Northern Ireland during World War II

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Northern Ireland during World War II"

Transcription

1 Northern Ireland during World War II

2 POLITICAL BACKGROUND N.I. as part of U.K. involved in war from start. Unionists welcomed chance to stress their loyalty in contrast to Free State neutrality. P.M. Craigavon elderly and in poor health. Did little to prepare for war believed N.I. in little danger. London happy to concentrate defence measures in other cities.

3

4 Lord Craigavon and J.M. Andrews (with moustache next to Craigavon)

5 WARTIME ECONOMY Depression in the 1930 s war yearsexperienced a boom. Unemployment fell from 30% 5%- no. of factors Expansion of industry Enlistment in army, navy etc... Migration to British factories Some industrial unrest- although strikes illegal over 250 occurred- 6,000 workers imprisoned for interfering with war effort.

6 Ship-building 140 warships produced by Harland & Wolfe (also merchant ships, tanks and aircraft) Shorts Bros. built 1,200 Stirling bomber planes. Naval equipment manufactured in Antrim. 1943: Brit. Govt. took over H & W and Shorts Brosmerged them.

7 Textile Industry Linen Industry disrupted: Russia, Belgium & Francehad been main source of flax. However textile Industry benefited from war: 2 million parachutes uniforms tents etc... manufactured in N.I. employed high no. of women.

8

9 Farming N.I. produced agricultural produce for Britainvital. By end of war 800,000 acres under tillage (compulsory) - oats, potatoes & wheat. Cattle: ¾ million in million by end of war. Farmers got govt. grants, subsidies & guaranteed prices for their produce.

10 Food being grown in grounds of Queens University

11 Preparing for war-insufficient? 1st 6 mths. food rationing, travel restrictions and censorship introduced. But life in Ulster remained largely unchanged at beginning of war. Genuine belief at highest levels that war would not affect N.I. -too insignificant militarily. Therefore lack of preparation to cope with attackbelfast City Council did little to make provisions for attack i.e. organising drills, building bomb shelters & supplying gas masks. Many felt this was responsibility of Central Govt. therefore when war broke out Belfast was poorly defended.

12 Preparing for bombing raids The Air Raid Precautions Act, set up structures to deal with fire-fighting, gas attacks, evacuation of children, building of air raid shelters and blackout. Weeks leading up to war Belfast s fire services put on full alert. Belfast Corporation painted all kerbs, lampposts & telephone poles blackout. Public transport vehicles painted dull blue- drove with lights dimmed. Stormont castle painted dark colour to avoid it being bombed

13

14 Other measures taken Trenches dug in public parks and schools to use in case of surprise attack. 1 million sandbags distributed by Ministry of Home Affairs- help protect public buildings from blast damage. 1 million gas masks requested only 420,000 received. Bomb shelters built (insufficient numbers)

15

16 The Stormont Government preparations for war In 1939 Craigavon in poor health Cabinet were mostly older Government do not seemed to have realised threat to N.I. From war Responded to crisis by establishing the Ministry of Public Security (led by John McDermott) responsibility for civil defence. Andrews replaced Craigavon (1941) Brooke replaced Andrews (1943)

17 Recruitment 1939: Military Training Act- introduced conscription in Britain. but not extended to N.I. (because of protests by nationalists & Catholic bishops- accepted by Chamberlain much to disgust of Craigavon). Unionist Govt. called on people to join British forces- embarrassment at slow response- 2,000 p/m 1,000 p/m by mid-1940.(in all 38,000 joined British forces in N.I. about 50% southerners who crossed border to join up).

18 Local Defence Volunteers-Home Guard 1939: Major Frank Eastwood appointed as full-time air raid precautions officer. Called for 16,000 vols. to join Local Defence Volunteers (LDV) force- part time army. Only got 3,000- unwillingness to volunteer problem for duration of war. LDV renamed Home Guard in 1940 by Churchill.

19

20 Recruitment to LDV May 1940: Sir Basil Brooke (Min for Agriculture) appointed to spearhead drive for recruits for LDV and organise recruitment for Army. Odd choice- known to be v. sectarian. (insisted B Specials form basis of new body- feared nationalists getting guns or training through LDV) Craigavon considered withholding employment assistance from those who refused to enlist for LDVrejected for fear of backlash.

21

22

23 Changes after the Fall of France, 1940 After fall of France in 1940 fears of invasion increasedlikely S. Ire would be used. Britain stationed 100,000 troops in North. Apart from soldiers war made little impact on everyday life in Some foods unavailable. Shopping queues. -Rationing alleviated by cross-border smuggling. -Townspeople grew own veg. & kept poultry. -Blackout not strictly enforced.

24

25 A new Prime Minister for Northern Ireland 1940 J.M. Andrews replaced Craigavon (died Nov. 40) death changed little. Seemed more concerned with nationalist threat than that posed by Hitlerurged only loyal people be employed by govt.

26 Increased risk of bombing by Germany With cities in Britain under constant attack there was little anti- aircraft material to spare for defence of Belfast. City now prime target for enemy attack- now marked improvements in attempt to defend North against attack. Belfast now of vital military importance. Belfast (& Derry) bases for anti- submarine and convoy protection groups. Extra anti- aircraft machinery put in place along coastlines of Antrim and Derry.

