Revolutions That Influenced The World.

Transcription

1 Revolutions That Influenced The World

2 Freedom By Armed Rebellion By Peaceful Means

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5 Enlightenment Rational Thinking Renaissance Progress in Science Enlightenment

6 Freedom Democracy Enlightenment Ideas Nationalism Equality

7 The American War of Independence

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9 James Ottis Feb 5, 1725 May 23, 1783 Lawyer in Colonial Massachusetts "Taxation without representation is tyranny"

10 No Taxation Without Representation People Demanded Need Representation in Govt. It is Anti-People if no Representation No Taxation without Representation

11 Activity 1 List the 13 English Colonies in N. America

12 13 English Colonies in N. America Georgia South Carolina North Carolina Virginia Maryland Delaware Pennsylvania New Jersey Connecticut Rhode Island New York Massachusetts New Hampshire

13 Mercantilism Policy of British Merchants Collecting Raw Materials Selling their Products

14 Mercantilist Law British Ships for Carrying Goods Products only be Exported to England British Stamps for all Legal Papers Meet the Expense of British Troops Import Tax for Tea, Glass, Paper..

15 Boston Tea Party High Tax on Tea 16 December 1773 Threw 342 chests of Tea into Sea Boston Harbour

16 Activity 2 How did the Laws Implemented by British affected the People of the Colonies?

17 Domestic Trade in Colonies Denial of Rights Laws Implemented by British Restrictions & Taxes in Trade Spoiled Domestic Trade in Colonies Restrictions in Export Meeting the Expense of British Troops British Stamps for all Legal Papers Exploitation Restrictions in Export, Increase in Tax, Stamp Duty, Meeting the Expense of British Troops Autocracy Inflation Mercantilist Law was against the Rights & Liberty of the People Increase in Tax, Stamp Duty

18 John Adams Oct 30, 1735 July 4, nd President of USA Member of Continental Congress The Revolution had been effected even before the war commenced. It was in the minds &hearts of the People

19 John Locke 29 Aug Oct 1704 Enlightenment Thinker Father of Liberalism Everyone has some Fundamental Rights. No Govt. has the right to suspend them.

20 Thomas Paine Jan 29, 1737 June 8, 1809 Pamphlets Common Sense & The American Crisis There is something absurd, in supposing a continent be perpetually governed by a foreign power.

21 Formation of United States of America

22 1 st Continental Congress Delegates of the Colonies met at Philadelphia in 1774 against England

23 2 nd Continental Congress At Philadelphia in 1775 George Washington as the Commanderin-chief of the Army

24 Thomas Jefferson April July 4, rd President of the US Author of the Declaration of Independence Proponent of Democracy, Republicanism, and Individual Rights

25 Benjamin Franklin Jan 17,1706 Apr 17, th Governor of Pennsylvania Major figure in the American Enlightenment One of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

26 James Madison March 16, 1751 June 28, th President of the US "Father of the Constitution" in USA Member of the Continental Congress

27 George Washington Feb 22, Dec 14, st President of USA Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army One of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

28 Declaration of American Independence All are Equal Everyone has Certain Rights Rights Should be Secured Govt. with the consent of Governed Right of the People to Abolish Govt.

29 Activity 3 Various Events that led to the Formation of United States of America

30 st Continental Congress Petition to the King of England War with England nd Continental Congress George Washington as the Chief of Army Thomas Paine Break the ties with Britain 1776 Declaration of Independence by Continental Congress 1781 End of War with England 1783 Treaty of Paris - Freedom to 13 Colonies American Constitution Formations of U.S.A. George Washington as the 1 st President of USA Formation of U.S.A.

31 American Revolution influenced.. Motivation to later Struggles Guided Human Rights Activities Concept of Republican Govt. 1 st Written Constitution Concept of Federal System

32 French Revolution

33 Versailles Palace

34 I am the State.

35 Louis XV After me, the Deluge.

36 Mary Antoinette If they can t eat bread, let them eat cake.

37 System of Rule existed in France Autocratic Rule Rulers were Squanders Rulers believed the Divinity of Rule Not considered Basic Needs of the People People Led a Miserable Life

38 Condition of the People Hungry Majority in Misery Minority in Luxury Social & Economic Inequality 3 Estates in the Society

39 French Society 1 st Estate Clergy (Pray) 2 nd Estate Nobles (Fight) 3 rd Estate People (Pay)

40 3 Estates 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Land Ownership Taxation Population Clergy Nobility Commoners

41 Bourgeoisie Part of the 3 rd Estate, they were the Middle Class of France. They were Bankers, Merchants, Factory Owners (Educated People) Led the Revolution

42 Activity 4 Analyse the Chart and find Answers for the Question on P.15

43 Answer The 1 st & 2 nd Estates enjoyed higher social status and led a luxurious life in France. Majority of the People belong to 3 rd Estate. The 1 st & 2 nd Estates Exploited the common man and accumulated Wealth. The 3 rd Estate desired a change in the System.

