Name: Date: Class: The Antebellum Era ( ): TEST

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1 Name: Date: Class: The Antebellum Era ( ): TEST Part A: Multiple Choice: Instructions: Choose the option that answers the question or completes the sentence. 1. What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 accomplish? a. It created the Supreme Court b. It created the Presidency c. It stated Washington could form a Cabinet d. It paid of the debts of the American Revolution 2. Which statement below best represents a LOOSE interpretation of the Constitution? a. We are allowed to create a judicial branch because the Constitution says so. b. We are allowed to create a Federal Bank because the Constitution does not prohibit us from do so. c. We are allowed to create an executive branch because the Constitution says so. d. We are allowed to create a legislative branch because the Constitution says so. 3. Which statement below would most likely be made by a member of the Federalist Party? a. We need strong state governments in the Union. b. We need a strong central government to benefit the rich. c. The federal government must treat farmers well. d. All of the above would be views held by a Federalist. 4. Why did the Whiskey Rebellion occur? a. People in Pennsylvania rose up against a tax on whiskey. b. People in Pennsylvania were angry when alcohol was banned. c. People in Pennsylvania wanted whiskey banned due to Puritan religious values. d. People in Pennsylvania were angry that Britain refused to by whiskey from their region. 5. Which of the following was a response by Congress addressing the X, Y, Z affair? a. Congress dissolved the Supreme Court for corruption. b. Congress tried to impeach Washington. c. Congress created a navy department. d. Congress agreed to return to Britain if they could have representation in Parliament. 6. What political party strongly supported the Alien and Sedition Acts? a. The Whigs b. The Federalists c. The Democratic-Republicans d. The Know Nothing Party 7. Which two states declared a state of nullification against the Alien and Sedition Acts? a. North Carolina and New York b. Georgie and South Carolina c. Kentucky and Virginia d. Delaware and Connecticut

2 8. Thomas Jefferson oversaw the Purchase from France. a. California b. Missouri c. Louisiana d. Westward 9. Which statement below best describes Thomas Jefferson s view of how the government should function? a. The Federal government must be strong and controlled by the rich. b. The Federal government should be small, simple, and controlled by the people. c. The Federal government should be large, complex, and controlled by Congress. d. The Federal government should have a monarchy like Britain. 10. Who did Aaron Burr kill in a duel while he served as vice-president of the USA? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Napoleon Bonaparte c. Alexander Hamilton d. John Adams 11. Which men explored the Louisiana Purchase and travelled all the way to the Pacific Coast from ? a. Alexander Hamilton and Napoleon Bonaparte b. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson c. William Marbury and Aaron Burr d. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark 12. Which option below best defines judicial review? a. The right of the Supreme Court to declare actions unconstitutional b. The right of Congress to fire the president through impeachment c. The right of the President to veto any legislation he disagrees with that was passed in Congress. d. The right of the President to have a duel 13. Who was president when the War of 1812 began? a. George Washington b. Thomas Jefferson c. Andrew Jackson d. James Madison 14. What best explains why hostilities developed between the British and the USA in the War of 1812? a. Britain wanted control of Washington D.C. b. Britain was confiscating USA ships c. Britain never truly recognized the independence of the USA d. Britain was angry that America joined France in the American Revolution 15. What treaty ended the War of 1812? a. The Treaty of Paris b. The Treaty of New Orleans c. The Treaty of Garrison d. The Treaty of Ghent

3 16. Who wrote The Star Spangled Banner? a. Francis Scott Key b. James Madison c. Andrew Jackson d. William Lloyd Garrison 17. All of the following were results of the War of 1812 EXCEPT: a. The Federalist Party lost their influence b. Britain lost all land claims in Canada c. America manufactured more good d. The independence of the USA was confirmed 18. Which option below explains the social and economic difference between the North and South already present in the USA in the early 1800s? a. The North was becoming industrial and the South was remaining agrarian. b. The North mainly consisted of Antifederalists and the South consisted of Federalists. c. The North was an ally of Britain and the South supported Portugal. d. All of the above. 19. Who won the Election of 1824? a. Henry Clay b. Joseph Farewell Glidden c. John Quincy Adams d. Eli Whitney 20. Which choice explains why the slave population grew substantially from 1790 to 1820? a. The Federal government officially recognized the sale of slaves from state to state. b. The North had freed its slaves and they were sold to the South. c. The increase of shipping technology greatly increased the efficiency of the middle passage. d. The use of the cotton gin made slavery more profitable. 21. Which description explains why the Missouri Compromise came about? a. Northern states feared industry in Missouri would interfere with the profits they made by trading with the South. b. Small states argued the Senate was too powerful and needed a balance by creating the House of Representatives. c. Many citizens feared that allowing territories to become states would bring an imbalance to Congress. d. Andrew Jackson argued Henry Clay violated the Constitution in the corrupt bargain and that an investigation was needed. 22. Who won the election of 1828? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Henry Clay c. Andrew Jackson d. James Monroe

