United States History to 1877 Grade 8 State CRT Sample Questions 2005

Transcription

1 United States History to 1877 Grade 8 State RT Sample Questions PSS 1.2. epth of Knowledge: 2 ny people anywhere, being inclined and having the power, have the right to rise up and shake off the existing government, and form a new one that suits them better. braham Lincoln, 1848 The idea expressed by President Lincoln in the quotation above is most like an idea expressed in the Magna arta. Mayflower ompact. eclaration of Independence. U.S. onstitution. 2. epth of Knowledge: 2 I thought I was a thoroughgoing [committed] abolitionist, but your book has awakened so strong a feeling of indignation [anger] and of compassion [sympathy], that I seem never to have had any feeling on this subject till now. The quotation above is from a letter written to an merican author. To which book does the letter most likely refer? Uncle Tom s abin The Last of the Mohicans Self-Reliance Walden, Or Life in the Woods

2 3. epth of Knowledge: 2 I am convinced that our system of temporary enlistments has prolonged the war We may expect everything from ours that a militia is capable of, but we must not expect service for which regulars alone are fit. The late attle of amden is a melancholy [sad] comment upon this doctrine. The militia fled at first fire, and left the continental troops surrounded The constant fluctuation [change in number] of their men is one of the sources of disgust to the officers. Just when they have brought their men to some kind of order, they go home. General George Washington What action did the ontinental ongress need to take in order for the United States to defeat Great ritain and gain their independence? create a professional army form an alliance with France borrow money from the states purchase munitions from Spain

3 4. PSS 1.3. epth of Knowledge: 2 Harriett eecher Stowe published Uncle Tom s abin The red Scott decision Seven states seceded from the Union The Harper s Ferry raid Which of the following is the correct interpretation of theses events? These events occurred before the ivil War. Each event took place during Lincoln s presidency. These events were reviewed by the Supreme ourt. Each event resulted in legislation by the ongress. 5. epth of Knowledge: 3 1. Louisiana Purchase 2. War of Ratification of the onstitution 4. merican Revolution What is the order that the events above occurred? 2, 1, 4, 3 3, 4, 2, 1 1, 2, 4, 3 4, 3, 1, 2

4 6. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which of these events occurred before the signing of the eclaration of Independence? Siege of Yorktown attle of Lexington Retreat to Valley Forge attle of Saratoga 7. PSS 1.4 epth of Knowledge: 3 What best explains the reason why these trails are indirect routes? Pioneers heading west wanted to enjoy the scenery. Land speculators paid settlers to use their property for travel. The routes were laid out without regard to Native merican tribes. Natural barriers such as mountains and deserts had to be safely navigated.

5 8. epth of Knowledge: 2 People from different times in history look at maps from their own perspective. y 1750, colonists viewed the ppalachian Mountains as an easy route to French Territory. a valuable source of raw materials. an extensive agricultural region. a barrier to expansion.

6 9. epth of Knowledge: 1 The United States Which state was one of the first to enter the Union?

7 10. PSS 1.5 epth of Knowledge: 3 Presidential Election of 1860 andidate Lincoln (Republican Party) ouglas (Northern emocratic Party) reckinridge (Southern emocratic Party) ell (onstitutional Union Party) Popular Vote Percentage of Popular Vote Electoral Vote 1,865, % 180 1,382, % , % , % 39 ased on the chart above, which of the following conclusions is correct? The Republican Party won with less than half of the popular vote. The Northern emocratic Party won a majority of the electoral vote. The onstitutional Union Party won with a majority of votes cast in the west. The emocratic Party won with support from voters in the northeast.

8 11. epth of Knowledge: 2 Value of Exports from Selected ritish olonies to Great ritain, (in thousands of pounds sterling) Year New Middle Southern England olonies olonies West Indies Which of the following can be concluded from the chart? The West Indies competed with the Southern olonies in exports. Each year the Middle olonies were the largest exporters. The Southern and Middle olonies regulated their exports. The value of exports from New England increased over time.

9 12. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which of the following conclusions can be made from the graph above? Immigrants to the U.S. after the merican Revolution were farmers. Urban populations increased after the merican Revolution. Improvements in transportation brought people to cities. Employment opportunities decreased in urban areas.