44 Voltaire Against Exploitation of Clergy Rational Thinking Equality & Humanism

45 Rousseau Importance of Freedom Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains. People are the sovereign. Social Contract - Book

46 Montesquieu Democracy & Republic Division of Power of Gov. o Legislature o Executive o Judiciary

47 Physiocrats Economists Freedom of everyone to own Property Promoted Middle Class Philosophes Thinkers, Scientists, Writers Importance to Reasoning & Scientific Thought Compiled Encyclopedia

48 Ideologies of American Revolution Democracy Human Rights Against Mercantilist Law French Revolution Democracy Freedom Rise of Middle Class Rational Thinking

49 Causes of Financial Crisis in France Luxurious life of Kings, Clergy, Lords Frequent Wars Drought & Crop Failure Financial Aid to American Revolution Louis XVI summoned States General to levy new Taxes

50 Louis XVI His Grandfather Louis XIV was the absolutist king. He was Weak He had so little control, he called for the French congress to fix problems

51 1 st Estate 2 nd Estate 3 rd Estate States General

52 Oath of Tennis Court Estate wise Vote 1 st & 2 nd Estates Individual Vote - 3 rd Estate (Commons) 3 rd Estate declared themselves as National Assembly of France Assembled in the nearby Tennis Court Not to leave until the Constitution

53 Oath of Tennis Court

54 Liberty Equality Fraternity French Revolution Slogan

55 After Tennis Court Oath 1789 Jul Aug Oct 1792 Sept Fall of Bastille Prison Beginning of Revolution Declaration of the Rights of Man by National Assembly March to Versailles Palace Give us Bread. France as a Republic by National Convention

56 Fall of Bastille Symbol of Royal Power

57 Declaration of the Rights France created their own Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

58 Bread Riots People were hungry; the Country was broke. This picture is from an all-woman bread riot. Marie Antoinette said let them eat cake

59 Estates General meets The part of the French Congress representing the 3 rd Estate left and declared themselves The Congress of France.

60 Execution of Louis XVI

61 Guillotine

62 Revolutionaries used Guillotine Both the King and Queen were beheaded French Monarchy no more In addition to the Royal family, 17,000 people were executed with the Guillotine.

63 Activity 5 Analyse the Chart and find out the Impact of French Revolution

64 Impact of French Revolution Stimulated Later Revolutions End of Feudalism in Europe Nation is People, not mere Region Concept of Sovereignty Emergence of Nationalism Growth of Middle Class End od Autocratic Rule in Europe

65 French Revolution & Tipu

66 Declaration of Human Rights

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68 Reforms of Napoleon Farmers became Owners of Land Control over Clergy Sinking Fund to avoid Public debt Bank of France Roads for Transportation A new Code of Law

69 End of Napoleon

70 Activity 6 Examine the Reforms and Policies of Napoleon and identify the ideologies of French Revolution reflected in them by completing the Table.

71 The concepts of French Revolution Rise of the Middle Class End of Feudalism Policies & Reforms of Napoleon Control over Clergy Sinking Fund to avoid Public debt Bank of France Roads for Transportation A new Code of Law Farmers became Owners of Land Control over Clergy A new Code of Law Nationalism Bank of France Roads for Transportation A new Code of Law

72 The Latin American Revolution

73 Pablo Neruda

74 From the Poem we Conclude. Resources were taken by the Colonies People became Slaves Colonial masters Exploited the Wealth & Life of the People for their Pleasure

75 Latin America & Football

76 Discrimination towards Latin America Took away Gold & Silver Trade only with Spain Control in Production Insecurity in Mines Enslaved the Natives in Plantation

77 Activity 7 How the European Colonisation affected the Latin American Countries.

78 European Colonisation affected the Latin American Countries. Destruction of the Native Culture Introduction of European Lifestyle & Culture Racial Discrimination towards Colonies Wealth of the People were Stolen Control over Trade People became Slaves

79 Francisco Miranda Jose De San Martin Simon Bolivar

80 Latin American Revolution was not only for Political Liberation, but also for the Life & Culture of the People

81 Countries Liberated from 1. Mexico 2. Colombia 3. Venezuela 4. Ecuador 5. Peru 6. Brazil 7. Bolivia 8. Chile 9. Argentina Colonial Rule

82 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

83 Maxim Gorky

84 From the Novel we Conclude. Workers are the basis of Production Workers have no Rights Workers were Exploited by Capitalists

85 Demands of the Workers Abolish the Private Property Everyone has to Work Authority to People & Workers Production Control by People

86 Activity 8 Find out the Circumstances for the Russian Revolution

87 Russian Revolution -Circumstances Autocracy of Tsar Tragic Life of Farmers & Workers Low Agricultural Production High Tax Low Industrial Production Foreign Involvement in Industry Influence of Writers & Philosophers Marxist Ideology

88 Russian Revolution -Circumstances Formation of Trade Unions Influence of Political Leaders Defeat of Russia in 1905 by Japan After effects of 1 st World War