27

28 CASE STUDY: BELFAST DURING WORLD WAR II

29 Nov. 1940: reconnaissance flights by Luftwaffe- took photos of city incl. main factories

30

31 1st attack on Belfast: 7th April 1941 (the 'Dockside Raid') Carried out by 6 German bombers Targeted dockside area of the city No air raid siren warned of attack 13 deaths & 81 injured 17 fires as a result Dockyards damaged However relatively small-scale attack Govt. played down threat hampered evacuation attempts and recruitment of badly needed firemen and volunteers

32

33 2nd attack on Belfast: 15th /16th April 1941 (The Easter Tuesday Raid) Luftwaffe carried out mass raid 180 aircraft- lasted 5 hrs 200 hundred tonnes of high explosives droppedmuch landed on terraced houses occupied by the poor of Belfast. 76 landmines dropped Huge loss of life (900 estimated), 600 injured (estimate) & destruction to property 1000,000 temporarily homeless- mass exodus from city

34 Damage caused in April bombing of Belfast th th Road, rail tracks & tramways also damaged Telephone network seriously disrupted Public warned to boil water fear of poisoning Electricity output at half power & gas at 75% Industrial output fell to 25% of pre-blitz levels. 140 separate fires blazing- Home Guard unable to cope

35

36 Free State and the Belfast Bombing 15th-16th April 1941 McDermott asked Dublin to help- DeV agreed. (in breach of policy of strict neutrality) 13 engines and 70 firemen rushed to Belfast through the night from Dublin, Dun Laoghaire, Dundalk & Drogheda. Decision may have been influenced by Cardinal Joseph McRoryfeared Protestant areas would get priority. Free state fire fighters shocked at conditions in Belfast. Bombs had cut through water mains- without high pressure hoses little they could do. Small gesture but very important- 1st official contact between north and south in almost 2 decades. Govt. and people of N.I. grateful for assistance.

37

38

39

40

41

42

43 3 attack on Belfast: 4 /5 May 1941 (the Fire Raid) rd th th Luftwaffe s last major attack on Belfast 3 hr attack 200 aircraft dropped 100,000 bombs & 237 tonnes of high explosives. Over 200 buildings destroyed H &W shipyard badly damaged incl. several ships in process of building. 6th mths before production could resume. Few people died- bombs fell in less populated areas & many had been evacuated.

44 Destruction of housing Nearly 60,000 houses in Belfast destroyed or damaged. 150,000 permanently homeless & 100,000 temporarily. Public morale at all-time low- many fled city.

45 Evacuation Ministry of Public Security- organised evacuation of the city. Mothers of small children, the old and the sick priority. Housed in hotels and hostels awaiting evacuation. 19th April: 25,000 left city by train. By June ,000 temporarily left Belfast. (5,000 to Dublin) Many evacuees were middle-class caused resentment among the working class- left to struggle in ruined city.

46

47 Destruction Estimated 1,100 died in bombing raids in Belfast. 20 million worth of damage to property. Widespread destruction to property of Belfast required massive programme of reconstruction after the war.

48 Northern Nationalists and the War Ambivalent about the war. Not encouraged by unionists to become involved. (i.e. Brooke & Andrews) 1939: some nationalists refused to observe blackout & burned their gasmasks. Attitude changed somewhat after the bombing of Belfast in Many nationalists joined British forces- they had highest unemployment rate.

49 The Northern I.R.A. and the War Internment imposed in 1939 after bombing in Britain. Internment also introduced by the Free State government. 700 I.R.A. interned in Northern Ireland IRA had more support among community in north than in South Revival in activity by new leaders after 1942 Killed members of RUC Internment in North and South made it difficult for I.R.A. to remain active for long. By end of war I.R.A. seriously weakened.

50 Churchill s Offer of Unity P.M. shocked by Churchill s offer of unity to Dev. Sir Basil Brooke (replaced Andrews as P.M. in 1943) more pragmatic felt may be necessary to save Brit. from Nazi occupation.

51 Sir Basil Brooke

52 Widened gulf between North and South Free State neutrality- distanced itself from Britain whilst N.I. strengthened position in U.K. by being part of war effort. War brought prosperity to North but economic stagnation to South. In North contact with wider world through foreign troops (Americans stationed in North from 1941). No similar experience in South. North- horrific bombing. South- only minor damage. Widened gulf between North and South that had become apparent in the 1930 s. By 1949 when Free State left the Commonwealth partition had become entrenched.

53 American Forces in Northern Ireland 1942 American troops stationed in N.I. By ,000 US troops there Benefitted the local economy Some conflicts with locals About 1,500 NI women married US soldiers Advice for soldiers based in Northern Ireland: Every American soldier is an ambassador of good will. Don't criticize the food, the beer, the cigarettes. Avoid arguing religion or politics. Don't throw your money around. Don't tell them - let them tell you. In dealings with the people of Northern ireland, let this be your slogan : It's common decency to treat your friends well; it is a military necessity to treat your allies well.