10 13. PSS 1.6 epth of Knowledge: 2 To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace. George Washington, 1790 The quotation above indicates that Washington supported forming a two-party political system. maintaining a strong national defense. signing treaties with Native mericans. establishing ties with European countries. 14. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which statement is an opinion about civic responsibilities? itizens should write to Senators. itizens can vote in the United States. itizens may be required to serve jury duty. itizens are required to go to court when called.

11 15. epth of Knowledge: 3 FT: There can be only one winner in an election. FT: The United States traditionally has a two party system. FT: itizens of the United States seldom change party preference. Which statement is supported by these facts? Third parties are backed by political extremists. Third parties are harmful to the political system. Third parties have had difficulty winning elections. Third parties have often outpolled the major parties. 16. PSS 1.7 epth of Knowledge: 1 The motto on the Great Seal of the United States of merica is E Pluribus Unum, a Latin phrase that means out of many, one. What is the meaning that the Founding Fathers wanted to express with this motto? unified nation was formed from the various states. single government was formed with three branches. unified country was formed on territory from many nations. single nation was formed by leaders with many backgrounds.

12 17. epth of Knowledge: 1 We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, and secure the lessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this onstitution of the United States of merica Preamble to the United States onstitution The writers of the onstitution included the statement above in order to demonstrate their belief in free speech. limit the power of the legislative branch. state their reasons for creating the government. guarantee equal power among levels of government. 18. epth of Knowledge: 3 The desire to create a more perfect union was more than just a way to make government more efficient, it was necessary for the very survival of an independent United States. historian The quotation refers to the reasons for writing the Mayflower ompact. rticles of onfederation. United States onstitution. eclaration of Independence.

13 19. PSS 3.1 epth of Knowledge: 1 How did the Proclamation of 1763 increase the tension between the merican colonies and Great ritain? The ritish king prohibited settlement west of the ppalachian Mountains. ritish commanders encouraged Native mericans to attack colonists. The ritish government reduced its military protection in the colonies. ritish troops collected taxes to pay the war debt of Great ritain. 20. epth of Knowledge: comparison of these maps shows that one result of the French and Indian War was that France gained most of the unexplored lands. France lost most of its land in North merica. Spanish territory extended to the tlantic Ocean. ritish territory in North merica was abandoned.

14 21. epth of Knowledge: 1 The Proclamation of 1763 increased taxes on imported tea. established Florida as a ritish colony. required colonists to house ritish soldiers. barred settlement west of the ppalachian Mountains. 22. PSS 3.2 epth of Knowledge: 2 We cannot petition and we cannot march! Yet we can spin, and brew, and refuse to buy! Let Parliament feel the powerful pinch of the aughters of Liberty! This quotation shows the reaction of colonial women to the Stamp ct. oston Massacre. attle of unker Hill. eclaration of Independence.

15 23. epth of Knowledge: 2 The picture shows a colonial protest against ritish efforts to raise money by taxing trade in the colonies. prohibit westward settlement of colonists. stop the sugar trade with the West Indies. increase commercial activity with France. 24. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which group led a violent campaign against the Stamp ct of 1765? Loyalists Minutemen Sons of Liberty ommittees of orrespondence

16 25. PSS 3.3 epth of Knowledge: 1 What ritish policy did merican colonists protest at the oston Tea Party? trial without jury quartering of troops abolishment of legislatures taxation without representation 26. epth of Knowledge: 1 Why did Paul Revere make and distribute this engraving of the oston Massacre? He wanted to make money by selling the prints. He wanted to turn public opinion against the ritish. He wanted to convince the colonists to stop the rebellion. He wanted to show the exact details of what happened that day.

17 27. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which circumstance made ritish enactment of new laws intolerable to merican colonists? olonists felt no need for foreign military protection. merican colonists had no representation in Parliament. The French government influenced lawmakers in ritain. The ritish king could veto the laws passed by Parliament. 28. PSS 3.5 epth of Knowledge: 1 Which statement represents the point of view of a Loyalist during the Revolutionary War? bandon the Parliament! Support Independence! Remain Neutral! Long Live the King!

