Beijing THE FACTS ECONOMY AND LABOUR FORCE

Transcription

1 eijing THE FCTS City: eijing Major Cities: eijing Country: China Population: 19,612,000 (2010) Population Density: 1,230/km 2 Sex Profile: 10,126,000 Males / 9,486,000 Females = 1.07M / 1.00F Governance Structure: eijing is one of the four municipalities in China under the direct control of the National Government in China ge Profile: Years Share % % % ECONOMY ND LOUR FORCE Occupational Typology (C/S/W): 25.9% / 41.7% / 24.2% Top Employers (2011): Company Employment China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) 1,674,541 State Grid Corporation of China 1,564,001 China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (Sinopec) 640,535 gricultural ank of China Limited (C) 444,447 Industrial and Commercial ank of China Limited (ICC) 397,339 China Construction ank Corporation (CC) 313,867 China Railway Group Limited 285,054 China Railway Construction Corporation Limited (CRCC) 260,268 China Mobile Communications Corporation 207,404 ChinaLife Insurance Company Ltd

2 eijing Labour Force Distribution by Sector: Sector Workers Percentage Farming,Forestry, nimal Husbandry and Fishery 31, % Mining 45, % Manufacturing 971, % Power, Gas and Water Production and Supply 66, % Construction 357, % Public Transportation 477, % Information Transmission, Computer Service and Software Industries 395, % Retail and Wholesale 517, % Hoteling and Catering 249, % Finance Industry 206, % Real Estate 286, % Leasing and usiness Service Industries 664, % Scientific Research, Technical Service and Geological Prospecting 399, % Water Conservancy, Environment and Public Facility Management 83, % Resident Service and Other Services 67, % Education 358, % Health, Social Security and Welfare 189, % Culture, Sports and Entertainment 140, % Public dministration and Social Organizations 367, % Total 5,876, % GDP: (2010) 14, M Yuan (2,223.56) Year GDP , , , , ,113.6 Economic Growth Rate: 2.4% (Estimate 2011), 1.8% (Estimate 2012) 2

3 eijing Regeneration of Qianmen venue Qianmen venue, also called Dazhalan (ig Fence) by eijing locals, lies on eijing s historic central axis just south of Tian anmen Square and the Forbidden City. Historically, Qianmen (means front gate in Chinese) was in the geographic centre of the city, connecting the Outer City and Inner City of the imperial capital city and served as a major transportation artery. During the Qing Dynasty ( ), Qianmen became a booming marketplace and entertainment district with a highly concentrated population. There was a great congestion of merchants, shopkeepers, peasants, workshops and labourers in Qianmen venue. Residents lived in poor conditions with highly commercialized and densely settled small alleys. fter 1949, Qianmen venue deteriorated into a run-down urban space with dilapidated housing that lacked electricity, running water and sewerage. However, this area remained a vibrant mixed-use neighbourhood with an open-air street market, later called Dazhalan, described as an essence of eijing by the media. Qianmen remained untouched by developers and urban planners until the eijing Olympics, in 2008, due to its high population density and geographical proximity to Tiananmen Square, the political centre of China. major project to renovate and revitalize the area along this famous historic street began in The project planned to create a pedestrian only street with restored traditional old-style architecture and improved streetscape. The original narrow roads were widened and electricity, gas and water supply networks were upgraded. fter the renovation, Qianmen venue retained many historical buildings and their antique flavor. Most importantly, many traditional Chinese brand shops were renovated and protected by the renovation project. Instead of hiding in the narrow hutongs (alleys), they are now neatly arranged on the carefully designed sidewalks. Some of the shops here such as Yueshengzhai, a store sells pickled beef and mutton, have operated for more than 230 years. Other specialty stores include Ruifuxiang Silk Store, which sells Chinese traditional silk and satin clothes in Dazhalan since 1863; Neiliansheng shoe stores and Majuyuan hat stores just to name a few, are all located in Qianmen. eijing uses its distinctive culture and historical heritage to attract global visitors, and tourism has become one of the most significant contributors to local economic growth. 3

4 eijing TLENT SCORECRD Talent Score Justification Educated Population: K 8 (Primary) Educated Population: 9 12 (Secondary) Educated Population: Post-secondary Educational Institutions: College Educational Institutions: University C % of the population has primary school as their highest level of education % of the population has secondary school as their highest level of education % of the population has post-secondary as their highest level of education. In China, college and university all belong to the category of Higher Educational Institution. In 2010, eijing has 89 Higher Educational Institutions. The University Village was established after the construction of the Tsinghua University campus in the early 20th century. The clusters of post-secondary education and research institutions created a place to attract young talented students throughout China. The high-tech industry in eijing has benefited tremendously from the R&D conducted by these leading universities. The University Village has a majority of the top universities in China, and its best university, The Peking University, was ranked 47th out of 500th globally according to the QS World University Ranking. Education Spending - The expenditure on education was $ million US Dollars in 2010, and the total governmental expenditure in 2010 was $4, million. Therefore, the expenditure on education was 11.1% of total governmental expenditure. Creative Class Share Overall score for talent 25.9% of the work force belongs to the Creative Class, based on data retrieved from eijing's Official Website. eijing is China's cultural and political centre, and has some of the best universities in China that provide rich talent pools for business. 4