Northern Ireland during World War II

Northern Ireland during World War II Northern Ireland during World War II CASE STUDY: BELFAST DURING WORLD WAR II POLITICAL BACKGROUND N.I. as part of U.K. involved in war from start (September 1939). Unionists welcomed chance to stress their

More information

NORTHERN IRELAND: A DIVIDED COMMUNITY, CABINET PAPERS OF THE STORMONT ADMINISTRATION

NORTHERN IRELAND: A DIVIDED COMMUNITY, CABINET PAPERS OF THE STORMONT ADMINISTRATION http://gdc.gale.com/archivesunbound/ NORTHERN IRELAND: A DIVIDED COMMUNITY, 1921-1972 CABINET PAPERS OF THE STORMONT ADMINISTRATION The history of Ireland in the twentieth century was dominated by the

More information

The Labour Government in Westminster and Northern Ireland

The Labour Government in Westminster and Northern Ireland The IRA In the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s the IRA were not very strong or active in Northern Ireland During World War II, both the Northern Ireland and Irish Free State governments interned IRA members (imprisoned

More information

Revision Guide. Unit 3b: War and the transformation of British society c

Revision Guide. Unit 3b: War and the transformation of British society c Revision Guide Unit 3b: War and the transformation of British society c.1931-51 Topic 1: The impact of the Depression Contextual knowledge At the end of WWI the only financial help for the unemployed was

More information

The British Parliament

The British Parliament Chapter 1 The Act of Union Ireland had had its own parliament and government in the 1780s but after the Act of Union 1800 Irish Members of Parliament had to travel to London and sit in Westminster with

More information

WORLD WAR 1. Causes of WWI

WORLD WAR 1. Causes of WWI WORLD WAR 1 1914-1918 Causes of WWI 1. Imperialism: Germany, France, & Great Britain Scramble for power and claim to lands in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific 2. Militarism Aggressive build up of a nation

More information

Canada socially, politically, and economically?

Canada socially, politically, and economically? CHAPTER 5 Canada and the Second World War Timeframe: 1939-1945 Guiding Question: How did the Second World War impact Canada socially, politically, and economically? Causes of the Second World War: (Notes

More information

The Experiences of The Two Irelands During. The Second World War. Sarah McDonough. Two Ireland s Of The 20th Century. John Cunningham.

The Experiences of The Two Irelands During. The Second World War. Sarah McDonough. Two Ireland s Of The 20th Century. John Cunningham. The Experiences of The Two Irelands During The Second World War Sarah McDonough 13101244 Two Ireland s Of The 20th Century John Cunningham 1,566 Words October 28, 2013 1 During World War II, Ireland claimed

More information

*GHY11* History. Unit 1: Studies in Depth. Foundation Tier [GHY11] MONDAY 3 JUNE, AFTERNOON. TIME 2 hours.

*GHY11* History. Unit 1: Studies in Depth. Foundation Tier [GHY11] MONDAY 3 JUNE, AFTERNOON. TIME 2 hours. Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2013 History Unit 1: Studies in Depth Foundation Tier [GHY11] *GHY11* GHY11 MONDAY 3 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS

More information

What were the main Social and Economic changes in

What were the main Social and Economic changes in What were the main Social and Economic changes in NI 1943-1969? The period of 1943-1969 in NI was a time of great social and economic unrest. Tensions between Catholics and Protestants penetrated almost

More information

German Advances. Hitler breaks the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1942, and attacks the Soviet Union.

German Advances. Hitler breaks the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1942, and attacks the Soviet Union. German Advances In the spring of 1940 Germany enters France. The Germans have already attacked Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg. The allies must retreat from the Nazis to the beaches of

More information

World War I. The Great War, The War to End All Wars

World War I. The Great War, The War to End All Wars World War I { The Great War, The War to End All Wars M Militarism: Fascination with war and a strong military A Alliances: Agreements among varying nations to help each other out I Imperialism: Building

More information

World War II: The Road to War. Pages

World War II: The Road to War. Pages World War II: The Road to War Pages 566-591 Student Chapter Objectives Describe the Versailles Treaty s and its relationship to Germany in the 1930 s. Explain how Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin and Hirohito

More information

WORLD HISTORY WORLD WAR II

WORLD HISTORY WORLD WAR II WORLD HISTORY WORLD WAR II BOARD QUESTIONS 1) WHO WAS THE LEADER OF GERMANY IN THE 1930 S? 2) WHO WAS THE LEADER OF THE SOVIET UNION DURING WWII? 3) LIST THE FIRST THREE STEPS OF HITLER S PLAN TO DOMINATE

More information

History. World War I. ANZACs Return Home. Stills from our new series

History. World War I. ANZACs Return Home. Stills from our new series History Stills from our new series World War I This is a series of archival footage from a variety of news sources, recorded during World War I. Teachers are advised that the contents may be disturbing

More information

Here we go again. EQ: Why was there a WWII?