18 29. epth of Knowledge: 2 bout 40% of colonists support independence. bout 20% of colonists are against independence. bout 40% of colonists are undecided on independence. Which is the best title for the chart? olonists emand Independence olonists isagree Over Independence Great ritain and the olonies Negotiate Great ritain and the olonies Make Peace 30. epth of Knowledge: 2 iscussion mong olonists JOHN: s citizens of Great ritain, it is our duty to remain faithful to our country and not to encourage this rebellion. JO: Not only that, it would be unpatriotic to rebel against the king and our homeland! WILLIM: Great ritain defended us during the French and Indian War. It is only fair that we should pay for part of the costs of the war. ROERT: You are so wrong. The king is taking advantage of us and he has passed unfair laws. I fully support a movement to form a new country. Which ocument were they most likely discussing? Maryland Toleration ct rticles of onfederation eclaration of Independence Fundamental Orders of onnecticut

19 31. PSS 4.1. epth of Knowledge: 3 Why was Thomas Paine s pamphlet, ommon Sense, so influential with many colonists? It presented the argument for merican independence in a straight forward, easy-to-understand manner. It presented a well-organized debate about current political issues, giving equal representation to the ritish and the colonies. It provided the colonists with convincing arguments to use when negotiating for trading prices with Native Indians. It argued that years of political corruption and religious intolerance had stripped England of its leadership. 32. epth of Knowledge: 2 When it becomes necessary for one People to assume among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature s God entitle them, a decent respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. from the eclaration of Independence To whom is the eclaration of Independence addressed? people in European nations all people of the world European monarchs only colonists

20 33. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which is an example of a conflict between Great ritain and the colonies? War of 1812 English ivil War merican Revolution French and Indian War 34. PSS 4.2 epth of Knowledge: 1 Which did the ritish military use during the merican Revolution? Hessian soldiers Spanish guides French rifles utch ships 35. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which was a main advantage of the colonists during the merican Revolution? famous leaders familiar territory better supplies superior training

21 36. epth of Knowledge: 3 How did images like this help the merican cause during the Revolutionary War? They reminded mericans of values they shared with the ritish. They persuaded Native mericans to support independence. They reinforced a particular opinion about ritish actions. They encouraged Loyalists to emigrate from the colonies. 37. PSS 4.3 epth of Knowledge: 1 Which statement best describes the participation of most frican mericans in the merican Revolution? They fought on both sides in the war. They only fought for the ritish in the war. They learned new occupations during the war. They only delivered military supplies during the war.

22 38. epth of Knowledge: 2 One way both men and women supported the merican Revolution was by participating in boycotts of ritish goods. making treaties with foreign nations. enlisting in the ontinental rmy. creating new state constitutions. 39. epth of Knowledge: 1 Many frican mericans supported the merican Revolution because they wanted to preserve the Southern economic system. expected to get land when the war was over. believed they would gain their freedom. hoped to earn free passage to frica. 40. PSS 4.4 epth of Knowledge: 1 Why was the attle of Saratoga a turning point in the merican Revolution? It allowed shipments of food to reach mericans at Valley Forge. The Hessian fighters could no longer wage war for Great ritain. It persuaded France to give military assistance to the mericans. The ritish military was forced to surrender the city of oston.

23 41. epth of Knowledge: 2 efore 1776, a few merican colonists believed that independence from Great ritain was a good idea. What happened in 1776 to cause more people to support the idea of a revolution? Thomas Paine wrote ommon Sense. George III became king of England. The Federalist Papers were published in New York. Parliament banned trade with the West Indies.

24 42. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which best explains why General Washington located his headquarters in Valley Forge during the winter of 1777? He could easily attack the nearby ritish encampments from there. He believed the surroundings could provide food, water, and defense. He could quickly retreat to York, Philadelphia, or New York from there. He believed the next battle should be fought away from populated areas. 43. epth of Knowledge: 1 One reason it took the states from 1777 to 1781 to ratify the rticles of onfederation was the dispute that focused on national military requirements. foreign relationships. western land claims. local elections.

25 44. epth of Knowledge: 1 The rticles of onfederation gave the power to enforce laws to the individual states. chief executive. legislative branch. federal courts. 45. epth of Knowledge: 1 The framers of the rticles of onfederation did not create a strong central government because they feared tyrannical rule. hoped a monarchy would arise. feared indirect contact between states. believed the church could solve hard disputes. 46. PSS 4.6 epth of Knowledge: 1 What was the main result of the attle of Yorktown in 1781? Paul Revere became a national hero. The ritish captured southern seaports. The United States won its independence. Washington had more time to train his troops.

