The Patriot Cause Review Presentation

Transcription

1 The Patriot Cause Review Presentation WARNING! Do not use this presentation as the sole source for studying! It does visually review the objectives and provide some of the end-of-lesson assessments, but it is intended to be just one of the several resources that should be used. Other Available Resources: Online Practice Quiz Study Guide in the back of the packet Packet HW Questions and Answer Key

2 The Patriot Cause British Public Policy #1 Salutary Neglect British Public Policy #2 Tightening Control Over the Colonies ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How Can People Change Public Policy?

3 THE PATRIOT CAUSE Instruction Manual on How to Change Policy With a Political Movement

4 BACKGROUND: What is a Political Movement? Objective: I will be able to: Define political movement and The Patriot Cause. Identify the key to a political movement s success. Identify the six steps of the political movement process.

5 BACKGROUND: What is a Political Movement? Political Movement when people try to get the government to change its policies. What are some political movements going on today that are trying to change government policy? Nationally? Locally?

6 BACKGROUND: What is a Political Movement? What is the key to a running a successful political movement?

7 BACKGROUND: What is a Political Movement? The Political Movement Process:? STEP #1: Identify the Objective STEP #2: Identify the Man STEP #3: Identify the Base STEP #4: Organize the Base into a Coalition STEP #5: Get the Support of the Masses STEP #6: Choose an Effective Protest

8 BACKGROUND: What is a Political Movement? The Patriot Cause There were a number of British colonists who disliked the changes in British policy after 1763, and they started a political movement to get these policies repealed. We will call this political movement the Patriot Cause.

9 Assessment: 1. What does a political movement try to change? 2. What is the key to running a successful political movement? Match the step in the political movement process with the question: 3 Identify the Objective a) How can all of these groups work together to get the policy repealed? 4 Identify the Man b) What policy are you trying to repeal? 5 Identify the Base c) What will the movement do to force the Man to repeal the law? 6 Organize the Base into a Coalition d) Which interest groups also want to get the policy repealed? 7 Get the Support of the Masses e) Who else can you attract to your movement? 8 Choose an Effective Protest f) Who has the power to repeal the policy? What do we call the colonial movement to repeal post 1763 British policies?

10 Assessment: 1. What does a political movement try to change? 2. What is the key to running a successful political movement? 3. What do we call the political movement s goal? 4. Who has the power to make the change that the movement wants? 5. What do we call the groups who are REALLY into the movement? 6. Into what should the movement organize these groups? 7. Who else s support should the movement try to get? 8. To get the change it wants, the movement needs to an effective?

11 STEP #1: Identify The Objective of the Movement Objective: I will be able to: Define objective Identify the objective of the Patriot Cause;

12 STEP #1: Identify The Objective of the Movement The objective is the policy change that the movement wants to happen. Alice: Which road shall I take? Cheshire Cat: Where do you want to go? Without having a clear objective, the political movement may get confused and sidetracked, and ultimately never reach it.

13 STEP #1: Identify The Objective of the Movement The Patriot Cause To get repealed any new British policy that strengthened Parliament s power of the colonists. Proclamation of 1763 Stamp Act Townshend Acts Writs of Assistance How is Parliament tightening control over the colonies in each act? Any rights being violated?

14 STEP #2. Identify The Man Objective: I will be able to: Identify The Man. Explain why it is important to identify the Man. Identify who the Patriots believed to be the Man in their case.

15 STEP #2. Identify The Man Who s The Man? Not the Man! The British people have nice hats, but can t repeal the policy. Not the Man! King George III may have some influence, but can t repeal the policy. The Man! Only Parliament can repeal the policy. Only when you can identify The Man will you be able to direct your movement properly.

16 Assessment: 1. Who is The Man in a political movement? 2. Why is it important for a political movement to identify The Man? 3. What did the Patriot s see as The Man?

17 STEP #3 Identify the Base Objective: I will be able to: Identify: Interest group, The Base, The Masses, Land speculator Explain the difference between The Base of a movement and The Masses. Identify which interest groups made up The Base of the Patriot Cause and which made up The Masses. Explain how each interest group was affected by the acts of Parliament.

18 What is an interest group? An interest group is a group of people who have something in common and therefore will all be affected by a policy in the same way.

19 What is an interest group? What kinds of policies would have a similar effect on everyone within each of these interest groups? Senior Citizens Teachers The Petroleum Industry

20 What is The Base? The Base of a political movement are the interest groups that support the movement from the start because they are directly hurt by the policy.

21 What is The Base and the Masses?

22 The Patriot Cause s Base of Interest Groups: The Masses Everyone Else Not Affected Smugglers Virginia Tobacco Planters Land Speculators Colonial Legislatures

23 Interest Group #1: Smugglers

24 Interest Group #2: Virginia Tobacco Planters

25 Tobacco drains the soil of nutrients and tobacco planters must find new land every three years to keep growing it.

26 Tobacco planters need the West! But, the Proclamation of Needed in order to continue getting rich off of tobacco! 1763 takes that away!

