Houston THE FACTS ECONOMY AND LABOUR FORCE. Houston Arts Alliance

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1 THE FCTS City: -Sugar Land-aytown, TX MS Major Cities:, Sugar Land, aytown Country: United States of merica Population: 5,595,262 (2010) Population Density: 3,000/km 2 Sex Profile: 50%M : 50%F (2012) Governance Structure: The city is run by a city council headed by a mayor. The mayor and each of the 15 council members are elected by the citizens. Of the 15 council members, 11 are elected from districts and 5 are elected at large. ge Profile: Years Share % % % ECONOMY ND LOUR FORCE Occupational Typology (C/S/W): 33.0% / 42.0% / 24.0% Top Employers: Company Employment Memorial Hermann Healthcare System 19,500 Continental irlines, Inc. 16,000 The University of Texas M.D. nderson Cancer Center 15,000 ExxonMobil 13,000 Shell Oil Company 13,000 Kroger Company 12,000 National Oilwell Varco 10,000 The Methodist Hospital 9,991 University of Texas Medical ranch at Galveston 9,318 aylor College of Medicine 9,232 rts lliance The rts lliance is a non-profit organization in, which aims to increase, promote and assist the arts scene in. y distributing over $3 million dollars in grants the H is attempting to increase the arts scene in. These grants are generally received by non-profit arts organizations or individuals artist in order promote new art throughout the city and allow local artists to flourish. Furthermore, the H has begun to manage the city s civic art collection, which consists of artistic pieces throughout the city. Through this management they are responsible for maintaining the artwork as well as providing new pieces. The H can be thought of as a think tank for the arts, as its goal is to research and discover new ways for the arts scene to flourish in. y proving opportunities for local artists and art organizations to promote and create their art, can begin to enhance its creativity and continue to further develop their arts scene.

2 Labour Force Distribution by Sector: Industry Proportion of Total Natural Resources and Mining 3.02% Construction 7.53% Manufacturing 9.01% Trade, transportation and Utilities 21.0% Information 1.78% Financial ctivities 5.94% Professional and usiness Services 14.0% Leisure and Hospitality 8.49% Other Services 4.12% Government 13.9% GDP: $243,670M USD Economic Growth Rate: etween the years of the -Sugar Land-aytown MS GDP grew at a rate of 0.5%. 2

3 TLENT SCORECRD Talent Score Justification Educated Population: K 8 (Primary) Educated Population: 9 12 (Secondary) Educated Population: Post-secondary Educational Institutions: College Educational Institutions: University % of the MS population 25 years or older has less than a 9th grade education as their highest level of education. Currently, 44.4% of the population aged 3 years and older is enrolled in primary school. 80.6% of the MS population aged 25 or older has a high school degree or higher. On a global scale, 80.6% is a high graduation rate, however, when compared to other cities in the United States it is considered lower. 28.4% of the MS population aged 25 years or older has a achelor s degree or higher. has three community colleges; Community College System (6 campuses), Lone Star College System (5 campuses), and San Jacinto College. However, none were ranked on Washington Weekly s list of the top 50 community colleges in merica. is home to four public universities; University of, University of -Clear Lake, University of -Downtown and Texas Southern University. The University of is ranked as the 4th best university in Texas and ranked as one of the 50 best research institutes in merica. Rice University is a private university in Texas. It was ranked as the 3rd best university in Texas and ranked 117th overall on Top Universities World University ranking, which ranks the world s top 400 universities. aylor College of Medicine is also located in and US News ranked aylor 21 out of 86 ranked medical schools in the US. Education Spending + State spending on education in Texas is 1.45% of the GDP and local spending on education throughout the state is 4.12%. Creative Class Share + 33% of the population is a part of the Creative Class. Overall score for talent Texas has a variety of universities ranked in the top half of universities worldwide. Enrollment and attainment in primary and secondary level of education is high when ranked on a global scale but lower when compared to other global cities in the United States. Therefore, education in receives a as it is not exceptional but acceptable when compared to other cities on a global scale. 3