26 47. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which person is most closely identified with the Minutemen? Paul Revere Thomas Paine John Paul Jones Thomas Jefferson 48. epth of Knowledge: 1 I have never met a man, either in England or merica, who hath not confessed his opinion, that a separation between the two countries, would take place one time or other. nd there is no instance in which we have shown less judgment, than in endeavoring to describe, what we call, the ripeness or fitness of the ontinent for independence. from ommon Sense, 1776 Who wrote the passage quoted above? John dams John Hancock Thomas Paine George Washington

27 49. PSS 5.1 epth of Knowledge: 1 Which is one reason the Founding Fathers replaced the rticles of onfederation in 1787? The rticles failed to protect the rights of slaves. The rticles led to trade disputes between states. The rticles failed to establish a legislative body. The rticles created a tyrannical judicial system. 50. epth of Knowledge: 1 Features of the rticles of onfederation Two-thirds majority needed to pass laws No control of interstate or foreign trade ongress could not collect taxes No executive department No national judicial branch Unanimous vote of states needed for amendments One main problem of the rticles of onfederation was that it made it too easy for the president to veto laws. made it too difficult for ongress to enact laws. placed too many limits on the rights of taxpayers. placed too many restrictions on trade between states.

28 51. epth of Knowledge: 2 This quotation indicates that the rticles of onfederation most closely resembled a bill of rights. a treaty among nations. a statement of grievances. an unwritten constitution. 52. PSS 5.2 epth of Knowledge: 1 The main goal of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was to prevent anadian settlers from moving south. prevent the legalization of slavery in the territories. provide for seizure of land from Native mericans. provide a way for new territories to join the Union.

29 53. epth of Knowledge: 1 dvance public education Encourage westward expansion Orderly admission of new states to the union The subject of this list is the lbany Plan. Monroe octrine. Northwest Ordinance. Missouri ompromise. 54. epth of Knowledge: 1 ccording to the Northwest Ordinance, a territory could become a state when the people elected a legislature. inhabitants voted to become a state. residents adopted a state constitution. population reached sixty thousand people. 55. PSS 5.3 epth of Knowledge: 1 Why did James Madison write some of The Federalist Papers? He wanted to be the first president. He did not favor a national bill of rights. He did not support the new U.S. onstitution. He wanted to respond to critics of the onstitution.

30 56. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which would the Federalist Party have supported in the election of 1796? opening more independent banks in small cities transferring more power to state governments passing protective tariffs on imported goods ending property requirement for voting 57. epth of Knowledge: 2 My political curiosity leads me to ask: Who authorized them to speak the language of We the people, instead of We the states? Patrick Henry This quote shows that Patrick Henry was a emocrat. a Federalist. a Republican. an ntifederalist.

31 58. PSS 5.4 epth of Knowledge: 2 What experience led the Founding Fathers to create a limited government with divided powers? The abuse of soldiers during the Revolutionary War. The election of colonial assemblies in New England. The creation of new colonies from Native merican territory. The tyranny of the ritish king after the French and Indian War. 59. epth of Knowledge: 1 Speaker 1: I believe that all government power comes from We the people. Speaker 2: I agree, but remember that elected representatives make important decisions in our system of government. Speaker 3: Sure, but those representatives have to obey the U. S. onstitution, whatever they do. Speaker 4: I think our government is the best in the world, even when I don t agree with some of its actions. The rule of law is a principle of government that is described by speaker 1. speaker 2. speaker 3. speaker 4.

32 60. epth of Knowledge: 1 To prevent tyranny, the writers of the U. S. onstitution established political parties. presidential advisors. executive departments. separation of powers. 61. PSS 5.5 epth of Knowledge: 2 First mendment ongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble Sixth mendment In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. What is the most significant difference between the First mendment and the Sixth mendment? The Sixth mendment only protects people who can afford a lawyer, while the First mendment only protects religious leaders. The First mendment protects everyone, while the Sixth mendment protects people accused of a crime. The First mendment has no limits, while the Sixth mendment has many limits. The First mendment only protects political leaders, while the Sixth mendment only protects ordinary citizens.

