11/13/2018 BELL RINGER CHAPTER 7. Section 2 1. THE ASSEMBLY REFORMS FRANCE

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1 BELL RINGER Who has inspired you? CHAPTER 7 Section 2 1. THE ASSEMBLY REFORMS FRANCE Declaration of the Rights of Man Liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression Liberty, Equality and Farternity Olympe de Googes Published declaration of the rights of woman 1

2 1. THE ASSEMBLY REFORMS FRANCE Catholic Church Lands taken and sold Officials to be elected and state funded Peasants opposed reforms 1. THE ASSEMBLY REFORMS FRANCE Louis XVI tried escaping to Austria but was caught New Constitution Limited Constitutional Monarch Legislative Assembly 2. DIVISIONS DEVELOP New constitution created a limited constitutional monarchy and a new Legislative Assembly Legislative body that had the power to create laws and to approve or reject declaration of war 2

3 2. DIVISIONS DEVELOP Left, right and Moderate Left- sweeping changes in government Moderates- some changes Right- few changes in government 2. DIVISIONS DEVELOP Émigrés Nobility and others wanted Old Regime to return 2. DIVISIONS DEVELOP San-culottes People who wanted greater change those without knee breeches 3

4 3. WAR AND EXECUTION Austria and Prussia Urged France to restore Louis Legislative Assembly declares war Prussia threatens to burn Paris Louis and family thrown in prison 3. WAR AND EXECUTION Constitution suspended (1791) National Convention took office France becomes a Republic September Massacre Mob raided prison and killed over 1K (1792) 3. WAR AND EXECUTION Jacobins Radical political organization Jean-Paul Marat 4

5 3. WAR AND EXECUTION Guillotine Invented by Dr. Guillotin as a efficient, humane way of killing. King Louis XVI tried for treason and beheaded 4. TERROR GRIPS FRANCE Maximilien Robespierre Jacobin leader who wanted to wipe out every trace of France s past, head Committee of Public Safety Reign of Terror Period in which many political figures and ordinary people were executed (40K killed) 5

6 4. TERROR GRIPS FRANCE Out of fear National Assembly turn on Robespierre BELL RINGER Who has inspired you? TODAY IN WORLD HISTORY Vietnam Veterans Memorial dedicated (1982) Darryl Dawkins breaks his first backboard (1979) 6

7 SECTION 3 Napoleon Bonaparte, a military genius, seized power in France and made himself emperor Napoleon Bonaparte Protected National Convection (1795) Leader of the army (1796) Coup d'état (1799) Peace in Europe (1802) Plebiscite Vote of the people New Constitution Strengthen central government and goals of Revolution Lycées Government run public school 7

8 National Bank/Tax collection Lycées Government run public school Graduates hired on merit No girls allowed Concordat Agreement Church Influence No Church control of national affairs Gained support of the Church Napoleonic Code Comprehensive system of laws Uniform set of laws Limited liberty Restored slavery 8

9 Emperor Napoleon (1804) To be ruled by a weak supreme power is the most frightful calamity to befall humans I have had only one thought; as Emperor I have no other: the prosperity of France Saint Domingue (Haiti) Toussaint L Ouverture Led slave revolt Disease/rebel fighters hamper French attack Napoleon offers to sell Louisiana Territory $15 million (307 million) Beneficial for France Get money Strengthen America 9

10 Annexed Austrian Netherlands, parts of Italy Britain, Russia, Austria and Sweden attack Battle of Austerlitz (1805) Battle of Trafalgar (1805) Navel defeat for Napoleon British Navy split French fleet Outcome British Navy Supremacy Gave up plans for British invasion Countries free of Napoleon control Britain, Portugal, Sweden, & Ottoman Empire 10

11 Napoleon Divorces wife Marries Marie Louise (Austria) Napoleon II born (son) Blockade on British ports (1806) Forcible closure of sea ports Prevent British trade Continental System Make continental Europe self-sufficient War of 1812 (lasted 2 years) Britain forced neutral ships to British ports Neutral ships searched and taxed America declares war 11

12 Peninsula War (Iberian Peninsula) Napoleon sent troops through Spain Spanish King protested/replaced Spanish people become nationalistic Spanish feared an attack on the Church Peninsula War cont. Guerrillas Spanish peasant fighters Britain helped the Spanish Napoleon lost 300K troops Nationalism Loyalty to ones country Invasion of Russia (June 1812) Czar Alexander I Sold grain to Britain France & Russia had competing plans for Poland 12

13 Invasion of Russia cont. (June 1812) Napoleon s Grand Army (422K) Scorched-earth policy Burning fields/killing livestock, nothing for the enemy to eat Battle of Borodino (Sept 1812) Two armies meet, Russia retreats Russia burns Moscow Winter, hunger & exhaustion Napoleon must retreat 10K French troops left Napoleon's Downfall Prussia, Sweden, Britain and Russia attack Defeat at Leipzig Prussia and Russia march into Paris 13

14 Napoleon accepted surrender terms (1814) Napoleon exiled to Italian island (Elba) Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI) Disliked by the peasants Napoleon escapes (1815) Army swells with volunteers (inexperienced ) Battle of Waterloo (Belgium) Duke of Ellington (British) Prussia army joins Battle of Waterloo cont. Combined forces defeat Napoleon Hundred Days Napoleon s last bid of power Napoleon sent to St. Helena (South Atlantic) 14

15 Do not Write Napoleon Section 5 Congress of Vienna ( ) Meetings of European leaders Goal: Collective security and stability Prince Klemens von Metternich Distrusted ideas of French Revolution Section 5 Prince Klemens von Metternich cont. 3 goals of Congress of Vienna Prevent future French aggression Restore balance of power Restore Europe s royal families 15

16 Section 5 Balance of Power No country strong enough to attack another Legitimacy Hereditary right of a monarch to rule Return of former monarchs to stabilize power Section 5 Strong neighbors for France Kingdom of Netherlands - united Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic German Confederation - 39 states Switzerland - independent Kingdom of Sardinia (Italy) strengthened Section 5 Holy Alliance (1815) Emperor Francis I (Prussia) King Fredrick William III (Austria) Christian principles used for relations with other countries 16

17 Section 5 Concert of Europe Other nations help during revolution Creoles Colonists born in Spanish America Peninsulares Colonists born in Spain Section 5 Spanish King attempts to restore control Mexico revolted, gained independence Brazil declares independence from Portugal Section 5 Legacy of Congress of Vienna France power weakened Britain, Prussia power increased Nationalism spreads to Germany, Italy Greece 17

18 Section 5 How did the council of Vienna restore order and peace in Europe? DO NOT WRITE French Death Masks Robespierre Vision problems, nose bleeds, smallpox scares, DO NOT WRITE Napoleon 18

19 DO NOT WRITE This cast was taken from the face of Napoleon Bonaparte, as he lay dead at Longwood, St. Helena. 7 th May 2821, which I do herby certify DO NOT WRITE February 11,

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