4 TECHNOLOGY SCORECRD Technology Score Justification Patents + Innovation - etween the years of 2006 and 2010 the -Sugar Land-aytown MS distributed a total of 8,817 utility patents. This total places them at 13th, behind Detroit and Dallas, but in front of Philadelphia and Washington, based on the number of patents distributed between those years. In 2006, the MS distributed 1,781 patents. From the MS s patent output lowered to the 1,600s. However, in 2010 it increased to 2,190. is the world s centre for petrochemicals, as it is rich in oil. is home to over 3,300 energy related organizations, including research facilities. Over the last century, some of these research facilities discovered a number of breakthrough exploration, extraction and sustainable distribution methods. Therefore, is a leader in not only the exploration, extraction, and distribution of oil but also in the innovation behind its methods and use. receives an - as it is very innovative in the oil category, however beyond that there is no evidence of other forms of innovation. Job Growth s of 2006, rates second among the 10 most populous areas in the United States for job growth. Forbes magazine ranked as the first in Texas and the third in the United States on their list of the est Places for usiness and Careers. From March 2011, 82,300 jobs have been added in the MS, which is an increase of 3.2%. This is almost double the national rate, which has risen 1.5% from March Creative Class Share + 33% of the population is a part of the Creative Class. High-Tech Index + While ustin is known as the high-tech capital of Texas and was ranked 5th on the Technology Index (Florida, 2012). is home to a vast number of research centres and technology forums, such as the dvanced Research Center (HRC), which is a research and development firm that looks at energy and sustainable development in order to foster the implementation of new technologies. has always been known as an energy city and therefore this increased demand for clean and sustainable energy allowed technology jobs in to increase by 149%. Furthermore, in 2001 beat out Silicon Valley for the highest increase in technology jobs throughout the nation. receives a + as they are not a technology hub yet, but are on the rise to becoming one in the near future. 4

5 Technology Score Justification Sustainability/ Green Economy - has many research centres. The dvanced Research Center is a not-for-profit organization that conducts research on topics such as sustainability solutions, water, air & climate, clean energy, environmental health, etc. lso, s job growth in the tech sector is quite important. ranked number one by CyberCoders in the usiness Journal as the city with the top job growth in the technology sector; this is due to vast job growth in green technology. Furthermore, is striving towards sustainable energy through Green, a sector of the government that aims to make a greener city through the implantation of environmental events and projects. For example, The Green Office Challenge is a competition among office tenants throughout the city on who can be greener. Entrepreneurship - The Kauffman Foundation of Entrepreneurship ranked as having the highest level of entrepreneurial activity among largest metro areas in The Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial ctivity ranks the 15 largest MSs in their concentration of entrepreneurs. In 2010, had 400 entrepreneurs per 100,000 of the population; in comparison, New York had 420 and Los ngeles had 580. oston had 269 entrepreneurs and San Francisco had 370 entrepreneurs per 100,000 people. Overall score for technology + has extensive job growth, high rates of entrepreneurship and is striving towards sustainable energy. However, their high-tech industry that is on the rise is still not as developed as other global cities. 5