33 62. epth of Knowledge: 1 One way federal government powers are limited is that the president can veto Supreme ourt decisions. state governors can nullify United States laws. ill of Rights protects the freedoms of citizens. state constitutions set qualifications for ongress. 63. epth of Knowledge: 2 n open and public political debate held in a city park is an example of people exercising freedom of religion and right to petition. freedom of speech and right to assemble. freedom of the press and right to due process. freedom of religion and the right to bear arms. 64. PSS 5.8 epth of Knowledge: 2 Which of the following was made possible by the ruling in Marbury v. Madison? The president can veto an act of ongress. The ongress can override a presidential veto. The ongress can impeach a Supreme ourt justice. The Supreme ourt can nullify a law passed by ongress.

34 65. epth of Knowledge: 1 In Mculloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme ourt supported the principle of popular sovereignty. implied powers. judicial review. states rights. 66. epth of Knowledge: 2 In Mculloch v. Maryland, the Supreme ourt ruled that voting can be completed in private. the U.S. ongress can regulate trade. federal laws are superior to state laws. the president can be sued by U.S. citizens. 67. PSS 5.9 epth of Knowledge: 2 Which demonstrated that executive power can be expanded by presidential actions? enactment of the Northwest Ordinance purchase of the Louisiana Territory establishing of the National ank organization of the Federalist Party

35 68. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which statement does the time line support? Great ritain won the last battle of the war. The war was fought entirely from battleships. The United States had Native merican allies. News was slow reaching military commanders.

36 69. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which was a cause of the War of 1812? The U.S. government claimed ritish territory. The ritish refused to respect neutral trading rights. The ritish navy attacked U.S. citizens living in Mexico. The United States refused to allow ritish ships in its ports. 70. PSS 6.2 epth of Knowledge: 2 Which was a result of the coming of the railroad? anals were built in the Southwest. Seaports next to railroads lost business. ities without railroads gained population. Markets were expanded for U.S. goods. 71. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which form of transportation was least affected by weather in the 1800s? canoe railroad stagecoach steamboat

37 72. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which is not a result of the innovation shown on the map above? reduced transportation costs creation of a national economy increased European immigration establishment of western settlements 73. PSS 6.3. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which statement best explains why the Southern economy was dependent on cotton by the 1850s? anks did not operate in the South. Industry was not developed in the South. Wool production was opposed in the South. Protective tariffs limited profits in the South.

38 74. epth of Knowledge: 2 One effect of Eli Whitney s cotton gin was that textile mills produced less cloth. wheat farmers planted fewer acres. cotton cloth became less expensive. plantation slaves worked fewer hours. 75. epth of Knowledge: 1 In the 1850s slavery was sustained by a growing European demand for Southern tea. sugar. cotton. tobacco. 76. PSS 6.4 epth of Knowledge: 2 Which was most responsible for sustaining slavery in the 19th century? the belief in a rigid social class structure the desire to educate frican mericans the demand for Southern farm products the need for profits to build railroads

39 77. epth of Knowledge: 2 Southern dependence on slavery before the ivil War resulted in slow industrial development in the South. a large immigrant population in the South. fast growth of universities in the South. a large middle class in the South. 78. epth of Knowledge: 2 My father was owned by a rich old boss named aptain ullmay e [The] Ulriches sold me when I was a girl to r. Odem and I worked in his field, spun thread to make cloth, pulled fodder [livestock food], and after a while he swapped me off for two boys. My new owner was Gilbert Faulkner I worked in de field for him until we was sot [set] free. nn Ulrich Evans, 1937 Which statement about Evans is supported by the quotation? She lived in the South. She owned a cotton farm. She learned to work in a textile mill. She used the Underground Railroad.

40 79. PSS 7.3. epth of Knowledge: 1 The Nullification risis of 1832 was directly related to the issue of slavery. the tariff. nationalism. a national bank. 80. epth of Knowledge: 2 Harry: s citizens of South arolina, we do not have to go along with laws passed by the federal government if we think they are unconstitutional. George: The Tariff of 1828 is unconstitutional and unfair to the Southern states. Tyler: ll states should have the power to veto laws of the national government. ased on this conversation, Harry, George, and Tyler would most likely support federalism. states rights. freedom of the press. separation of church and state.