4 23. Which word below describes Andrew Jackson s opinion of the Second Federal Bank? a. Appreciative b. Unconcerned c. Disgust d. All of the above 24. What atrocity came about as a result of the Indian Removal Acts? a. The declaration that Native Americans could no longer practice their religious beliefs. b. The Trail of Tears. c. The quartering of American soldiers in Indian reservations in Maine. d. All of the above. 25. What choice below explains why many in South Carolina were angry over tariffs during Jackson s presidency? a. The tariffs benefited only agrarian economies. b. The tariffs disrupted trade with Britain. c. The tariffs ensured that slaves were only counted as 3/5 of a person. d. The tariffs were only placed on South Carolina, while other states did not have to follow them. 26. What was the religious belief that God wanted America to expand west? a. Theocratic Determination b. Reformed Puritanism c. Constitutional Monarchism d. Manifest Destiny 27. What route did many take to travel west during the era of Westward Expansion in the USA? a. The Utah Trail b. The Oklahoma Trail c. The Oregon Trail d. The Missouri Trail 28. All of the following were reasons people expanded west during Westward Expansion in the USA EXCEPT: a. The abundance of land b. The opportunity to mine for gold c. The favorable job opportunities in Boston d. The economic troubles of the East 29. Which option below explains why Mexico invited many Americans to settle in Texas? a. They thought the white Americans would remove the Native Americans. b. They feared the British possession of New Orleans would lead to conflict. c. They wanted the Americans to bring stability to the region. d. All of the above.

5 30. Which man below was a leader in the attempt of Texas to gain its independence by going to war with Mexico? a. Brigham Young b. Andrew Jackson c. Joseph Smith d. Stephen Austin 31. Why was the Battle of the Alamo significant in Texas struggle for independence? a. It was a strategic location in which many people seeking independence were able to block Mexican forces from crossing the Rio Grande River. b. It was a decisive victory for Colonel William Travis c. When Stephen Austin defeated the Mexican forces, the USA finally gave him support. d. It was a defeat against the independence movement, but enraged many to avenge those that died in the fort. 32. Which option below describes the attitudes and opinions of many in California during the Mexican- American War? a. They felt like the United States would abandon them if they outlawed slavery. b. They felt like Mexico favored Texas over them and wanted to be an official part of Mexico. c. Many in California wanted Texas and Utah to unite with them to form a new nation. d. Many in California wanted to break away from Mexico. 33. Which treaty ended the Mexican-American War? a. The Treaty of the Rio Grande b. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo c. The Treaty of the Alamo d. The Treaty of Velasco 34. Which of the following describes an entrepreneur? a. A common worker who got a raise in salary b. A president elected by the people c. A king who inherited his power d. A business leader who made a profit 35. What greatly increased in the USA in the mid-1800s? a. Immigration b. Transportation c. Factories d. All of the above 36. Which explanation explains why Irish immigrants experienced discrimination? a. The Irish competed for jobs that many people wanted. b. The Irish refused to help the USA in the American Revolution. c. The Irish were at war with France, a strong ally of the USA. d. All of the above

