.. The power of the Treasury epartment was increased by charging a license fee for distillers.. Federal troops used to stop the rebellion became the nation s permanent military force. page 27 NFE Review

28 111. In what way did George Washington attempt to influence U.S. politics in his Farewell ddress?. He recommended a two-year term limit for the office of president.. He appointed himself commander of the ontinental rmy.. He warned against foreign entanglements.. He appointed his vice president, John dams, to the presidency uring the 1700s, a group of European philosophers believed that reason could improve human society. The ideas of these Enlightenment thinkers influenced members of the ontinental ongress. Which Enlightenment idea influenced the ontinental ongress to declare independence from ritain?. Government powers should be spelled out in the law.. Government organization should be divided into three parts.. Government should protect the right of corporations to own property.. Government should be seen as a contract between the people and their rulers Use the excerpt to complete the following statement The eclaration of Independence reflected the merican colonists belief in which principle?. federalism. states rights. self-government. checks and balances With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations. This ending to Lincoln s Second Inaugural Speech indicates that his vision for the future after the ivil War was for. peacemaking and rebuilding the Union.. resolving differences through armed action.. providing pensions to onfederate veterans.. punishing the South for its actions during the war. page 28 NFE Review

29 115. One goal of post ivil War ongressional Reconstruction was to. repay onfederate war debts.. ensure civil rights for former slaves.. preserve the plantation system.. rebuild the Southern naval system What was the most important result of the Hayes-Tilden agreement (ompromise of 1877) following the presidential election of 1876?. the end of Reconstruction. the passage of the awes ct. the rise of multiple radical political parties. the construction of the transcontinental railroad Why did ongress pass laws protecting civil rights during Reconstruction?. to reverse the red Scott decision. to abolish black codes in the South. to punish former onfederate soldiers. to help former slaves migrate to the North uring the late 19th century, the above sequence of events resulted in the. disfranchisement of most frican mericans in the South.. movement to repeal the 14th mendment to the onstitution.. strengthening of the Republican Party in the South.. expansion of free public education to all children Which of these is the strongest evidence of the federal government showing its power over state governments during the Reconstruction period?. the creation of the sharecropping system. the migration of carpetbaggers into southern states. the military occupation of former onfederate states. the creation of the Freedmen s ureau page 29 NFE Review

30 120. Why did the House of Representatives impeach ndrew Johnson?. The president refused to follow Lincoln s Reconstruction plan.. The president violated the Tenure of Office ct.. ongress wanted to test the Fifteenth mendment.. The Supreme ourt supported separation of powers Section 1. ll persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Fourteenth mendment, 1868 How did the Fourteenth mendment affect the merican legal system?. It required that laws be applied equally to all citizens.. It granted citizenship to all residents of the United States.. It ensured that a state could not take a citizen s personal property.. It extended the concept of community standards to state laws Which title best completes this diagram?. Lincoln s Reconstruction Plan. Radical Republicans Reconstruction Plan. Election of emocratic enefits from the ompromise of Which group most strongly supported the idea of an early end to military reconstruction?. recent immigrants. Radical Republicans. southern emocrats. sharecroppers page 30 NFE Review

31 124. Which event best marks the end of the Reconstruction period in the South?. ll southern states had met the requirements set by ongress for statehood.. President Grant chose not to run for reelection to a third term as president.. The Radical Republicans in ongress decided that Reconstruction was a failure and a waste of government funds.. Republican Rutherford. Hayes made a deal in order to defeat emocrat Samuel Tilden in the presidential election We are the nation of human progress, and who will, what can, set limits to our onward march? Providence is with us, and no earthly power can. We point to the everlasting truth on the first page of our national declaration, and we proclaim to the millions of other lands, that the gates of hell the powers of aristocracy and monarchy shall not prevail against it. This quotation was taken from a journal article in With which statement would the author of the article most likely agree?. The United States should be careful about growing too quickly.. The United States should be ruled by a monarchy.. The United States was meant by God to expand and become great.. The United States does not need to protect its borders s a consequence of the merican ivil War, people in the South experienced many changes in their way of life. One result of these changes was the passage of lack odes in many southern states. What was the purpose of the lack odes?. to establish legal slavery in the West. to force former slaves to return to frica. to prevent frican-mericans from moving west. to keep frican-mericans in an inferior position 127. Which of these was a policy of ndrew Jackson s presidency?. a temporary end to westward expansion. the forced relocation of Native mericans. the waging of wars with European powers. the strengthening of the powers of ongress page 31 NFE Review