Here we go again. EQ: Why was there a WWII? Here we go again. EQ: Why was there a WWII? In the 1930s, all the world was suffering from a depression not just the U.S.A. Europeans were still trying to rebuild their lives after WWI. Many of them could

More information

Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Reading Essentials and Study Guide Lesson 3 The Home Front and Civilians ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does war impact society and the environment? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary widespread widely extended or spread out circumstances a determining

More information

Canada s Response to the War

Canada s Response to the War Canada s Response to the War Canada is isolationist Prime Minister William Lyon MacKenzie did not want Canada to get involved in another war. Canada was very divided about conscription and Canada lost

More information

Name: Class: Date: World War II and the Holocaust: Reading Essentials and Study Guide: Lesson 3

Name: Class: Date: World War II and the Holocaust: Reading Essentials and Study Guide: Lesson 3 Reading Essentials and Study Guide World War II and the Holocaust Lesson 3 The Home Front and Civilians ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does war impact society and the environment? Reading HELPDESK Content Vocabulary

More information

Social Studies Chapter 6: The Great War

Social Studies Chapter 6: The Great War Social Studies Chapter 6: The Great War Name: I. The War Begins A. Causes of the War in Europe 1. a. empire building (conquering lands) b. needed more materials 2. militarism a. belief that using is a

More information

2014 Brain Wrinkles. Origins and Consequences

2014 Brain Wrinkles. Origins and Consequences Origins and Consequences Standards SS5H7 The student will discuss the origins and consequences of the Cold War. a. Explain the origin and meaning of the term Iron Curtain. b. Explain how the United States

More information

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Turning Points in World War II

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Turning Points in World War II Turning Points in World War II Objectives Understand how nations devoted all of their resources to fighting World War II. Explain how Allied victories began to push back the Axis powers. Describe D-Day

More information

NATIONAL ARCHIVES IRELAND

NATIONAL ARCHIVES IRELAND NATIONAL ARCHIVES IRELAND Reference Code: 2007/116/742 Creation Date(s): February 1977 Extent and medium: 6 pages Creator(s): Department of the Taoiseach Access Conditions: Open Copyright: National Archives,

More information

1. In 1914, combined to drag Europe into a world war. 1. Among the powers of Europe, nationalism caused a desire to.

1. In 1914, combined to drag Europe into a world war. 1. Among the powers of Europe, nationalism caused a desire to. Name Class Period Chapter 11: World War I (The Great War) and Beyond 1914-1920 Lecture Notes Section 1: From Neutrality to War (pages 282-291) I What Caused World War I? A What caused World War I, and

More information

The Home Rule Party 1870 to 1914

The Home Rule Party 1870 to 1914 The Home Rule Party The Home Rule Party (at various times known as The Home Rule League, The Home Government Association, The Irish Parliamentary Party) campaigned for 'Home Rule' for Ireland (an Irish

More information

C. Rebuilding a Nation (ca ca. 1914) 2.Increasing Influence and Challenges f. Identify and evaluate the factors that influenced U.S.

C. Rebuilding a Nation (ca ca. 1914) 2.Increasing Influence and Challenges f. Identify and evaluate the factors that influenced U.S. World War I Part 2 C. Rebuilding a Nation (ca. 1877- ca. 1914) 2.Increasing Influence and Challenges f. Identify and evaluate the factors that influenced U.S. imperialism in the late nineteenth and early

More information

Unit 5: World War I and the Great Depression

Unit 5: World War I and the Great Depression DO NOT LOSE ME!!!!! Unit 5: World War I and the Great Depression Standard 7-4 Goal: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the causes and effects of world conflicts in the first half of the twentieth

More information

The Falange Espanola: Spanish Fascism

The Falange Espanola: Spanish Fascism Spanish Civil War The Falange Espanola: Spanish Fascism Fascism reared its ugly head. Similar to Nazi party and Italian Fascist party. Anti-parliamentary and sought one-party rule. Not racist but attached

More information

James Craig MP, 1 st Viscount Craigavon ( )

James Craig MP, 1 st Viscount Craigavon ( ) James Craig MP, 1 st Viscount Craigavon (1871-1940) The strength of Britain rests in the value of her citizenship, and if her citizenship is worth anything at all it is certainly worth fighting for. Image

More information

World War I. The Great War, The War to End All Wars

World War I. The Great War, The War to End All Wars World War I { The Great War, The War to End All Wars M Militarism: Fascination with war and a strong military A Alliances: Agreements among varying nations to help each other out I Imperialism: Building

More information

WORLD WAR II BEGINS. Invasion of Poland (Sept. 1, 1939) 3/30/10

WORLD WAR II BEGINS. Invasion of Poland (Sept. 1, 1939) 3/30/10 WORLD WAR II BEGINS Invasion of Poland (Sept. 1, 1939) The German invasion was called the Blitzkrieg or Lightning War Struck with tanks called Panzers, air force called Luftwaffe, and infantry -- quick

More information

Introduction to World War II By USHistory.org 2017

Introduction to World War II By USHistory.org 2017 Name: Class: Introduction to World War II By USHistory.org 2017 World War II was the second global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The war involved a majority of the world s countries, and it is considered

More information

World History (Survey) Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present

World History (Survey) Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present World History (Survey) Chapter 33: Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present Section 1: Two Superpowers Face Off The United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II. In February