5 eijing TECHNOLOGY SCORECRD Technology Score Justification Patents - In 2010, the number of certified patents in eijing was 33, 511. However, as a country, China still lags behind countries such as the United States, and Japan. Innovation Job Growth Creative Class Share High-Tech Index Sustainability/ Green Economy Entrepreneurship Overall score for technology C+ - In 2010, R&D was 20.2% of the total governmental expenditure. 1,043 enterprises were specialized in R&D activities. ccording to the eijing Municipal Government's Report on the Work of the Government 2011, eijing has achieved great progress on innovation and, in 2012, the government will continue boosting innovation in Science and Technology by reforming the management system, focusing on developing enterprises to become the main source of technological innovation. In 2009, the number of people employed in eijing was 5,603,939 and rose to 5,876,526 in This resulted in a job growth rate of 4.86%. The creative class share was 25.9% of the entire work force, and the calculation is based on the data retrieved from eijing's Official Website. The high-tech industry plays a significant role in stimulating eijing's economic growth. The Zhongguancun Science Park is a technology hub in the city and is considered to be China s Silicon Valley. It was officially recognized by the government of China as a high-tech industry experimental zone in the late 1980s. Now, it s an area packed with large IT and electronics markets, and office buildings of high-tech enterprises, such as The Lenovo groups. In 2011, the expenditure on environmental protection was 1.5% of the governmental expenditure. eijing held the International Green Industry Expo with the theme of Green Economy, Mutual enefit in The event brought 212 world-renowned enterprises together to exchange views on green technology. eijing created many opportunities for green technologies and opened up a potentially huge market for green initiatives. However, due to the county s rapid industrialization, cities such as eijing are battling severe air pollution problems. In 2010, eijing had 354,252 registered enterprises, with 9,268 foreign enterprises. eijing has many entrepreneurial incentives such as tax breaks to encourage the development of entrepreneurship. eijing s high-tech industry is one of the most significant contributors to the city's economic growth. 5

6 eijing TOLERNCE SCORECRD Tolerance Score Justification Diversity Immigration Visible Minority N/ In 2010, there were 200,000 foreigners in eijing, However, 7,045,000 or 35.9% of the population did not have eijing Hukou. Hukou is the registration system in eijing, which serves three main purposes: resource distribution, migration control, and the monitoring of targeted groups of people. The score is based on two areas: the amount of foreigners who immigrate to China, and the amount of domestic migrants who move to eijing from other provinces in China. In 2011, 721 foreigners in eijing received Permanent Resident Permits. However, the only rights these immigrants received were the ability to live in China without time limitation. 22.1% of the entire population in eijing was originally registered in other provinces in China. The measurement of the country's minority population, the Non-Han is used to indicate the Visible Minority. However, these minority populations are concentrated in the autonomous regions. Therefore, the justification could not be made. Integration - China has many policies designed to better integrate minorities. However, conflicts between ethnic groups exist. For instance, the Independence Riots in Xinjiang and Tibet have been serious issues for decades. Multiculturalism Gay and Lesbian Population Religious Diversity N/ There are 56 ethnic groups in China, and the Non-Han are all considered minorities. ased on the Population Census in 2005, Han made up 91.96% of the entire population in China. ccording to The People's Republic of China Constitution, ll ethnic groups should be treated equally, and all ethnic groups should respect China s distinctive cultures and rituals. If the rule is broken, relevant punishment should be given. Lack of data on China s LGT community. Five major religions are found in eijing; uddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Catholicism, and Islam. survey conducted by two professors at East China Normal University discovered that 31.4% of the Chinese population aged 16 and over are religious and of this percent of the population 66.1% are of the uddhist or Taoist religion and 12% are Christians, making up the second largest percent. 6

7 eijing Tolerance Score Justification Openness Civil Rights ohemians Overall score for tolerance F + ccording to MPI's report on Understanding the Creative Economy in China, the city's openness is measured by the percentage of a provincial level regions population in 2008 that would have resided under the influence of the Open Door policy in The major concept of the Open Door policy is for a city to be open to foreign investment, global talented workforce, advanced technology, and modern management methods, so as to boost local economic growth. eijing had its entire population living in the Open Door areas in 1995, while other regions in the country had 0 100% of their population living in Open Door areas. ccording to Freedom House's nnual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, China's freedom Status is Not Free, with Political Rights scores 7 and Civil Liberties scores 6. In the report, each country is assigned a numerical rating from 1 to 7 to indicate both political rights and civil liberties, with 1 representing the most free and 7 representing the least free. The bohemian index for eijing was 8.61 in Majority of the Chinese cities scored between 0.46 and 1.67, and only three cities eijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin scored over 1. Therefore, compared to other Chinese cities, eijing scores very high in the ohemian Index and maintains a high portion of the population involved in artistically creative occupations. eijing scores extremely low in the civil rights category and maintains an immigration policy, which restricts new immigrants from any rights besides residency, showcasing eijing as a relatively closed off city. 7