32 128. The graph below shows the number of farms in the United States in 1860 and How did the government s policy of manifest destiny affect Native mericans living on the plains in the late 1800s?. Native mericans were forced to accept treaties and land east of the Mississippi River.. Native mericans were forced to give up reservations with the passage of the Monroe octrine.. Native mericans were forced to mine gold discovered by settlers.. Native mericans were forced onto reservations while settlers took their land Why did the Homestead ct attract farmers to the frontier? How did the Homestead ct of 1862 contribute to the changes shown on the graph?. The government provided land to settlers in the West.. The government gave funds to railroad companies in the West.. The government funded large-scale irrigation projects in the West.. It guaranteed farmers access to the railroad.. It provided farmers with subsidies for their crops.. It offered tax incentives to farmers who settled in the West.. It offered free land to farmers who would improve it within five years.. The government promised to buy cash crops from farmers in the West The economy and settlement of the West in the late 19th century were shaped by which industries?. Mining and cattle ranching. Manufacturing and fishing. griculture and forestry. efense and high technology page 32 NFE Review

33 132. Which method of transportation contributed most to westward migration in the late 19th century? 135. How did farmers in the West accomplish their merican ream in the 1870s?. Steamboats. Railroads. utomobiles. anal barges. by having large families to increase crop yields. by supporting laws that encouraged homesteading. by increasing profits from large commercial farms. by producing crops to convert into fuels 133. uring the post-reconstruction Era, the United States began to develop its western territories. ll of the following groups of mericans contributed to this development except. miners. cattlemen. farmers. shipbuilders 136. How did some families benefit from the Homestead ct of 1862?. It allowed families to move to laska to mine for gold.. It provided tax-free land for families to settle in the Northwest Territory.. It gave each settler that moved west thirty acres of farmland, a mule, and a plow.. It provided each settler with 160 acres of land The intent of the awes Severalty ct, passed by ongress in 1887, was to. assimilate Native mericans.. provide housing for sian immigrants.. restrict immigration from Europe.. grant citizenship to Hispanic mericans How did the concept of manifest destiny affect the relationship between the United States and Mexico?. It inspired the defense of the lamo.. It discouraged settlement in alifornia.. It helped the United States justify the annexation of Texas.. It prevented the United States from taking control of the Gulf of Mexico. page 33 NFE Review

34 138. How were the lives of many hinese immigrants affected by the transcontinental railroad? They were given jobs to plan the transcontinental railroad, but they were underpaid.. They were employed to build the railroad tracks, but they also suffered from discrimination.. They used factories to manufacture railroad tracks and ties, and they became economically and politically powerful.. They used the transcontinental railroad to travel west to search for gold, but they had to leave their families behind. Products of manufacturing, Mining, & Mechanical rts of New York & Virginina, 1850 New York Virginia $237,597,249 $29,705,387 Hinton Rowan Helper, The Impending risis of the South: How to Meet It, 1860 What factor could explain the difference in antebellum economic growth and opportunity between the North and the South as documented by Hinton Helper?. Slave-based economy was profitable for the South, but industrialization offered greater economic growth for the North.. Southern plantations and their reliance on slavery offered the greatest economic opportunity in the United States.. The North s focus on industrialization, which relied on foreign markets, made it economically weak.. The North s economy surpassed the South s economy due to the discovery of gold in the Hudson River Valley. page 34 NFE Review