WWII / Cold War Civil Responsibilities Civil Liberties

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1 WWII / Cold War Civil Responsibilities Civil Liberties

2 Final - THURSDAY Absences 3U/X/S Spring Break LAST 9 WEEKS! (23ish days)

3 Unit VI U.S. Foreign Policy WWII Homefront + Untold Stories Cold War Beginning The Rise of The Civil Rights Movement

4 Write down ALL that you know about WWII. You and a partner. Team with the most will get a treat of their choice next class period.

5 Lesson Overview Untold Stories of WWII Japanese Internment Camps Fred Korematsu Supreme Court Homefront Heroines Dr. Seuss Nazi POW Camps in US

6 Today, you will investigate the transition from isolationism to intervention between

7 Using your background knowledge about events from , what would you have done if you were President of the United States at the time?

8 Isolationist vs. Interventionist

Isolationism to Intervention FDR: Internationalist Foreign Policy Shift - Strong international agenda - Ties with foreign markets - New Deal abroad -

10 Isolationism to Intervention FDR: Internationalist Foreign Policy Shift - Strong international agenda - Ties with foreign markets - New Deal abroad - Diplomacy - Interventionalist He believed that the Great Depression, for instance, could be mitigated by strengthening ties with foreign markets rather than weakening

11 Interventional FDR In 1933, FDR proposed a Congressional measure - To grant him the right to consult with other nations to place pressure on aggressors in international conflicts. The bill ran into strong opposition from the leading isolationists in Congress

12 Good Neighbor Policy - Latin America Good Neighbor Policy: U.S. would pursue a non interventionist approach towards Latin America, no longer utilizing military force to exercise influence in the region. Will NOT have aggressive foreign policy towards Latin America Forge a new economic and diplomatic relationship on gentler terms Essentially: Moving away from intervention Only to help...won t intervene unless it s friendly Renouncing imperialism from past

13 Republican Platform 1940 Isolationists in worldview Military Preparedness Criticize New Deal for lack of military preparedness America first sentiment

14 Democrat Platform 1940 Democrats will not participate in a foreign war Need military strength so that no nation would attack US Will defend the Monroe Doctrine Similar to GOP in foreign affairs

15 Origin of Isolationism Congress pushed through a series of Neutrality Acts, which served to prevent American ships and citizens from becoming entangled in outside conflicts. Roosevelt lamented the restrictive nature of the acts, but because he still required Congressional support for his domestic New Deal policies, he reluctantly agreed.

business owners and peace activists, but because they faced no consistent, organized

16 Who were they? The isolationists were a diverse group, including progressives and conservatives, business owners and peace activists, but because they faced no consistent, organized opposition from internationalists, their ideology triumphed time and again. Gerald Nye Charles Lindbergh Senators Hiram Johnson William Borah Robert La Follette

17 Isolationist - North Dakota Senator Gerald Nye Senator Gerald Nye was committed to reaffirming American isolationism in the face of escalating European dangers. - US entered WWI for banking and business interests. - Powerful American business interests, for financial gain, had pushed the United States into intervention against its own best interests. - Not for democracy protection. - Held Senate hearings to investigate reasons of entering WWI. Thus, the Nye Committee served not only to serve as a symbol of American isolationist sentiment during the 1930 s, but also as a justification for that sentiment.

18 Charles Lindbergh

19 Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 Neutrality Acts These restrictive pieces of legislation called for an embargo on weaponry and funding to any nation involved in a conflict and prohibited Americans from traveling aboard ships that belonged to nations engaged in war. Neutrality Acts of 1937 Which established an embargo on all trade to nations at war, except those who were able to pay cash and carry the products away on non-american vessels Role to play, but NOT in wars. This legislation temporarily handcuffed Roosevelt's foreign policy and allowed for Hitler to begin acquiring land via force throughout Europe, as well as Japan establishing control in the Pacific.

20 Interventionist FDR Winston Churchill James Brynes Wendell Willkie

21 Winston Churchill Radio broadcast, 9 February 1941 We stood our ground and faced the two Dictators in the hour of what seemed their overwhelming triumph, and we have shown ourselves capable, so far, of standing up against them alone.

James Byrnes By Aiding Britain, We Aid Ourselves January 17, 1941 There is nothing altruistic about the determination of the United States to aid those nations now defending themselves against the

22 James Byrnes By Aiding Britain, We Aid Ourselves January 17, 1941 There is nothing altruistic about the determination of the United States to aid those nations now defending themselves against the forces of aggression. We are moved by reasons more impelling. We know that our own Democracy is menaced by the forces that now seek to destroy those Democracies across the Atlantic. One conquest only whets the dictators desire for more power. If Great Britain falls, the United States will stand practically alone on the brink of the precipice.

23 Lend Lease Act - March 11, 1941 Lend-Lease Act of March 1941 allowed for American allies meaning at this time Britain to obtain American goods needed for the war effort without paying up front for them. It did allow Roosevelt to give the British over $1 billion in aid by the end of the year aid that would be vital in keeping Britain in the war, and perhaps America out of the war until Pearl Harbor shattered that fiction as well. Between March 1941 and September 1945, the United States' lend-lease program transferred some $48 billion worth of war material to other nations, the largest part of it (worth some $21billion) to Britain.

Protective Zone Atlantic Charter August 14, 1941 Secret Meeting off sea

24 Movement Towards Intervention Roosevelt starts moving towards war using executive powers. Protective Zone Atlantic Charter August 14, 1941 Secret Meeting off sea between FDR and Churchill During the meeting, a pivotal policy statement issued during World War II that defined the Allied goals for the post-war world.

25 Check for Understanding - US Foreign Policy If it were 1940, would you be an Isolationist or would you support Intervention?

26 Entry to War On October 12, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared, in one of his fireside chats to the American people, "This whole nation of 130 million men, women and children is becoming one great fighting force." The President made a point of including children and non-combatant women as part of the "fighting force." How did children and other non-combatants contribute to the war effort?

27 Homefront Nothing in the United States went unchanged by WWII. More than 16 million men and women - more than 1/10 of the population - served in the armed forces. More than 400,000 never returned. Those who remained at home found themselves taking on the responsibilities of citizen soldiers at every turn of their daily lives.

28 Japanese Camps...

Japanese Attack Manchuria (1931)

America clings to isolationism in the 1930s as war looms Japanese Attack Manchuria (1931) League of Nations condemned the action. Japan leaves the League. Hoover wanted no part in an American military