27 Interest Group #3: Colonial Legislatures

28 Colonial Legislature Can No Longer Sell Off Their Land Claims in the West. Lost revenues!

29 Who has the right to tax the colonists? According to the Magna Carta and the colonial charters. Parliament Colonial Legislatures Parliament's passing of the Stamp and Townshend Acts suggests that it believes that Parliament does. Colonial legislatures see this as taxation without representation, and fear that Parliament is trying to take away their power.

30 Interest Group #4: Land Speculators

31 Speculation: When you buy something when it is not wanted and worth very little in hopes of selling it later when people want it and will pay a higher price for it. Loser rookie now but maybe worth something in the future.

32 Land speculators bought up much of the Ohio River Valley as soon as the war was over, hoping to sell it at a profit when the Eastern Seaboard was filled up and colonists started looking in the ORV for land. The Proclamation of 1763 caused them to lose their investments!

33 The colonial masses: 90% were. Yeoman farmers! Why are they NOT in the base?

34 Most colonists were yeoman farmers living in isolated farming communities that did not: Buy imported goods Smuggle Use legal documents or buy printed materials In other words, most colonists are not going to be economically affected by the new British policies.

35 The Patriot Cause s Base of Interest Groups: The Masses Everyone Else Not Affected Smugglers Virginia Tobacco Planters Land Speculators Colonial Legislatures

36 Assessment: 1. What do we call a group of people who are similarly affected by a policy? 2. What do we call all of the interest groups that are VERY likely to support the movement? 3. What do we call all of the interest groups who are NOT likely to support the movement? 4. Why would smugglers want the writs of assistance repealed? 5. Why did Virginia tobacco planters need the Ohio River Valley? 6. How did the Proclamation of 1763 hurt Virginia tobacco planters? 7. How did the Proclamation of 1763 hurt colonial legislatures? 8. How did the Stamp and Townshend Acts hurt colonial legislatures? 9. How does a land speculator make money? 10. How did the Proclamation of 1763 hurt land speculators? 11. Why are yeoman farmers not in the base? 12. Is the base of the Patriot Cause the majority of the colonists?

37 STEP #4: Mobilize The Base Into a Coalition Objective: I will be able to Define coalition, Committees of Correspondence. Explain TWO ways that forming a coalition of interest groups helps the political movement. Explain how the Committees of Correspondence helped the Patriots form their coalition.

38 What is a coalition? Suppose the school to decide that the JJ Lax team would play on the baseball field during the spring season, and the baseball team would move their practice into Lab 110. Affected Interest Groups Lax Bros. Baseball Team Purple Press

39 What is a coalition? Each one of these interest groups is being displaced or affected. Each one can fight against the policy on its own. But would make each of their political movements stronger? Forming a Coalition to Work Together Lax Bros. Baseball Team Purple Press

40 What is a coalition? A coalition is when different interest groups find a way to work together toward their common objective. These are just a tiny sampling of coalitions that have organized for some political or social objective.

41 How does uniting interests groups into a coalition help the movement? First, the interest groups can share information and expertise with each other. If one member of the coalition discovered some important information about their movement or an effective way to protest the policy, it could share it with the other groups in the coalition so that everyone is informed. Second, a coalition enables the interest groups to coordinate their actions. For example, when the Patriots protested the Townshend Acts with a boycott, they were able to make sure that people in every colonial city stopped buying British goods at the same time, which made it much more effective than if only one city was boycotting or different cities boycotted at different times.

42 The Patriot Cause s Base of Interest Groups: Smugglers Virginia Tobacco Planters Little interest groups with similar, but different. Powerless to reach their objectives. Land Speculators Colonial Legislatures

43 The Patriot Cause s Base of Interest Groups: The Patriot Coalition Now powerful and able to reach a common objective!

44 The key to a coalition is communication! Today, political movements have electronic communication tools.

45 The to a coalition is communication! In colonial times, political movements communicated with pen, paper, and horses. Committees of Correspondence Committees of Patriot established in each colony who were responsible for writing letters to each other were the main form of communication among the Patriot groups.

46 Assessment: 1. What should interest groups with a common objective form in order to better reach that objective? 2. What are TWO benefits of forming it? A. B. 3. What was the name of the communication network the Patriots used to establish communication among Patriot groups? 4. How did this communication network operate?

47 STEP #5 Get the Support of the Masses Objective: I will be able to: Define fringe movement, popular movement, and propaganda. Explain how propaganda can be used to transform a fringe movement into a popular movement.

48 What is the difference between a fringe movement and popular movement? Once the base is mobilized and working together, it is most likely still a fringe movement, a movement made up of a small minority of the people in society. If the movement is going to succeed, however, it will have to expand into a popular movement, a movement supported by the masses. The more support the movement has, the better!

49 What is the difference between a fringe movement and popular movement? How does a coalition turn a fringe movement into a popular movement? PROPAGANDA!

50 Analyzing Revere s Boston Massacre (Engraving, 1770) Claim: Paul Revere s Boston Massacre attempted to gain support for the Patriot Cause by making the British soldiers look like villains.

