Title Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Answer these questions in your notes...

Transcription

1 Title Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Answer these questions in your notes... Would you have executed King Louis? Does this violate Enlightenment principles? Why or why not? Is the guillotine an example of cruel and unusual punishment? Why or why not? In the U.S. we have the death penalty. How are the executions during the Reign of Terror similar to this? How are they different?

2 The Rise and Fall of Napoleon

3 Napoleon Rises to Power joined army during Revolution and proclaimed a hero by defending the National Convention from royalists appointed by the Directory to lead French army against Austria

4 Napoleon Rises to Power Directory lost power and Napoleon seized power in a Coup d Etat Napoleon signs treaty with European powers and ushers in a period of peace

5 Napoleon as Elected Consul a plebiscite, or vote of the people, approved new constitution and Napoleon

6 Napoleon as Elected Consul 1. economy = enforced tax collection and national banking system 2. government = elected trained officials 3. education = set up lycees (gov t run schools)

7 Napoleon as Elected Consul 4. religion = signed a concordat (agreement) with the Pope which recognized the Church s influence 5. Napoleonic Code = uniform set of laws and eliminated injustice but limited actual liberties

8 Napoleon as Emperor decided to make himself emperor and the French supported him

9 Napoleon as Emperor goal: world domination

10 Napoleon as Emperor Failure in the New World: Haitian Revolution sold holdings in North America ---> Louisiana Purchase

11 Napoleon as Emperor In Europe: forced Austria, Prussia, and Russia to sign peace treaties largest empire since Roman Empire couldn t invade Britain = lost at Battle of Trafalgar

12 Napoleon s Mistakes 1. Continental System: blockade to separate Britain from mainland Europe a. wanted to make Europe more self-sufficient b. weak - still allowed for British trade c. British responded with larger blockade

13 Napoleon s Mistakes 2. Peninsular War: Napoleon tried to force Portugal to adhere to Continental System a. sent forces through Spain which upset them b. Spanish guerrillas, peasant fighters, attacked French army c. lost 300,000 men

14 Napoleon s Mistakes 3. Invasion of Russia: a. Russia kept sending the British food ---> Napoleon invaded b. Scorched-earth policy: burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock so Napoleon s troops could not eat anything c. Russian winters extreme- forced to withdraw

15 What do Napoleon s mistakes have in common?

16 Downfall of Napoleon all European powers declare war on France Napoleon surrendered and gave up his position; banished to Elba Louis XVIII took over (the executed king s brother)

17 Downfall of Napoleon Napoleon tried to regain power- escaped Elba and briefly became emperor again Waterloo = Napoleon attacked British forces in Belgium, England able to push French back defeat ended Napoleon s last attempt at power

18 Downfall of Napoleon ended the Hundred Days (Napoleon s last reign as emperor) = banished to St. Helena

19 Practice Identification Continental System

20 Peer Grade write your name below their ID 4 points = who, what, where (did they ID this term in detail) 1 point = significance (course theme or BIG IDEA) write: one positive comment one helpful critique

21 Study Strategy Think of a strategy that would help you remember the Continental System for the test. It could be a: rhyme, slogan, picture, mnemonic device etc...

22 Fill in TOC English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Notes (11/13) American Revolution Notes and Scavenger Hunt (11/14) French Revolution Notes (11/17) Annotated Declaration of the Rights of Man with Paragraph Chart (11/18) Reign of Terror Notes and Questions (11/19) Rise and Fall of Napoleon Notes with Identifications (11/20) World-wide Revolution Notes with Summary (11/21) French Revolution/ Napoleon Chart (11/ 24)

23 World-wide Revolutions

24 Haitian Revolution 500,000 Africans enslaved working on French plantations August 1791: slaves rose up to revolt led by Toussaint L Overture made agreement with French: free slaves in exchange for no rebellion sent to prison in France

25 Haitian Revolution revolution movement took over by Jean-Jacques Dessalines January 1, 1804: Haiti declared independent country first black colony to free itself from European control

26 Latin America Simon Bolivar declared independence for Venezuela from Spain in 1811 independence won in 1821

27 Latin America Jose de San Martin declared Argentina s independence in 1816 also freed Chile and Peru from Spanish control

28 Latin America Bolivar and San Martin joined forces ---> unified forces under Bolivar last battle against Spanish = Battle of Ayacucho in Peru creation of Gran Colombia

29 Mexico independence led by Miguel Hidalgo priest influenced by Enlightenment led 80,000 people to Mexico City defeated by Spanish Jose Maria Morelos = new leader of Mexican independence movement, lasted four years

30 Mexico Agustin de Iturbide overthrew Morelos and declared independence from Mexico in 1821

31 Brazil The royal family of Portugal escaped to Brazil when Napoleon invaded during the Peninsular Wars = set up capital in Rio de Janeiro 14 years- ruled out of Brazil

32 Brazil after Napoleon was defeated, the royal family returned to Portugal Brazilians did not want to become a colony again and demanded independence in 1822 won independence in a bloodless takeover

33 Work on: 1) Homework 2) Study guide 3) putting together your notebook