6 37. What type of person would have benefited from the Supreme Court case Commonwealth vs. Hunt? a. A rich aristocrat b. A wealthy business owner c. A common factory worker d. A high ranking federal judge 38. Who wrote Uncle Tom s Cabin? a. Susan B. Anthony b. Harriet Beecher Stowe c. Harriet Tubman d. Elizabeth Cady Stanton 39. Which option below explains how William Lloyd Garrison influenced the abolitionist movement? a. He helped Nat Turner initiate a successful slave rebellion. b. He trained conductors on how to use the Underground Railroad. c. He helped the ideas of the Abolitionist movement spread through print. d. He helped Frederick Douglas escape slavery. 40. How did many white slave owners respond to Nat Turner s slave rebellion? a. They finally saw how cruel and wicked slavery was and set many slaves free. b. They set Nat Turner free simply to remove him from causing another slave rebellion. c. They agreed to allocate land to the slaves for a commitment to not pursue rebellion in the future. d. They used the incident as propaganda against the abolitionist movement. 41. Which option below explains the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe on the abolitionist movement? a. She strongly asserted that violence was needed to end slavery. b. She got Abraham Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. c. She provoked the emotions of many people to have compassion for slaves. d. All of the above. 42. Which movement is Elizabeth Cady Stanton most associated with? a. The movement of Women s Rights b. The movement of to encourage the South to leave the USA c. The movement of Farmers Rights d. The movement to abolish the Articles of Confederation. 43. Which option explains why the Missouri Compromise was not be able to calm the tension of California becoming a state? a. California threated to reunite with Mexico if they had to free their slaves. b. California s territory was too expansive to meet the requirements of the compromise. c. California already had slaves and refused to free them. d. California s legislators voted to not recognize the Missouri Compromise when it was created. 44. What did the North agree to do in the Compromise of 1850? a. The North allowed Maine to become a slave state. b. The North allowed the Missouri Compromise to be passed as law. c. The North agreed to follow the fugitive state law more strictly. d. The North agreed to Punish Charles Sumner for his violent outburst.

7 45. Which city was set up as the anti-slavery capital of Kansas? a. Kansas City b. Lecompton c. Topeka d. Houston 46. Which political party below consisted mostly of anti-slavery followers? a. The Whigs b. The Democrats c. The Republicans d. The Know Nothing Party 47. Abraham Lincoln debated over the issue of Popular Sovereignty in Illinois. a. Roger Taney b. Dred Scott c. Stephen Douglas d. Andrew Johnson 48. Which option below explains why the Dred Scott Decision was a setback for the abolitionist movement? a. The decision asserted that owners of slaves did not have to free them regardless of where they lived. b. The decision concluded that it was legal to execute John Brown. c. The decision gave African males rights, but denied these rights to African females in the South. d. The decision outlawed the Underground Railroad. 49. Which option below explains the main reason South Carolina left the union? a. The leaders of the state were angry that Lincoln became president. b. The leaders of the state were distressed that John Brown was not put to death. c. The leaders of the state were upset that Pennsylvania had to free the slaves in their area. d. The leaders of the state were troubled that Stephen Douglas did not win his debate in Illinois. 50. Why is Harper s Ferry, Virginia a significant area in the history of the abolitionist movement? a. This area is where Lincoln had his famous debates on Popular Sovereignty. b. Dred Scott was forced to live there by his master. c. A failed slave rebellion took place there. d. This was the location where William Lloyd Garrison published and distributed The Liberator.

8 Part B: Short Answer: Instructions: Answer the questions below. Word Bank of terms to discuss in your answer: The Missouri Compromise, The Compromise of 1850, The Underground Railroad, industry, agriculture 1. How did the abolitionist movement cause division in the nation of the USA in the Antebellum Era? How did the economies of the North and South impact the views that people had in these areas on the issue of abolitionism? Within your answer, you MUST explain how the terms above impacted the movement. Circle the words from the word bank as you use them. Frederick Douglas Harriet Tubman Harriet Beecher Stowe John Brown 2. Choose two individuals from the list above. Explain the contribution of these two individuals toward the movement of abolitionism.