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52 Motifs and Metaphors Used in Boston Massacre Example of Execution By Firing Squad Killing was done purposely! Pietà identifies subject as a martyr Colonists died protecting their liberty! Dog as a symbol of loyalty Colonists were innocent of wrongdoing.

53 Assessment 1. What do we call a movement supported by only a minority of the society? 2. What do we call a movement supported by only a significant number of the society? 3. Whose support does a movement need to mobilize in order to make it a popular movement? (Use vocabulary word) 4. Why would the movement be more effective if it were a popular movement? 5. What tool will the coalition use to gain the support of the masses? 6. What is a famous example of this used by the Patriots?

54 Now that you have grown into a popular movement time to take action PROTEST!

55 How will this action force The Man to change the policy?

56 Organize Protests Against the Policy Objective: I will be able to: Define protest. Identify and describe four forms of protest used by the Patriots in order to force Parliament to repeal its polices: 1. Lobbying 2. Disrupting the enforcement of the policy 3. Boycotting 4. Litigation

57 What is the difference between? Propaganda Protest Information Get Masses to Join Movement Action Get The Man to Change Policy

58 1. Lobbying If you think the Man can be persuaded to change the policy, send a lobbyist to try to convince The Man to do it.

59 Why Was Ben Franklin Sent to Lobby Parliament Against the Stamp Act? 3,000,000 Englishmen like this

60 Ben Franklin was so famous that he even was granted an audience with King George III!

61 Alas, even Franklin s lobbying couldn t change Parliament s mind. But something else would

62 2. Disrupt the Enforcement of the Policy

63 In order for Parliament to enforce the Stamp Act What is the most important item they need to have in America? Who is the most important person they need to have in America? Stamps Stamp Agents

64 Disrupt the enforcement of the policy by burning all of the stamps!

65 Disrupt the enforcement of the policy by Forcing all stamp agents to resign! Andrew Oliver resigning as Stamp Collector for Boston.

66 How to force a stamp agent to resign. Future Site of Stamp Office! 1. Sons of Liberty cut the supports for Oliver s office.

67 How to force a stamp agent to resign. 2. Sons of Liberty hang an effigy of him in the town square

68 How to force a stamp agent to resign. 3. Sons of Liberty hold a mock funeral parade with the effigy all the way to his house. When they get there they break all of his windows, and threaten his life until he agrees to publicly resign

69 How to force a stamp agent to resign. 4. Sons of Liberty tarred and feather John Malcolm, another stamp agent.

70 With no stamps nor agents, Parliament could not enforce the Stamp Act and was forced to repeal it.

71 When do you choose to disrupt the enforcement of the policy as a protest?

72 3. Boycotts Colonists demand Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. Parliament ignores colonists. Colonists boycott [stop buying] British goods. British merchants loose 700,000 of revenue due to boycotts! British merchants demand that Parliament repeal the Townshend Acts in order to end the boycott. It does.

73 Celebrating the repeal of the Townshend Acts, church bells ring for a whole day in England!

74 Daughters of Liberty agree to boycott British goods in their households!

75 Meanwhile, Sons of Liberty threaten any merchants who do not stop importing British goods.

76 What can we learn about the boycotts from this chart? Boycotts reduced British imports by 25%!

77 When do you choose boycotting as a protest?

78 4. Litigation What is the most obvious problem with the writs of assistance? ( Besides the harm they will do to smugglers?)

79 4. Litigation Unconstitutional - violates the the constitution of the country When the policy violates a higher law, rights, or the constitution, challenge the policy in court! This is called litigation.

80 4. Litigation A Boston lawyer was hired by a group of smugglers to argue in court that the writs of assistance were illegal because they violated the right to privacy granted in the Magna Carta. He lost!

81 4. Litigation A Boston lawyer was hired by a group of smugglers to argue in court that the writs of assistance were illegal because they violated the right to privacy granted in the Magna Carta. He lost!

82 4. Litigation In these cases, political movements brought action in court against policies that they thought were unconstitutional. And they worked! District of Columbia v. Heller Hollingsworth v. Perry Gun Rights Gay Marriage

83 When do you choose litigation as a protest?

84 Assessment: 1. What do we call an action taken meant to get The Man to change a policy? 2. What do we call the protest where people are sent to persuade the government to change policy? 3. Why did colonists choose Franklin to go talk to Parliament? 4. Why did Parliament have to repeal the Stamp Act? 5. What do we call it when people stop buying goods in protest? 6. Explain in detail how the colonists using this protest eventually caused the Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. 7. What do people do when they use litigation as a protest? 8. What act did they try to litigate in court?

85 1. Lobbying a) When the policy violates the constitution or a higher law or right 2. Boycott b) When the Man won't listen to you, but will listen to powerful business leaders. 3. Litigation c) When there are particular things that need to exist or to happen in order for the Man to make the policy happen. 4. Disrupt the enforcement of the act d) When you think the Man could be persuaded by the right person saying the right things.