6 TOLERNCE SCORECRD Tolerance Score Justification Diversity is one of the most diverse areas in the United States with a residential breakdown of 41.7% white, 34.3% hispanic, 16.5% black, and 7.5% sian or of other descent. Immigration - In 2009, there was an estimated 1.28 million foreign-born residents living in, representing 21.8% of the population. Of these 1.28 million foreign-born residents the majority (46.1%) was from Mexico. Following that, 22.8% were from sia, 15.3% were from Central merica, 4.9% were from Europe, 4.2% were from South merica, 3.9% were from frica, and 3.3% were from other areas. Visible Minority Integration lthough whites still make up a majority of s population, its minority populations together account for more than half of its the entire population. Hispanics are the largest visible minority at 34.3% due to the close proximity of to the Mexican border. The Mayor s Office of Immigrant and Refugee ffairs (MOIR) was established in 2001 and provides immigrants with assistance in integration. This office advises the mayor on immigrant issues, informs the public on issues involving immigrants, publishes multi-lingual brochures for immigrants and organizes and supports immigrant s activities within their community. More specifically programs in the past have included, citizenship programs to help immigrants gain citizenship, English classes, monthly newsletters to inform immigrants on city events and services etc. Multiculturalism C+, due to its very diverse population, is especially accepting of immigrants and individuals of different race and ethnicity. However, there is an underlying assumption that these immigrants will assimilate to merican culture. Gay and Lesbian Population C+ Texas is a state known for its aversion to homosexuality. In 2005, an amendment was made to the Texas constitution which banned all gay marriages throughout the state. Furthermore, many forms of discrimination toward the LGTQ community is still legal in and throughout the state., compared to the rest of Texas, is more tolerant and accepting of the LGTQ community. In 2009, the city elected their first openly gay mayor, nnise Parker. lthough this election marks a huge stride in gay tolerance, compared to many other global cities is still very intolerant and discriminatory towards the LGTQ community. receives a C+ in this category as they have made strides towards acceptance but are still far behind many other global cities. 6

7 Tolerance Score Justification Religious Diversity C+ Openness - s religious diversity is as follows: 36.1% Catholic, 28.3% Southern aptist, 10.0% Methodist, 8.5% Other mainline Christian, 2.8% Muslim, 2.6% Charismatic and 11.8% Other. receives a C+ because a majority of the religions are Christian based, the only minority is the 2.8% of Muslims. Traditionally, cities throughout Texas have not been very open. Throughout history there have been strong laws in Texas banning homosexuality and abortions as well as strong feelings about the Christian religion, causing Texas to be very much closed-minded. However, in recent years, has made some strides to change that. They are currently the most diverse city in merica with an openly gay mayor and legalized abortion. However, gay marriage is still illegal and forms of Christianity still make-up the dominant religions. Therefore, has begun to change from their formally closed society; however they are still not as open to differences as other global cities. Civil Rights The United States Constitution guarantees freedom, individual rights and liberties for all US citizens. The merican Civil Liberties Union of Texas works throughout Texas to preserve and enforce this freedom and the rights of all individuals in Texas. Personal Privacy, religious liberties, freedom from unconstitutional discrimination are some examples of aspects that merican Civil Liberties Union of Texas advocates for on behalf of Texas citizens. ohemians C+ The bohemian population in is not very large, as it is not a city known for its artistic appeal or availability of artistic space. However, the Montrose district of the city would be considered the artistic centre. The area is home to galleries and museums as well as tattoo parlours, antique shops, junk shops and other interesting boutiques and stores as well as affordable housing. Therefore, for the small number of bohemians that do reside in, this is the area that would attract them. Overall score for tolerance is said to be the most diverse city in the United States with its minorities making up more than half of the population. Therefore, it is evident that is very tolerant of immigrants and individuals of different race and ethnicity. However, does not have a very large bohemian or LGTQ population. is not known as a very artistic city, which deters artistic individuals from coming. Texas as a state is not very tolerant of the LGTQ community, is the most tolerant of this community in Texas but they still are not as tolerant as other global cities. 7

