The Relationship between Britain and its American Colonies Changes

Transcription

1 Packet 3: Page 1 The Relationship between Britain and its American Colonies Changes What were the differing interests of the colonial regions? How and why did the relationship between Britain and the colonies change? TPS (Think Pair Share) Using pps , list characteristics of the northern and southern colonies. Partner A North; Partner B South Both do Geography Skillbuilder p. 29. If you were a leader from the North, how might your views be different from those of a Southern leader? French and Indian War ; Fought over control of lands in the mostly fur traders and Catholic missionaries supported settlement of new lands wanted to keep their lifestyle win, French lose lots of land, Indians lose out when British win captured British forts to get settlers to leave. British send small pox infested blankets during negotiation, killing and weakening the Native Americans To limit expensive conflict with the Native Americans, the of western lands in Proclamation of 1763, angering would-be settlers who helped fight the war Turning point in the relationship between Britain and the colonies. Explain possible reasons why: Packet 3: Page 1

2 Packet 3: Page 2 Road to Revolution. Use pps Causes Event/Description Effects Sugar Act: Stamp Act: Boston Massacre: Boston Tea Party: Intolerable Acts: Packet 3: Page 2

3 Packet 3: Page 3 The American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence Brief Timeline 1775 Lexington and Concord 1776 Declaration of Independence 1777 Saratoga 1781 Yorktown 1783 Treaty of Paris Use p. 59 ( Loyalists and Patriots ) The United States or Britain: Who would you support if you were a... Slave Native American Official (Judge, etc.) Merchant Loyalist Patriot What role did the French play in the American Revolution? Strengths and Weaknesses: Name one of each using p. 59 American Strengths American Weaknesses British Strengths British Weaknesses Packet 3: Page 3

4 Packet 3: Page 4 Declaration of Independence Announced and justified Attempted to gain (other colonists, French) Key ideas: life liberty pursuit of happiness agreement between people and government permission from the people Jefferson was influenced by / ideals Structure of Declaration 1.Theory of government Protects people s People can overthrow and replace a government that 2.List of (complaints) 3.Statement (declaration) 4.Signatures Packet 3: Page 4

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7 Packet 3: Page 7 Articles of Confederation List 3 facts from the video Study the Articles of Confederation. Use pp 67 What is this document and its purpose? Define constitution List Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (p.67) Successes Weaknesses Shay s Rebellion Describe the trail of debt that caused Shay s rebellion Weak central government Benefits Disadvantages Packet 3: Page 7

8 Packet 3: Page 8 SS 11 Articles of Confederation Name: QUESTION TO ANSWER: Using the cartoon as well as historical details, explain why the period between 1783 and 1789 is known as the Critical Period. Purpose: To understand a cartoon, develop a paragraph, and provide support for a statement Step 1: Look at the political cartoon and give a one sentence answer to the question. Step 2: List details from the cartoon and from our study of the Articles of Confederation that supports your answer. Packet 3: Page 8

9 Packet 3: Page 9 Step 3: Use what you did in steps 1 & 2 to write a 1 paragraph (at least 10 sentences) answer to the question. Paragraph Grading Topic Sentence Supporting Detail (8+ sentences) At least 2 historical details, explained At least 2 details from the cartoon, explained Concluding sentence QUESTION TO ANSWER: Using the cartoon as well as historical details, explain why the period between 1783 and 1789 is known as the Critical Period. Packet 3: Page 9

10 Packet 3: Page 10 Constitutional Convention Why was a new Constitution necessary? When and where was the new Constitution written? Who wrote it? Answer based on the reading Revolution s ideals enshrined : Why does the US government under the Articles of Confederation need fixing? Name 5 of the delegates Describe James Madison and his qualifications for work on the Constitution How do the Virginia and Pennsylvania delegations use their time waiting for other delegates? Packet 3: Page 10

11 Packet 3: Page 11 Make a proposal A) You represent the largest of the 13 states. Your population is several times larger than that of the smallest state. Propose how representation in the legislature should be determined. B) You represent the smallest of the 13 states. Your population is several times smaller than that of the largest state. Propose how representation in the legislature should be determined. Great Compromise Big States Plan vs. Small States Plan Issue: Representation in Congress: or Compromise: Great Compromise Legislature ( ) 3/5 th Compromise Each counts as 3/5 of a person when counting the population for taxation and representation The Convention Closes Benjamin Franklin noted that he had finally decided that the sun on the chair used by Washington while presiding over the Constitutional Convention was rising and not setting. Explain his meaning. Packet 3: Page 11