9 ANSWERS: The Antebellum Era ( ): TEST Part A: Multiple Choice: Instructions: Choose the option that answers the question or completes the sentence. 1. What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 accomplish? a. It created the Supreme Court b. It created the Presidency c. It stated Washington could form a Cabinet d. It paid of the debts of the American Revolution 2. Which statement below best represents a LOOSE interpretation of the Constitution? a. We are allowed to create a judicial branch because the Constitution says so. b. We are allowed to create a Federal Bank because the Constitution does not prohibit us from do so. c. We are allowed to create an executive branch because the Constitution says so. d. We are allowed to create a legislative branch because the Constitution says so. 3. Which statement below would most likely be made by a member of the Federalist Party? a. We need strong state governments in the Union. b. We need a strong central government to benefit the rich. c. The federal government must treat farmers well. d. All of the above would be views held by a Federalist. 4. Why did the Whiskey Rebellion occur? a. People in Pennsylvania rose up against a tax on whiskey. b. People in Pennsylvania were angry when alcohol was banned. c. People in Pennsylvania wanted whiskey banned due to Puritan religious values. d. People in Pennsylvania were angry that Britain refused to by whiskey from their region. 5. Which of the following was a response by Congress addressing the X, Y, Z affair? a. Congress dissolved the Supreme Court for corruption. b. Congress tried to impeach Washington. c. Congress created a navy department. d. Congress agreed to return to Britain if they could have representation in Parliament. 6. What political party strongly supported the Alien and Sedition Acts? a. The Whigs b. The Federalists c. The Democratic-Republicans d. The Know Nothing Party 7. Which two states declared a state of nullification against the Alien and Sedition Acts? a. North Carolina and New York b. Georgie and South Carolina c. Kentucky and Virginia d. Delaware and Connecticut

10 8. Thomas Jefferson oversaw the Purchase from France. a. California b. Missouri c. Louisiana d. Westward 9. Which statement below best describes Thomas Jefferson s view of how the government should function? a. The Federal government must be strong and controlled by the rich. b. The Federal government should be small, simple, and controlled by the people. c. The Federal government should be large, complex, and controlled by Congress. d. The Federal government should have a monarchy like Britain. 10. Who did Aaron Burr kill in a duel while he served as vice-president of the USA? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Napoleon Bonaparte c. Alexander Hamilton d. John Adams 11. Which men explored the Louisiana Purchase and travelled all the way to the Pacific Coast from ? a. Alexander Hamilton and Napoleon Bonaparte b. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson c. William Marbury and Aaron Burr d. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark 12. Which option below best defines judicial review? a. The right of the Supreme Court to declare actions unconstitutional b. The right of Congress to fire the president through impeachment c. The right of the President to veto any legislation he disagrees with that was passed in Congress. d. The right of the President to have a duel 13. Who was president when the War of 1812 began? a. George Washington b. Thomas Jefferson c. Andrew Jackson d. James Madison 14. What best explains why hostilities developed between the British and the USA in the War of 1812? a. Britain wanted control of Washington D.C. b. Britain was confiscating USA ships c. Britain never truly recognized the independence of the USA d. Britain was angry that America joined France in the American Revolution 15. What treaty ended the War of 1812? a. The Treaty of Paris b. The Treaty of New Orleans c. The Treaty of Garrison d. The Treaty of Ghent

11 16. Who wrote The Star Spangled Banner? a. Francis Scott Key b. James Madison c. Andrew Jackson d. William Lloyd Garrison 17. All of the following were results of the War of 1812 EXCEPT: a. The Federalist Party lost their influence b. Britain lost all land claims in Canada c. America manufactured more good d. The independence of the USA was confirmed 18. Which option below explains the social and economic difference between the North and South already present in the USA in the early 1800s? a. The North was becoming industrial and the South was remaining agrarian. b. The North mainly consisted of Antifederalists and the South consisted of Federalists. c. The North was an ally of Britain and the South supported Portugal. d. All of the above. 19. Who won the Election of 1824? a. Henry Clay b. Joseph Farewell Glidden c. John Quincy Adams d. Eli Whitney 20. Which choice explains why the slave population grew substantially from 1790 to 1820? a. The Federal government officially recognized the sale of slaves from state to state. b. The North had freed its slaves and they were sold to the South. c. The increase of shipping technology greatly increased the efficiency of the middle passage. d. The use of the cotton gin made slavery more profitable. 21. Which description explains why the Missouri Compromise came about? a. Northern states feared industry in Missouri would interfere with the profits they made by trading with the South. b. Small states argued the Senate was too powerful and needed a balance by creating the House of Representatives. c. Many citizens feared that allowing territories to become states would bring an imbalance to Congress. d. Andrew Jackson argued Henry Clay violated the Constitution in the corrupt bargain and that an investigation was needed. 22. Who won the election of 1828? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Henry Clay c. Andrew Jackson d. James Monroe