41 81. epth of Knowledge: 1 efore the ivil War, Southerners argued that high tariffs protected the interests of Southern leaders. Southern farmers. Northern importers. Northern industrialists. 82. PSS 7.4 epth of Knowledge: 1 Why did President ndrew Jackson support the Indian Removal ct of 1830? to combine many treaties made with various tribes to show concern for Native merican customs to make more land available to white settlers to encourage Native merican exploration 83. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which president supported the idea of teaching Native mericans to become farmers? James Madison ndrew Jackson George Washington Thomas Jefferson

42 84. epth of Knowledge: 2 Frederick: The herokee are not U.S. citizens, so they cannot be taxed by the federal government. Suzanne: The influence of European culture will cause the hoctaw to lose their tribal identity. rian: The Mohawk can become successful cotton farmers in a very short time. Elizabeth: In a few generations, the Seminoles will be assimilated into our nation. Which person would most likely agree with ndrew Jackson s justification for the Indian Removal ct? Frederick Suzanne rian Elizabeth 85. PSS 8.2 epth of Knowledge: 1 The purpose of the Underground Railroad was to help slaves by teaching them literacy skills. offering them job opportunities in the West. assisting them in escaping to the North. encouraging them to govern themselves.

43 86. epth of Knowledge: 1 William Lloyd Garrison believed that slavery should be abolished immediately. decided in a national vote. viewed as an economic right. allowed in the western territories. 87. epth of Knowledge: 1 19th century abolitionists were opposed to the sale of alcoholic beverages. voting rights for frican mericans. laws to protect the rights of workers. the expansion of slavery from the South. 88. PSS 8.4 epth of Knowledge: 1 Which utopian community developed into a successful international corporation? rook Farm, M New Harmony, IN Oneida, NY Nauvoo, IL

44 89. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which event most influenced the formation of utopian communities like New Harmony and Oneida? Second Great wakening War of 1812 Nullification risis Mexican War 90. epth of Knowledge: 1 Robert Owen established New Harmony olony mainly because he wanted to show how religious belief could increase industrial profits. create a community based on the social theories of his father. profit from cheap labor in the United States. start an experimental prison in Indiana. 91. PSS 8.6 epth of Knowledge: 2 How did the abolition movement affect the women s suffrage movement in the 19th century? It benefited from experiences gained in the abolition movement. It broke up as disagreements emerged over the issue of slavery. It lost support as reformers put their energy into abolition. It succeeded in getting national legislation to end slavery.

45 92. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which woman is closely associated with women s suffrage? orothea ix bigail dams Susan. nthony Harriet Tubman 93. epth of Knowledge: 1 The woman whose work resulted in headlines like these was Lucretia Mott. orothea ix. Harriet Tubman. Susan. nthony.

46 94. PSS 9.1 epth of Knowledge: 2 In 1819, Secretary of State John Quincy dams described North merica as our proper dominion. What did he mean? The United States did not need to have a foreign policy. Negotiations would prevent future border disputes with anada and Mexico. The destiny of the United States was to expand throughout the entire continent. North merica was too vast and unfamiliar to be completely explored. 95. epth of Knowledge: 1 Which statement best explains the concept of Manifest estiny? The United States is entitled to control the continent. The United States should spread its culture around the world. The merican nation is filled with creative energy by immigration. The western territories will remain under Native merican control. 96. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which opinion was used to defend the idea of Manifest estiny? Native mericans will get rich from selling their land to settlers. The United States will have a civil war if it remains its current size. mericans have a duty to spread their culture to less fortunate people. The United States needs more wealth so that slavery can be abolished.

47 97. PSS 9.2 epth of Knowledge: 1 alifornia, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and most of rizona were part of the Oregon ountry. Mexican ession. Gadsden Purchase. Louisiana Purchase. 98. epth of Knowledge: 1 What is the name of the darker shaded area? ritish Territory Spanish Territory Mexican Territory Louisiana Territory

48 99. epth of Knowledge: 1 uring the 1840s the United States commitment to this concept led to conflicts with Mexico and ritain. France and Spain. anada and Russia. Spain and Mexico PSS 9.3 epth of Knowledge: 2 The Louisiana Purchase contributed to U.S. economic growth by supplying natural resources to the nation. reducing the foreign debt of the government. limiting the French presence in North merica. introducing Native merican foods to the world.