89 Leo Tolstoy Anton Chekov Ivan Turgenev

90 Karl Marx

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92 Frederick Engles

93 Marxist Ideology Social Democratic Workers Party Mensheviks (Minority) Bolsheviks (Majority) Alexander Kerensky Lenin & Trotsky

94 Alexander Kerensky Trotsky

95 The Soviets Duma Major Events USSR February Revolution October Revolution

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97 March at Petrograd by Workers (1905 Jan 9) Demanded Political Rights & Economic Reform March was Fired

98 Workers Organization all over Russia

99 Legislative Assembly

100 Participation in 1 st World War by Nicholas II Many were Killed Food Shortage (1917) Protest march in Petrograd Soldiers joined with the Workers Captured Petrograd Nicholas II was thrown out Provisional Govt. by Kerensky

101 Vladimir Illych Ulyanov (Lenin)

102 Demand of Bolsheviks Withdrawal from World War Distribute the Land to the Farmers from Lords Make Factories Public Property

103 Lenin Opposed the Provisional Govt. Demanded Power to the Soviets Bolsheviks & Soviets Supported Lenin Armed Rebellion against Pro. Govt. Kerensky Fled from Russia Bolsheviks attained Power Lenin as the head of the Cabinet

104 Effects of October Revolution Withdrew from World War Distributed the Land to the Farmers from Lords Factories, Banks, Transport & Foreign Trade were brought under Public ownership

105 Activity 9 Compare February Revolution and October Revolution

106 February Revolution Led by Mensheviks Not Withdrew from 1 st World War End of the Rule of Tsar Lords continued as Land owners Less Importance to Public Ownership October Revolution Led by Bolsheviks Withdrew from 1 st World War End of Menshevik Rule Land was distributed to Farmers Factories, Banks etc under Public Ownership

107 In 1924, a new Constitution came and Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) was formed

108 CHINESE REVOLUTION

109 China Gained Profit By Export No Import from Europe British Imported Opium Chinese Mentally Imbalanced Weakened China Morally & Economically

110 Trade in China by Europeans Not America John Hey American State Secretary Introduced it Equal Rights & Opportunities for all Countries in China. China was divided into different Regions

111 Boxer Rebellion Manchu Dynasty in favour of Foreigners Secret Organization in China Revolted against it in 1900 Their Emblem was Boxer s Fist It Stimulated the Later Revolutions

112 Revolution Under Sun Yat Sen Nationalism Expel Manchu Dynasty & Imperial Powers Democracy Establish Democratic Rule Dr. Sun Yat Sen Socialism Control Capital & Equal Land Distribution

113 Koumingtang Party Chinese Communist Party

114 Activity 10 List the Reforms by Sun Yat Sen in China

115 Reforms by Sun Yat Sen End of Monarchy & Manchu Dynasty Republican Govt. by Kuomintang Party Leader was Sun Yat Sen Nationalism, Democracy, Socialism were the Ideologies Nullified the Unjust Treaties with Foreigners Importance for Agriculture & Industry Received Assistance from Russia Chinese Communist Party was Formed Kuomintang & Communists Co-operated

116 Chiang Kei Sheko He became the Head after Sun Yat Sen o Military Autocracy in China o No Co-operation with Communists o Foreign Powers Came back o Communists were brutally Suppressed o Leadership of Mao Zedong

117 National Revolutionary Army Red Army Long March

118 Revolution Under Mao Zedong Mau Ze Dong Circumstances Unjust Treaties with Foreigners Non Co-operation with Communists Military Autocracy

119 Revolution Under Mao Zedong 1934 Long March Kiangsi to Yanan Seized Agricultural Land from Lords and given to Farmers Covered Kms Mao & Communist Party became the Symbol of Struggle against Foreigners 1949 People s Republic of China under Mao

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121 Activity 11 Compare the Revolutions and Complete the Table

122 Revolutions American French L. American Russian Chinese Period , 1949 Leaders Aims Ideologies Freedom Thinkers Impact George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin Democracy, Freedom, Liberation of Colonies John Locke, Thomas Paine Liberation of Colonies, Formation of USA, Declaration of Independence Against the Exploitation of King, Clergy, Lords Freedom, Equality, Fraternity, Rise of Middle Class Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu End of Feudalism, Rise of Middle Class, Declaration of Human Rights Francisco Miranda, Simon Bolivar, Jose De Martin Freedom of Latin America, Protection for their Culture Influence of American & French Revolution Freedom of Latin America Lenin, Trotsky, Kerensky End of Monarchy, Domination of Proletariat Socialism, Communism Karl Mark, Engels & Writers Expansion of Communism, Formation of USSR Sun Yat-Sen, Mao Zedong Freedom from Monarchy & Foreign Domination Socialism, Communism People s Republic of China, Expansion of Communism

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124 Activities

125 Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi.,His.) HSA(Social Science) St. Mary s H.S. Palliport mamichaelma@gmail.com