More information

The Western Democracies Stumble. Chapter 13 Section 2

The Western Democracies Stumble. Chapter 13 Section 2 The Western Democracies Stumble Chapter 13 Section 2 Post-War European Problems In 1919, after WWI, Britain, France, and the USA the three democracies - appeared powerful However, postwar Europe faced

More information

1. Militarism 2. Alliances 3. Imperialism 4. Nationalism

1. Militarism 2. Alliances 3. Imperialism 4. Nationalism 1. Militarism 2. Alliances 3. Imperialism 4. Nationalism Policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war Led to arms race Different nations formed military alliances with one another

More information

Canada & The First American War Pt. 1. Kali Fourte & Tionne Harris

Canada & The First American War Pt. 1. Kali Fourte & Tionne Harris Canada & The First American War Pt. 1 Kali Fourte & Tionne Harris Key Concepts Change Continuity Key Questions Key Concepts & To what extent did participation in the First World War affect national unity

More information

CPWH Agenda for Unit 12.3: Clicker Review Questions World War II: notes Today s HW: 31.4 Unit 12 Test: Wed, April 13

CPWH Agenda for Unit 12.3: Clicker Review Questions World War II: notes Today s HW: 31.4 Unit 12 Test: Wed, April 13 Essential Question: What caused World War II? What were the major events during World War II from 1939 to 1942? CPWH Agenda for Unit 12.3: Clicker Review Questions World War II: 1939-1942 notes Today s

More information

The pressures on anti-war activism inside the British Labour Party. The Phoney War between September 1939 and April 1940, when no

The pressures on anti-war activism inside the British Labour Party. The Phoney War between September 1939 and April 1940, when no 1 The pressures on anti-war activism inside the British Labour Party 1939-40. The Phoney War between September 1939 and April 1940, when no land warfare took place in Western Europe, created an opportunity

More information

THE COMING OF WORLD WAR II

THE COMING OF WORLD WAR II THE COMING OF WORLD WAR II 1935-1941 Rise of Totalitarian States Totalitarianism theory of government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social and cultural lives of people. Some

More information

5. Base your answer on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

5. Base your answer on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. Name: 1. To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the 1) money borrowed from foreign governments 2) sale of war bonds 3) sale of United States manufactured goods to

More information

WHY DID THE UNITED STATES ENTER THE WAR?

WHY DID THE UNITED STATES ENTER THE WAR? WHY DID THE UNITED STATES ENTER THE WAR? Background: The USA was NEUTRAL when the war started in 1914. Americans saw WWI as an imperialist squabble of old Europe. Also, the USA was making money from the

More information

Apprentice Boys of Derry (Case Study) POLITICS & SOCIETY IN NORTHERN IRELAND,

Apprentice Boys of Derry (Case Study) POLITICS & SOCIETY IN NORTHERN IRELAND, Apprentice Boys of Derry (Case Study) POLITICS & SOCIETY IN NORTHERN IRELAND, 1949-1993 Apprentice Boys of Derry One of the Loyal Orders If the Orange Order primarily celebrates the victory of William

More information

Write the letter of the description that does NOT match the name or term.

Write the letter of the description that does NOT match the name or term. Page 1 Write the letter of the description that does NOT match the name or term. 1. Joseph Stalin a. totalitarian b. Communist c. launched a massive drive to collectivize agriculture d. entered into a

More information

World War I. United States History

World War I. United States History World War I United States History Section 1 Nationalism Arms Race Alliances Assassination of Austrian- Hungary Archduke Causes of War Nationalism Militarism Alliances -Devotion to one s nation. - A nation

More information

Period 7: World War I

Period 7: World War I Period 7: 1890 1945 World War I Neutrality to War In 1914 war breaks out among European nations after Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip President Woodrow Wilson

More information

Practice Paper 2 WWI & WWII WADOBBIE NOVEMBER 15, 2013

Practice Paper 2 WWI & WWII WADOBBIE NOVEMBER 15, 2013 Practice Paper 2 WWI & WWII WADOBBIE NOVEMBER 15, 2013 ANONY MOUS NOVEMBER 15, 2013 2. What do you understand by the term "total war"? Explain in what ways one twentieth century war could be called a total

More information

Module 2. Nationalism and the Autonomy of Canada ( )

Module 2. Nationalism and the Autonomy of Canada ( ) Module 2 Nationalism and the Autonomy of Canada (1896-1945) 1 Big Ideas for this Module Local, nation, and global conflicts can have lasting effects on the contemporary world Political decision making

More information

IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY

IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY IRELAND: A DIVIDED COUNTRY Key Focus: Why is Ireland a divided nation? Level Effort (1-5) House Points (/10) Comment: Target: Ipad/Internet research task Find a map of the British Isles and sketch or print

More information

Unit 3 Chapter 10. The First World War and Beyond

Unit 3 Chapter 10. The First World War and Beyond Unit 3 Chapter 10 The First World War and Beyond Page 2 of 12 Chapter 10 Emerging Canadian Independence p. 286-287 Word Bank gold ambassadors autonomy Governor General colony Skagway, Alaska Washington,

More information

American History 11R

American History 11R American History 11R American Foreign Policy after WWI Many Europeans saw American economic expansion as a form of imperialism and resented the fact that America did not share in the devastation of Europe.