12 Packet 3: Page 12 The Constitution: Form and Principles I. Organization of the Constitution Preamble Introduction Articles Chapters Sections parts of the articles Clauses sentences in the sections Amendments Additions or Changes Also divided into sections and clauses II. Parts of the United States Constitution A. Preamble: Intro & Goals B. Article I: The Legislative Branch *CONGRESS: House of Representatives and Senate *Make (Pass) laws (bills) C. Article II: The Executive Branch * President, Vice-President (and the Cabinet Departments and other Agencies, known as the federal bureaucracy) *Carries out (executes) laws D. Article III: The Judicial Branch *Supreme Court and the Federal Court System *Interprets laws E. Article IV: States Relations *states must respect each others laws and court decisions F. Article V: The Amending Process *sets up a way to amend (change) the Constitution G. Article VI: Federal Supremacy *says that the federal (central; national) government is the supreme (highest) government H. Article VII: Ratification of the Constitution *sets up how the Constitution was to be ratified (approved) I. Amendments: #1 through #27 *changes in the Constitution *Amendments 1-10 are called the Bill of Rights Packet 3: Page 12

13 Packet 3: Page 13 III. Constitutional Principles A. Separation of Powers *dividing power between branches of government B. Checks and Balances *each branch is given certain ways to limit the powers of other branches C. Federalism *power is divided between federal, state and local government D. Flexibility *ability of the Constitution to be adapted to deal with changing times Amendment Elastic Clause Judicial Review Packet 3: Page 13

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15 Packet 3: Page 15 SS 11: Amendments Name: Use the Amendments to the Constitution p to complete the puzzle, answering the question What does the amendment process create? , or property of the laws of poll taxes Congressional Packet 3: Page 15

16 Packet 3: Page 16 CLUES: 1. In Amendment 1, people are guaranteed the right to of religion. 2. In order to make sure that people can speak out, Amendment 1 protected what? 3. Amendment 4 provides for protection from what kind of search and seizure? 4. When someone says I plead the fifth thay are referring to the 5 th Amendment ban on forcing people to be what against themselves? 5. What can t the government ask people to house in their homes? 6. What can t be taken from people without due process of law (i.e. a trial)? 7. What must the government quickly provide to the accused? 8. In civil cases (i.e. suing rather than prison as a punishment), trials must be decided by what? 9. There are not mentioned in the Constitution, which are retained (kept) by the people. 10. What kind of bail cannot be required? 11. What was accomplished by Amendment 13? 12. According to Amendment 14, people born or naturalized in the United States cannot be denied what? 13. What method of collecting money was created by Amendment 16? 14. After Amendment 17, Senators were no longer chosen by state legislatures but by what method? 15. Amendment 19 concerned this, which means right to vote for women. 16. To shorten the time between an election and a transition of power, during which time the outgoing politicians have no power, an amendment concerning what was passed? 17. How was the 18 th Amendment, which instituted Prohibition, ended? 18. An Amendment concerning what was passed in 1804? 19. Who replaces the disabled President according to Amendment 25? 20. What was accomplished by Amendment 24? 21. What was affected Amendment 27? 22. In 1951, after FDR s election to four terms, Amendment 22 created what? 23. What part of the country was given 3 electors in 1961? 24. What right did black men get from Amendment 15? 25. What are Congresspeople no longer allowed to change before an election? Packet 3: Page 16

17 Packet 3: Page 17 Electing a President : candidate explores the possibilities and begins some campaigning : Primaries and Caucuses held by each party (Democrats and Republicans) : The party officially nominates their candidate. Campaign November General Election determines makes election official It is possible to win the popular vote but not the electoral college vote because it is a Repackage the information above in timeline form in the space below: Packet 3: Page 17

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20 Packet 3: Page 20 Questions on the reading p : Describe the role played by the electoral college in the election of Discuss two controversies concerning the election of 2000 Discuss the role Florida played in the election of Checks and balances The ability of one branch to limit the powers of the others to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Examples: veto, override, impeachment, power to declare war, power of the purse, power to approve treaties, power to appoint judges, power to confirm justices, power to declare laws unconstitutional, power to propose amendments, power to declare actions unconstitutional, power to pardon, life term, Decide what type of check each example is. Packet 3: Page 20 1

21 Packet 3: Page 21 Checks and Balances Legislative Executive Judicial Packet 3: Page 21 2

22 Packet 3: Page 22 Checks and Balances Legislative checks on the executive branch: Legislative checks on the judicial branch: Checks and balances: Executive checks on the legislative branch: Executive checks on the judicial branch: Packet 3: Page 22 3

23 Packet 3: Page 23 Checks and Balances Judicial checks on the executive branch: Judicial checks on the legislative branch: Read p. 865 and answer: Why was Clinton impeached but not removed from office? Packet 3: Page 23 4