12 23. Which word below describes Andrew Jackson s opinion of the Second Federal Bank? a. Appreciative b. Unconcerned c. Disgust d. All of the above 24. What atrocity came about as a result of the Indian Removal Acts? a. The declaration that Native Americans could no longer practice their religious beliefs. b. The Trail of Tears. c. The quartering of American soldiers in Indian reservations in Maine. d. All of the above. 25. What choice below explains why many in South Carolina were angry over tariffs during Jackson s presidency? a. The tariffs benefited only agrarian economies. b. The tariffs disrupted trade with Britain. c. The tariffs ensured that slaves were only counted as 3/5 of a person. d. The tariffs were only placed on South Carolina, while other states did not have to follow them. 26. What was the religious belief that God wanted America to expand west? a. Theocratic Determination b. Reformed Puritanism c. Constitutional Monarchism d. Manifest Destiny 27. What route did many take to travel west during the era of Westward Expansion in the USA? a. The Utah Trail b. The Oklahoma Trail c. The Oregon Trail d. The Missouri Trail 28. All of the following were reasons people expanded west during Westward Expansion in the USA EXCEPT: a. The abundance of land b. The opportunity to mine for gold c. The favorable job opportunities in Boston d. The economic troubles of the East 29. Which option below explains why Mexico invited many Americans to settle in Texas? a. They thought the white Americans would remove the Native Americans. b. They feared the British possession of New Orleans would lead to conflict. c. They wanted the Americans to bring stability to the region. d. All of the above.

13 30. Which man below was a leader in the attempt of Texas to gain its independence by going to war with Mexico? a. Brigham Young b. Andrew Jackson c. Joseph Smith d. Stephen Austin 31. Why was the Battle of the Alamo significant in Texas struggle for independence? a. It was a strategic location in which many people seeking independence were able to block Mexican forces from crossing the Rio Grande River. b. It was a decisive victory for Colonel William Travis c. When Stephen Austin defeated the Mexican forces, the USA finally gave him support. d. It was a defeat against the independence movement, but enraged many to avenge those that died in the fort. 32. Which option below describes the attitudes and opinions of many in California during the Mexican- American War? a. They felt like the United States would abandon them if they outlawed slavery. b. They felt like Mexico favored Texas over them and wanted to be an official part of Mexico. c. Many in California wanted Texas and Utah to unite with them to form a new nation. d. Many in California wanted to break away from Mexico. 33. Which treaty ended the Mexican-American War? a. The Treaty of the Rio Grande b. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo c. The Treaty of the Alamo d. The Treaty of Velasco 34. Which of the following describes an entrepreneur? a. A common worker who got a raise in salary b. A president elected by the people c. A king who inherited his power d. A business leader who made a profit 35. What greatly increased in the USA in the mid-1800s? a. Immigration b. Transportation c. Factories d. All of the above 36. Which explanation explains why Irish immigrants experienced discrimination? a. The Irish competed for jobs that many people wanted. b. The Irish refused to help the USA in the American Revolution. c. The Irish were at war with France, a strong ally of the USA. d. All of the above

14 37. What type of person would have benefited from the Supreme Court case Commonwealth vs. Hunt? a. A rich aristocrat b. A wealthy business owner c. A common factory worker d. A high ranking federal judge 38. Who wrote Uncle Tom s Cabin? a. Susan B. Anthony b. Harriet Beecher Stowe c. Harriet Tubman d. Elizabeth Cady Stanton 39. Which option below explains how William Lloyd Garrison influenced the abolitionist movement? a. He helped Nat Turner initiate a successful slave rebellion. b. He trained conductors on how to use the Underground Railroad. c. He helped the ideas of the Abolitionist movement spread through print. d. He helped Frederick Douglas escape slavery. 40. How did many white slave owners respond to Nat Turner s slave rebellion? a. They finally saw how cruel and wicked slavery was and set many slaves free. b. They set Nat Turner free simply to remove him from causing another slave rebellion. c. They agreed to allocate land to the slaves for a commitment to not pursue rebellion in the future. d. They used the incident as propaganda against the abolitionist movement. 41. Which option below explains the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe on the abolitionist movement? a. She strongly asserted that violence was needed to end slavery. b. She got Abraham Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. c. She provoked the emotions of many people to have compassion for slaves. d. All of the above. 42. Which movement is Elizabeth Cady Stanton most associated with? a. The movement of Women s Rights b. The movement of to encourage the South to leave the USA c. The movement of Farmers Rights d. The movement to abolish the Articles of Confederation. 43. Which option explains why the Missouri Compromise was not be able to calm the tension of California becoming a state? a. California threated to reunite with Mexico if they had to free their slaves. b. California s territory was too expansive to meet the requirements of the compromise. c. California already had slaves and refused to free them. d. California s legislators voted to not recognize the Missouri Compromise when it was created. 44. What did the North agree to do in the Compromise of 1850? a. The North allowed Maine to become a slave state. b. The North allowed the Missouri Compromise to be passed as law. c. The North agreed to follow the fugitive state law more strictly. d. The North agreed to Punish Charles Sumner for his violent outburst.