More information

the Russian Revolution in 1917? Warm Up Question: calling themselves communists gained

the Russian Revolution in 1917? Warm Up Question: calling themselves communists gained Essential Question: How did Vladimir Lenin & the Bolsheviks transform Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917? Warm Up Question: Based on what you know about communism, why do you think people calling

More information

THE COMING OF WORLD WAR II

THE COMING OF WORLD WAR II THE COMING OF WORLD WAR II 1935-1941 Georgia Standards SSUSH18 The student will describe Franklin Roosevelt s New Deal as a response to the depression and compare the ways governmental programs aided those

More information

Sunday Bloody Sunday Web Quest. Historical, socio-cultural cultural and political issues

Sunday Bloody Sunday Web Quest. Historical, socio-cultural cultural and political issues Sunday Bloody Sunday Web Quest. Historical, socio-cultural cultural and political issues Answer the following questions based on the song Sunday Bloody Sunday. (link to lyrics and the song) Look and find

More information

Roots of Appeasement Adolf Hitler Treaty of Versailles reparation Luftwaffe Kreigesmarine Wehrmacht Lebensraum

Roots of Appeasement Adolf Hitler Treaty of Versailles reparation Luftwaffe Kreigesmarine Wehrmacht Lebensraum On October 1, 1938, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain returned to Great Britain to announce that peace with honor had been preserved by his signature in the Munich Pact. This was an agreement that gave

More information

U.S. History 2 - Final Exam Part 2

U.S. History 2 - Final Exam Part 2 Name: US History 2 - Final Exam - 2013-2014 - Part 2 1) The Agricultural Adjustment Administration tried to help farmers by a) helping small farmers become more b) paying them not to grow crops efficient

More information

Earl WWII Events Activity

Earl WWII Events Activity Earl WWII Events Activity 1. Underlying Causes of WWII 1. Totalitarianism- Japan = ruled by military Germany and Italy = fascist 2. Militarization in Axis nations (Japan, Italy, and Germany). All building

More information

PREFACE. This book aims to help students prepare for the O Level Combined Humanities History Elective Examination.

PREFACE. This book aims to help students prepare for the O Level Combined Humanities History Elective Examination. PREFACE This book aims to help students prepare for the O Level Combined Humanities History Elective Examination. This book is specially compiled to provide students with a quick and systematic overview

More information

American Isolationism & FDR s loopholeapalooza. Page 7

American Isolationism & FDR s loopholeapalooza. Page 7 American Isolationism & FDR s loopholeapalooza Page 7 d. Discuss the ties to Georgia that President Roosevelt had and his impact on the state. Chapter 11: Flappers, Depression, and Global War: SS8H9 The

More information

ITALY. One of the 1 st Dictatorships Benito Mussolini

ITALY. One of the 1 st Dictatorships Benito Mussolini IT BEGINS! LIGHTNING ROUND! We re going to fly through this quickly to get caught up. If you didn t get the notes between classes, you still need to get them on your own time! ITALY One of the 1 st Dictatorships

More information

The Differences Between the 2 Sides Under Soviet communism, the state controlled all property & economic activity In capitalistic America, private

The Differences Between the 2 Sides Under Soviet communism, the state controlled all property & economic activity In capitalistic America, private Although the US and Soviet Union had been allies in WWII, they emerged as rival superpowers They had very different ambitions for the future These differences created an icy tension that plunged the 2

More information

BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? What was the Soviet View? What was the Western view? What is a Cold War?

BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? What was the Soviet View? What was the Western view? What is a Cold War? BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? The 2 sides were enemies long before they were allies in WWII. Relations had been bad since 1917 as Russia had become communist and the

More information

The main terms of the Treaty of Versailles were:

The main terms of the Treaty of Versailles were: In 1919, Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson from the US met to discuss how Germany was to be made to pay for the damage world war one had caused. Woodrow

More information

THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS. US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2

THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS. US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2 THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2 THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS CONTAINING COMMUNISM MAIN IDEA The Truman Doctrine offered aid to any nation resisting communism; The Marshal Plan aided

More information

The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association

The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association Sample Essay What were the aims of the NICRA and how successful were they in achieving those aims? The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) was

More information

Ch 19-1 Postwar Havoc

Ch 19-1 Postwar Havoc Ch 19-1 Postwar Havoc The Main Idea Although the end of World War I brought peace, it did not ease the minds of many Americans, who found much to fear in postwar years. Content Statement 12/Learning Goal

More information

The War of British, local militia and First Nations fought together against the invaders and won many key battles.