24 Packet 3: Page 24 Federalism Definition: Division of power between a and and governments Powers: given directly to the national government only suggested/hinted at power given to Congress (national government) by the elastic clause shared between the national, state and local governments kept for the people/states only Artifacts: Given a dollar bill, a national highway map, and a drivers license or permit, decide which represents delegated, concurrent, or reserved powers Explain your answer Find examples of the following: Delegated powers Concurrent powers Reserved powers Implied powers Why do you think each of your examples is placed in that particular category? Which powers have changed over time? Packet 3: Page 24

25 Packet 3: Page 25 Ratification -- What was the disagreement concerning ratification of the Constitution? Use specific details from the video to support your answer. Make a diagram or write a paragraph explaining the relationship between the terms below: supporters of the Constitution of 1787 opposed the Constitution of 1787, preferred the Articles of Confederation approval; 2/3 of the states had to agree to ratify the Constitution of 1787 before it became law First 10 Amendments listing rights guaranteed. Compromise that persuaded many Anti-Federalists to support the Constitution persuasive essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, etc. and published in newspapers mostly in New York to gain support for the Federalist side Packet 3: Page 25

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27 Packet 3: Page 27 SS 11 Frames Paragraph: Ratification Debate Name: Question: How did the proposal of a Bill of Rights address the major arguments of the opponents (Anti-Federalists) of the US Constitution during the ratification debate? Frames Paragraph: Fill in the blanks to complete the following paragraph. The plan to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution helped to reduce the fears of Anti-Federalists and led to the ratification of the Constitution. The Anti-Federalists feared that. According to Mercy Otis Warren,. (Document 1) However, the Massachusetts Constitutional Ratification Convention of February 1788 concluded that. (Document 2) Thus the addition of a Bill of Rights reduced the fears of the Anti-Federalists by. Packet 3: Page 27

28 Packet 3: Page 28 George Washington sets precedents (Unwritten Constitution) group of advisors to help him carry out laws Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Fights between Hamilton and Jefferson lead to the creation of Tradition not broken until in the 1930s and 1940s. Later made into an Amendment (1950s) The Unwritten Constitution and the Judiciary Federal District Courts set up by Congress claimed in the case of Marbury v. Madison 1803 Case of the Midnight Judges Nobody today cares about the case just the (judicial review established) Strict v. Loose Constructionism Narrow, limited interpretation of the Constitution. Limits governmental powers. Broad interpretation of the Constitution. Allows for the expansion of governmental powers What would a strict and a loose constructionist say about: Issue Strict Loose Congressional creation of a National Bank despite no mention in the Constitution (Hamilton s Financial Plan, 1790s) Purchasing land from France without prior Congressional authority (Louisiana Purchase 1803) Packet 3: Page 28

29 Packet 3: Page 29 Jefferson v. Hamilton (text p. 75) Area of Conflict Jefferson s View Hamilton s View Governmental Power Foreign Policy Pro-France Pro-Britain Economy National Bank Packet 3: Page 29

30 Packet 3: Page 30 List the due process rights that you have according to the Constitution. Constitution p. 84 ff. in text Rights/Description Location Habeas corpus -- Art 1 Sec 9 Cl 2 Bill of attainder Ex post facto law -- Art 1 Sec 9 Cl 3 Amendment 4 Amendment 5 Amendment 6 Amendment 7 Amendment 8 14 th Amendment List the provisions of the Amendment Does the 14 th Amendment mean that the states must follow the Bill of Rights? Explain. Incorporation -- Tasks: In three sentences, describe how a case proceeds from start to Supreme Court ruling. Packet 3: Page 30

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37 Packet 3: Page 37 Gideon Questions: 1. Define in forma pauperis 2. Describe Clarence Earl Gideon. 3. How did Gideon call the Supreme Court s attention to his situation? 4. Define writ of certiorari 5. What was Gideon s case (claim)? 6. What had the Supreme Court decided in Betts v Brady? 7. How did the Judge in Gideon s original trial rule on his Gideon s request for counsel? 8. What was Gideon actually asking the Supreme Court to do? 9. Who was the lawyer appointed to represent Gideon in his Supreme Court case? 10. Define: stare decisis, incorporation, selective incorporation Packet 3: Page 37

38 Packet 3: Page When was the Supreme Court building built and under what circumstances? How was the building described? 12. When a case is heard, how does it begin? 13. How does an argument made by a lawyer before the Supreme Court begin? 14. What did Fortas say the basic problem with Betts was? 15. Explain what federalism is and how it relates to Gideon s situation. 16. Define majority opinion, concurring opinion, and dissenting opinion. 17. What is the reading of an opinion at the Supreme Court like? 18. What types of opinions were written in the Gideon case? 19. How did Justice Black seem to see the Gideon decision? 20. What was the difference between Turner and Gideon as lawyers? Packet 3: Page 38