49 101. epth of Knowledge: 1 In 1804 the U.S. ongress approved the exploration of land from the western boundary of Louisiana to the Pacific Ocean. This expedition was led by Jim ridger. Meriwether Lewis and William lark. Kit arson and John Fremont. Zebulon Pike epth of Knowledge: 1 Which U. S. president was responsible for the Louisiana Purchase? John dams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe

50 103. PSS 9.5 epth of Knowledge: 2 Which was most responsible for increasing ethnic conflict in the United States in the 19th century? abolition nationalism temperance immigration 104. epth of Knowledge: 1 Where did most immigrants to the United States come from prior to the ivil War? Greece and Italy hina and Japan Mexico and Spain Great ritain and Ireland 105. epth of Knowledge: 2 Irish immigration to the United States led to increased Nativism in the 1840s because the Irish were Roman atholics. settling in urban areas. going west to farm. English speaking.

51 106. PSS 9.6 epth of Knowledge: 1 Who first explored the path that became known as the Oregon Trail? trappers English soldiers Pike and oone missionaries

52 107. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which trails provided the most direct route from Independence, MO to Los ngeles,? Oregon and Santa Fe Oregon and Mormon Mormon and Old Spanish Santa Fe and Old Spanish

53 108. epth of Knowledge: 2 The philosophy of Manifest estiny is most associated with an increased national pride. a decreased interest in Europe. a desire to eliminate slavery. an interest in smaller government PSS 9.8 epth of Knowledge: 2 Which statement is about the alifornia Gold Rush? Native mericans united to stop the prospectors. Native mericans viewed the migration as an invasion. Miners bought most of their land from Native mericans. Miners respected most of the treaties with Native mericans.

54 110. epth of Knowledge: 2 We Have No Place to Live The railroads are bringing the miner who looks for gold. The buffalo are disappearing from the plains. They are the food for the railroad workers and targets for the hunter. The soldiers come to destroy our settlements. We have no place to live so we are sent to the reservations. This Native merican is most likely describing Virginia. Texas. Oregon. olorado epth of Knowledge: 1 Which group benefited least from westward expansion? Irish immigrants merchants miners Native mericans

55 112. PSS 10.2 epth of Knowledge: 1 efore the ivil War, the economy of the South mostly depended on cotton exports to anada. Great ritain. Mexico. Spain epth of Knowledge: 2 Which was one reason that abolition was generally unpopular among northern businessmen? Many Southern farmers purchased slaves in the North. Many Southern leaders were originally from the North. Northern factories relied on the South for machine parts. Northern textile mills depended on the South for cotton epth of Knowledge: 1 The main way Southern leaders tried to maintain slavery before the ivil War was by importing more slaves to the South. investing in industries that needed slave labor. causing conflict between business and labor in the North. keeping a balance between the numbers of free and slave states.

56 115. PSS 10.4 epth of Knowledge: 1 How did passage of the Kansas-Nebraska ct increase tension between the North and the South? It financed southern slave owners with federal tax dollars. It approved a northern route for the transcontinental railroad. It permitted banks to borrow money from wealthy industrialists. It allowed the issue of slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty epth of Knowledge: 2 Now if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life and mingle my blood further with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel and unjust enactments, I say let it be done Which man most likely said these words? Henry lay John rown Robert E. Lee Stephen ouglas

57 117. epth of Knowledge: 2 Which statement describes a result of the red Scott decision? It strengthened the abolition movement in the North. It weakened the secession movement in the South. It promoted the election of braham Lincoln. It overturned the Fugitive Slave Law PSS 10.5 epth of Knowledge: 1 One result of the presidential election of 1860 was that Southern states seceded from the Union. The Electoral ollege was instituted. The Republican Party lost power. Nebraska became a slave state epth of Knowledge: 2 Many Southerners believed that the election of braham Lincoln would lead to additional slave states in the union. increased representation for slave states. secession of Southern states from the union. decreased industrialization in Southern States.

58 120. epth of Knowledge: 2 Southerners did not accept the presidency of braham Lincoln because he had no formal education. he had no experience with foreign affairs. they believed he was a threat to their way of life. they believed his supporters had rigged the election.

59 Grade 8 U. S. History to 1877 nswer Key