The War of British, local militia and First Nations fought together against the invaders and won many key battles. The War of 1812 Tensions between Britain and the U.S. heated up again. -Britain stopped the Americans form trading with the French. - They kidnapped American sailors and forced them in to service for the

More information

Georgia High School Graduation Test Tutorial. World History from World War I to World War II

Georgia High School Graduation Test Tutorial. World History from World War I to World War II Georgia High School Graduation Test Tutorial World History from World War I to World War II Causes of World War I 1. Balkan Nationalism Causes of World War I 2. Entangled Alliances Causes of World War

More information

CRS Report for Congress

CRS Report for Congress Order Code RS21333 Updated September 27, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Summary Northern Ireland: The Peace Process Kristin Archick and Vince L. Morelli Foreign Affairs, Defense,

More information

World War II Leaders Battles Maps

World War II Leaders Battles Maps World War II Leaders Battles Maps Reign of the Dictator Italy Germany Soviet Union Japan Joseph Stalin Born in Gori, Georgia in 1879. Last name means steel in Russian. Seized power in USSR after Lenin

More information

USSR United Soviet Socialist Republic

USSR United Soviet Socialist Republic USSR United Soviet Socialist Republic United States Great Britain FDR Joseph Stalin Winston Churchill Truman Major Leaders of the War Franklin D. Roosevelt (Allied Power) U.S. President Elected in 1933

More information

U.S. History & Government Unit 12 WWII Do Now

U.S. History & Government Unit 12 WWII Do Now 1. Which precedent was established by the Nuremberg war crimes trials? (1) National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity. (2) Only individuals who actually commit murder during a

More information

Ascent of the Dictators. Mussolini s Rise to Power

Ascent of the Dictators. Mussolini s Rise to Power Ascent of the Dictators Mussolini s Rise to Power Benito Mussolini was born in Italy in 1883. During his early life he worked as a schoolteacher, bricklayer, and chocolate factory worker. In December 1914,

More information

The Cold War. Origins - Korean War

The Cold War. Origins - Korean War The Cold War Origins - Korean War What is a Cold War? WW II left two nations of almost equal strength but differing goals Cold War A struggle over political differences carried on by means short of direct

More information

What was the significance of the Coleraine University Controversy and/or the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry

What was the significance of the Coleraine University Controversy and/or the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry Coleraine and Apprentice Boys Sample essay What was the significance of the Coleraine University Controversy and/or the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry Both the Coleraine University controversy

More information

5th Social Studies practice test

5th Social Studies practice test Name: Instructions: Bubble in the correct answer. Read all choices before marking your answer. Copyright 2000-2002 Measured Progress, All Rights Reserved : 1. Which of the following was developed during

More information

W.W.II Part 2. Chapter 25

W.W.II Part 2. Chapter 25 W.W.II Part 2 Chapter 25 Warm-Up 4/12/2018 What battles were the turning points of W.W.II? In Europe? In the Pacific? I. Europe first (U.S. strategy) A. U.S. and G. Britain attacked Germans in North Africa

More information

Unit 7 Station 2: Conflict, Human Rights Issues, and Peace Efforts. Name: Per:

Unit 7 Station 2: Conflict, Human Rights Issues, and Peace Efforts. Name: Per: Name: Per: Station 2: Conflicts, Human Rights Issues, and Peace Efforts Part 1: Vocab Directions: Use the reading below to locate the following vocab words and their definitions. Write their definitions

More information

Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is created. John Redmond & Arthur Griffith 1922) The Ulster Covenant, 28 September 1912

Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is created. John Redmond & Arthur Griffith 1922) The Ulster Covenant, 28 September 1912 rthern Ireland rthern Ireland is created After centuries of Anglo-rman/English/British involvement, the Kingdom of Ireland was incorporated into the UK in 1800 by Act of Union. Ireland s relationship to/within

More information

Culture Clash: Northern Ireland Nonfiction STUDENT PAGE 403 TEXT. Conflict in Northern Ireland: A Background Essay. John Darby

Culture Clash: Northern Ireland Nonfiction STUDENT PAGE 403 TEXT. Conflict in Northern Ireland: A Background Essay. John Darby TEXT STUDENT PAGE 403 Conflict in Northern Ireland: A Background Essay John Darby This chapter is in three sections: first, an outline of the development of the Irish conflict; second, brief descriptions

More information

Was a result of imperialism- countries needed strong militaries to defend their colonies

Was a result of imperialism- countries needed strong militaries to defend their colonies UNIT #4 GREAT WAR The War s Causes Militarism Buildup of a nation s armed forces Was a result of imperialism- countries needed strong militaries to defend their colonies Alliance System 2 major defense

More information

WWI: A National Emergency -Committee on Public Information headed by George Creel -Created propaganda media aimed to weaken the Central Powers

WWI: A National Emergency -Committee on Public Information headed by George Creel -Created propaganda media aimed to weaken the Central Powers WWI: HOMEFRONT WWI: A National Emergency -Committee on Public Information headed by George Creel -Created propaganda media aimed to weaken the Central Powers -Encourage Americans to buy bonds to pay for

More information

Standard Standard

Standard Standard Standard 10.8.4 Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g. Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin,

More information

The Cold War. Chapter 30

The Cold War. Chapter 30 The Cold War Chapter 30 Two Side Face Off in Europe Each superpower formed its own military alliance NATO USA and western Europe Warsaw Pact USSR and eastern Europe Berlin Wall 1961 Anti-Soviet revolts

More information

Europe and North America Section 1

Europe and North America Section 1 Europe and North America Section 1 Europe and North America Section 1 Click the icon to play Listen to History audio. Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps. Europe and North America Section