15 45. Which city was set up as the anti-slavery capital of Kansas? a. Kansas City b. Lecompton c. Topeka d. Houston 46. Which political party below consisted mostly of anti-slavery followers? a. The Whigs b. The Democrats c. The Republicans d. The Know Nothing Party 47. Abraham Lincoln debated over the issue of Popular Sovereignty in Illinois. a. Roger Taney b. Dred Scott c. Stephen Douglas d. Andrew Johnson 48. Which option below explains why the Dred Scott Decision was a setback for the abolitionist movement? a. The decision asserted that owners of slaves did not have to free them regardless of where they lived. b. The decision concluded that it was legal to execute John Brown. c. The decision gave African males rights, but denied these rights to African females in the South. d. The decision outlawed the Underground Railroad. 49. Which option below explains the main reason South Carolina left the union? a. The leaders of the state were angry that Lincoln became president. b. The leaders of the state were distressed that John Brown was not put to death. c. The leaders of the state were upset that Pennsylvania had to free the slaves in their area. d. The leaders of the state were troubled that Stephen Douglas did not win his debate in Illinois. 50. Why is Harper s Ferry, Virginia a significant area in the history of the abolitionist movement? a. This area is where Lincoln had his famous debates on Popular Sovereignty. b. Dred Scott was forced to live there by his master. c. A failed slave rebellion took place there. d. This was the location where William Lloyd Garrison published and distributed The Liberator.

16 Part B: Short Answer: Instructions: Answer the questions below. Word Bank of terms to discuss in your answer: The Missouri Compromise, The Compromise of 1850, The Underground Railroad, industry, agriculture 1. How did the abolitionist movement cause division in the nation of the USA in the Antebellum Era? How did the economies of the North and South impact the views that people had in these areas on the issue of abolitionism? Within your answer, you MUST explain how the terms above impacted the movement. Circle the words from the word bank as you use them. The abolitionist movement was a movement in which many wanted to abolish slavery. The abolitionist movement caused division because some citizens wanted to see the slaves set free and others wanted to continue slavery. The North had an economy based on industry and did not directly need slavery, though they were indirectly dependent on the system by getting resources from the South. This created an atmosphere in which abolitionist sentiments spread widely in the North. The South had an economy based on agriculture that used forced human labor to keep this system going. Therefore, many in the South were in favor of keeping slavery. Many feared that, if western territories became states, it would tip the balance of power in the legislative branch to the North or South based on whether the new state would be free or have slavery. The Missouri Compromise said that states above would be free and states below it could have slaves. This failed when California wanted in the union since the state stretched over both areas in the compromise. The Compromise of 1850 said the North would help the South by following the fugitive state law more closely by stopping runaway slaves on the Underground Railroad and California could become a free state. Frederick Douglas Harriet Tubman Harriet Beecher Stowe John Brown 2. Choose two individuals from the list above. Explain the contribution of these two individuals toward the movement of abolitionism. (The students choose two individuals, but here are the answers for all.) Frederick Douglas was a runaway slave who strongly supported the abolitionist movement. His personal experience with the evil system of slavery made him an ideal advocate for the cause. Harriet Tubman was a conductor on the Underground Railroad. She escaped from the South and gained her freedom as a runaway slave. Then, she returned to the South many times to help others gain freedom. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom s Cabin. It was a work of fiction. However, the book exposed the real evils of slavery. It helped to appeal to the emotions of many to have sympathy and compassion for the slaves. John Brown felt that only violence would bring about the abolishment of slavery. He tried to lead a revolt at Harper s Ferry, Virginia and start a slave rebellion. He failed and was executed.