8 eijing MENITIES ND QULITY OF PLCE SCORECRD menities and Quality of Place The SOs (Symphony, Opera, allet) Museums Entertainment and Nightlife Score Justification eijing has the leading ballet, orchestras, and opera companies in China (The eijing allet Company, The eijing Orchestra Company, and The eijing Opera Company). eijing has 41 museums, one being the Palace Museum, also known at the Forbidden City, which is the largest and best preserved museum in the world and is one of the top tourist attractions throughout China. eijing is also home to the National Museum of China. eijing s ancient history and distinct culture allow it to develop a unique entertainment atmosphere. Houhai and Sanlitun are the most popular nightlife areas, containing the most popular bars and nightclubs. Crime Rate C+ In 2011, the number of reported crimes was 104,327 or 5,319 offences per 100,000 people. Recreation Facilities Neighbourhoods Scenes eijing has 25 public libraries, 336 cultural centres, 51 cinemas, 5 music halls, 95 gymnasiums, and 446 swimming pools throughout the city. During the 2008 Olympic Games preparation period, 32 new sports facilities were built and opened to public after the games concluded. eijing is subdivided into 16 districts defined by their various functions. For example, Haidian District is home of the city s major universities, and the Chaoyang District is where the newly formed central business district is located. However, income polarization has become an issue in eijing in recent years, creating districts with high levels of poverty. eijing, as one of the four ancient cities in China with a profound history that could be traced over 3,000 years. Giving the city areas of rich historical heritage, such as: the emperor temples, the emperor parks, and The Great Wall. However, eijing is also a modern metropolitan. The 798 rt Zone was once the place for eijing North China wireless joint equipment factory and was designed and built in the 1950s with unique architectural style. Now it has been transformed into a thriving artistic community with galleries, cafes, and boutique shops. In addition, the Sanlitun Village, as one of the 22 creative and culture clusters in eijing, is considered the city s fashion district. 8

9 eijing menities and Quality of Place Score Justification Public Transit + ike Paths + eijing has an extensive public transportation network, including buses, subway, city rail, and taxis. The eijing subway has 15 lines, which ranks the fourth in track length globally, after Shanghai, London, and Seoul. In 2009, The eijing Public Transport Holdings had 27, 963 operating vehicles of various kinds, with 882 bus routes, and serves as the most important transport tool in eijing. t the end of 2010, the bike path system in eijing was built and had the capacity to hold 20,000 bikes. In 2011, eijing's municipal government continued to promote the green lifestyle by encouraging the use of bicycles as a major form of transportation, in order to decrease environmental impacts. Civic Capital (NGOs, Non-Profits) uilt Form Investment Infrastructure (Utilities, Roads, etc.) Overall score for amenities and quality of place In 2011, there were 6,733 non-governmental organizations in eijing, and approximately 8% of the population received annual benefits from these organizations. ccording to the 12th Five Year Plan, the NGOs in the city will continue to increase rapidly approaching 11,000 by The majority of historical architecture in the city is well maintained and act as a major tourist spots. In the past 30 years, eijing has become home to many cutting-edge architecture projects that have given eijing an international appearance. In 2011, the total length of roads in eijing was 21, 114 kilometres, and the length of expressways was 903 kilometres. s a transport hub, eijing has a comprehensive network of roads, railways and airports. Five ring roads encircle the city with nine expressways heading in all-compass directions, supplemented by eleven China National Highways. The political, cultural and educational centre of China, eijing is considered the most popular city in China. However, urban issues like polarization and traffic have reduced the overall score for amenities. 9

10 eijing REFERENCES eijing Statistical eijing Statistic Yearbook. Retrieved ug 30, 2012 from: eijing Haidian District People s Government (2012), Special Shopping reas in Haidian District. ccessed Feb usiness Daily. (2009) Qianmen Street Drawing world-famous and traditional brands. pr. 24th, General Reference Centre GOLD. Martin Prosperity Institute (2011). Understanding the Creative Economy in China. Retrieved ug 30, 2012 from: Naquin, S. (2000) Peking: Temples and City Life, erkeley, C: University of California Press. QS TOPUNIVERSITIES (n.d). QS World University Rankings. Retrieved ug 20, 2012 from: Shenzhen University (n.d). The latest Ranking of Top 200 Universities in China. Retrieved ug 20, 2012 from: Sanlitun Official Website (2012) ccessed on 2012/2/16 Tang, Y.K (2008) Discovering eijing: Haidian District eijing s Smart Reservoir. eijing Review. No.7 Feb.14, Retrieved online at: Tang, Y.K (2008) Qianmen Street: Showing the Face of Old eijing. Olympics in Focus. eijing Review. China cademic Journal Electronic Publishing House. 10