8 MENITIES ND QULITY OF PLCE SCORECRD menities and Quality of Place The SOs (Symphony, Opera, allet) Museums Entertainment and Nightlife Crime Rate Recreation Facilities Score - C Justification is home to resident companies in all three SOs. The Symphony, founded in 1913, is one of merica s oldest symphonies. The allet was named one of merica s best ballet companies by The New York Times and is merica s fourth largest ballet. The Grand Opera was founded in ll three SOs have gained international status. The Museum District is one of the largest museum regions in the United States. It is home to 18 museums all within walking distance from each other and includes a wide range of museums including the Museum of Fine rts, the Museum of Natural Sciences, the Health Museum, the Holocaust Museum and many more. is home to five nightlife districts, each offering an array of nightclubs, bars, restaurants and entertainment. The Downtown district houses a four-block area known as the Pavilions, which has the House of lues, a piano bar and numerous restaurants. Washington venue is home to upscale luxury lounges and wine bars. Midtown is the area of most known for its nightlife and attracts much of the young generation in. Nightlife and entertainment in appeals to a variety of people and age groups. ccording to the US Department of Justice, the - Sugar Land-aytown MS has a high rate of violent crimes at per 100,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the murder rate was 7.9 per 100,000 inhabitants and the rate of property theft was 4,120.8 per 100,000. In comparison, the rate of violent crime in other large cities, such as New York was per 100,000 with a murder rate of 4.1 and a property theft rate of per 100,000. These rates are considerably lower than that of. is a city that loves sports and boasts a number of professional, minor and college teams. The Rockets are a part of the National asketball ssociation, the stros are a part of the ML (Major League aseball), and s National Football team is the Texans. is also home to over 100 public and private championship quality golf courses for recreational use by residents and tourists. Furthermore, s Theatre District is home to 8 performing arts organizations with over 12,000 seats; only New York City has more seats located in one geographical area. This offers residents and tourists access to a variety of shows, concerts, and other arts performances. Lastly, is home to the Livestock Show and Rodeo, the largest rodeo in the world. 8

9 menities and Quality of Place Neighbourhoods Score Justification has developed what they call the Super Neighbourhood Initiative. is divided up into 88 Super Neighbourhoods, each with a Super Neighbourhood Council made up of residents and stakeholders. The council works together and with the other residents to discuss issues, plan projects and events for the area, create goals and develop an action plan for the area in order to meet these goals. The aim of this initiative is to improve the quality of life within their neighbourhoods by creating strong relationships within the communities. Scenes C+ does not have a big arts scene or LGTQ scene. s mentioned before, the Montrose District houses the artistic scene in, but it is not as extensive as arts districts in other cities. Furthermore, aside from this district, this arts scene and LGTQ scene are lacking in the city. Public Transit METRO is the public transit system in. The system includes the METRO us, METRORail, and the METROLift. The METRO us system currently has 1,230 buses of which 443 are diesel-hybrid. The METRORail is 7.5 miles of rail with 16 stops and 18 trains. The rail system runs through the city providing access to a majority of the employment, recreational, educational, and medical centres running between 4:30 a.m. and midnight every day, with some slight time changes on weekends. The METROLift system provides public transit services for disabled persons consisting of pre-scheduled, curb-to-curb service. Walkscore ranked s public transit system 17 out of 25 of the largest US cities, with cities such as San Francisco, oston, New York, and Washington placing above it. However, taking into consideration the population of the city, the public transit system is not extensive enough to provide efficient transportation for everyone. ike Paths - has over 300 miles of interconnected bicycle networks covering 500 square miles. The networks include bike lanes, routes and shared-use paths (called bike and hike trails). These networks are generally used for transportation around the city. However also contains over 80 miles of bike and hike trails throughout parks for recreational use. is being featured as merica s future bicycling capital. receives an - in this category as it is not yet the bicycling capital of merica and still has to overcome cities such as ustin, Seattle and Chicago. 9

10 menities and Quality of Place Civic Capital (NGOs, Non-Profits) uilt Form Investment Infrastructure (Utilities, Roads, etc.) Overall score for amenities and quality of place Score - Justification In 2012, was named as the US urban area with the best-performing non-profit organizations by Charity Navigator s annual study. The study looked at the assets, contribution, expenses and accountability of charities throughout the cities. The most notable factor of s charities was they were growing at a faster rate than charities in any other city. The architecture in is symbolic of its change from a medium-sized southern city, to a large merican metropolis in the late 1920s. Modernistic architecture is visible throughout the city it two forms, rt Deco and rt Moderne and is especially evident in two of the city s tallest buildings. These two buildings evidently were the first two buildings in the city to be built in modernist style, the Niels Esperson uilding and the Gulf uilding. Modernist architecture can be found all over the city in areas that were constructed before the 1950s but is generally found to be present in commercial, industrial or apartment structures. The Greater Preservation lliance is an organization aimed at increasing awareness and appreciation of these structures as well as preserving and protecting them. s infrastructure has both good and bad qualities. The irport System has three branches; George ush International irport, William P. Hobby irport and Ellington irport which worked to serve 50,485,186 passengers with 7,960,132 of those passengers being international, in The Port of was ranked as the number one port in the United States in 2008 consecutively for 13 years. However, transportation within the city is not as efficient. ranks in the top quintile of large metropolitan areas in the United States for traffic congestion. This is mainly due to streets in need of repair and the lack of a public transit system extensive enough to accommodate the large population. has world renowned SOs, an extensive and convenient museum district, vast recreation facilities and top ranked non-profit organizations. However, they have a high crime rate and aging infrastructure, therefore, receives an - for amenities and quality of place. 10