More information

The Road to War CHAPTER 10 SECTION 1

The Road to War CHAPTER 10 SECTION 1 The Road to War CHAPTER 10 SECTION 1 Factors leading to WW1 Imperialism Rivalry among European powers to gobble up the remaining areas of the world that were not yet colonized. Factors Cont. Militarism

More information

History- Confederation Review. The Great Migration

History- Confederation Review. The Great Migration History- Confederation Review The Great Migration This contributed to the diversity in Canada s makeup. Many Irish came over as a result of the Potato famine, and these people were Protestants. This conflicted

More information

Great Depression and Canada

Great Depression and Canada Great Depression and Canada Impact Across the Expanse of Canada Canada was hit hard by the Great Depression. Unemployment soared, industrial production collapsed, and prices, especially for farm commodities

More information

eg Source A suggests that the raid was a great success.

eg Source A suggests that the raid was a great success. 5HA03/3B Mark Scheme Question Number 1 What can you learn from Source A about the German bombing raid on Coventry, November 1940? Target: source comprehension, inference and inference support (AO3). 1

More information

Begins to believe isolationism will not work for the U.S. FDR wanted to : 1) fix the depression at home 2) recognize the USSR (1933), trade

Begins to believe isolationism will not work for the U.S. FDR wanted to : 1) fix the depression at home 2) recognize the USSR (1933), trade 1 2 Begins to believe isolationism will not work for the U.S. FDR wanted to : 1) fix the depression at home 2) recognize the USSR (1933), trade possibilities and counter-weight to Germany in Europe and

More information

5.1 Prosperity in the 1920 s

5.1 Prosperity in the 1920 s Social Studies 9 Chapter 5 : Prosperity and Depression 5.1 Prosperity in the 1920 s During the Great War, Canada s industries were focused on wartime goods which drove up the cost of everyday goods. Returning

More information

History. in Cl se-up. union and partition. Russell Rees Audrey M Hodge Norman Johnston Sheila Turner Johnston

History. in Cl se-up. union and partition. Russell Rees Audrey M Hodge Norman Johnston Sheila Turner Johnston History in Cl se-up union and partition Russell Rees Audrey M Hodge Norman Johnston Sheila Turner Johnston CONTENTS Guide To Icons 4 INTRODUCTION Unit 1: Ireland and the World in 1800 5 society and economy

More information

The 11 most ignificant battl Second World War

The 11 most ignificant battl Second World War historyextra.com The 11 most ignificant battl Second World War of the 9-11 minutes A 'battle' is defined here as an event occurring in a particular place and over a relatively short time-span; the shortest

More information

Neutrality and War (Delivered October 13, 1939)

Neutrality and War (Delivered October 13, 1939) Neutrality and War (Delivered October 13, 1939) Tonight, I speak again to the people of this country who are opposed to the United States entering the war which is now going on in Europe. We are faced

More information

Analyzing Attitudes on the Vietnam War through Political Cartoons

Analyzing Attitudes on the Vietnam War through Political Cartoons Analyzing Attitudes on the Vietnam War through Political Cartoons The other ascent into the unknown During the presidential campaign of 1964, President Lyndon Johnson suggested that Republican candidate

More information

Mike Byrne Nick Shepley. Britain AQA. A-level History Challenge and Transformation

Mike Byrne Nick Shepley. Britain AQA. A-level History Challenge and Transformation Mike Byrne Nick Shepley Britain AQA 1851 1964 A-level History Challenge and Transformation AQA A-level History: Britain 1851-1964: Challenge and Transformation PART 1: VICTORIAN AND EDWARDIAN BRITAIN,

More information

World War I MAIN Causes: Militarism System of Alliances Imperialism Extreme Nationalism

World War I MAIN Causes: Militarism System of Alliances Imperialism Extreme Nationalism World War I 1914-1918 MAIN Causes: Militarism System of Alliances Imperialism Extreme Nationalism Militarism: Arms Race General Staffs and Plans of Mobilization and Attack Von Schlieffen Plan Tannenburg

More information

Turkey's government stands strong, stops coup attempt

Turkey's government stands strong, stops coup attempt Turkey's government stands strong, stops coup attempt By Patrick Kingsley, The Guardian, adapted by Newsela staff on 07.19.16 Word Count 784 People chant slogans as they gather at a pro-government rally

More information

World War II. Outcome: The European Theater

World War II. Outcome: The European Theater World War II Outcome: The European Theater EQ: Elaborate on the Conditions of WWII in Europe, including major battles, events and the scope of the Holocaust. Content Standard 4: The student will analyze

More information

Those who Set the Stage Those concerned with Home Rule (for and against) Carson and the Ulster unionists

Those who Set the Stage Those concerned with Home Rule (for and against) Carson and the Ulster unionists 3.0 3.1 3.1.4 Those who Set the Stage Those concerned with Home Rule (for and against) Carson and the Ulster unionists Carson and the Ulster unionists contributed to the Rising by returning the threat

More information

Welcome, WHAP Comrades!

Welcome, WHAP Comrades! Welcome, WHAP Comrades! Monday, April 2, 2018 Have paper and something to write with out for notes and be ready to begin! This Week s WHAP Agenda MONDAY 4/3: Russian and Chinese Revolutions TUESDAY 4/4:

More information