11 REFERENCES bout HRC. (n.d.). dvanced Research Center. Retrieved from nnise Parker: Openly Gay Mayor Elected In, Texas. (2009, December 12). Huffington Post. Retrieved ugust 14, 2012, from ureau, U. S. C. (n.d.). merican FactFinder Results. Retrieved ugust 14, 2012, from Comparison of Satte and Local Government Spending in the United States. (n.d.).us Governemnt Spending. Retrieved from Economic Developemnt: Energy. (n.d.).greater Partnership. Retrieved from Economic Development: Demographics. (n.d.).greater Partnership. Retrieved from Education: est Medical Schools. (n.d.).us News. Retrieved from Fairlie, R. (2012). Kauffman Index of Entreprenurial ctivity. Retrieved from From Charity Navigator Yearly US Charity Checkup. (n.d.). Retrieved ugust 15, 2012, from History. (n.d.).the Symphony. Retrieved from History of HGO. (n.d.). Grand Opera. Retrieved from History of allet. (n.d.).the allet. Retrieved from allet/history/ rts lliance and the Univseristy of. (2012). The Creative Economy of. Retrieved from Facts and Figures. (n.d.).the City of. Retrieved from in top 25 for traffic congestion usiness Journal. (n.d.). Retrieved ugust 13, 2012, from bizjournals.com/houston/morning_call/2012/05/houston-in-top-25-for-traffic-congestion.html Job Growth Twice the National Rate «THE TENNT DVISOR. (n.d.).the TENNT DVISOR. Retrieved ugust 13, 2012, from stomped Silicon Valley in 2011 tech job growth usiness Journal. (n.d.). Retrieved ugust 14, 2012, from -Sugar Land-aytown, Texas GDP. (n.d.).econpost. Retrieved from Tops List of est-performing Nonprofits. (2012, June 5).The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Deco: Medernistic rchitecture of the Texas Coast. (n.d.).greater Preservation lliance. Retrieved from s Largest Employers. (n.d.).here is. Retrieved from Lovax, J. N. (2012, May 3). Is merica s Future icycling Captial? Tom McCasland Thinks It Is, and Is Making It So. Press. Retrieved from Mayor s Office of Immigrant and Refugee ffairs,, Texas. (n.d.).integration: uilding Inclusive Socities. Retrieved from METRO bout Us. (n.d.).metro. Retrieved from Patenting In Technology Classes reakout by Origin, US Metropolitan and Micropolitan reas. (n.d.).us Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved from Public Transit System Rankings. (n.d.).walkscore. Retrieved from Rice University. (n.d.).topuniversities. Retrieved from Table 6 Crime Rate in the United States. (n.d.).us Department of Justice. Retrieved from Who We re. (n.d.).merican Civil Liberties Union of Texas. Retrieved from 11

District of Columbia THE FACTS ECONOMY AND LABOUR FORCE. The Wharf Anacostia River

District of Columbia THE FACTS ECONOMY AND LABOUR FORCE. The Wharf Anacostia River THE FCTS City: District of Columbia Major Cities: District of Columbia Country: United States of merica Population: 601,723 Population Density: 340/km 2 Sex Profile: 284,222M / 317,501F, 90M / 100F, 47%M