Enlightened Monarchs. Louis XV of France

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1 Enlightened Mnarchs - Grwth f Mnarchy New Mnarchs 16 th Century Abslute Mnarchy 17 th Century Enlightened Mnarchy 18 th Century Very similar t each ther Rle f Mnarch evlves New Mnarchs Laid fundatins f mdern state Suppressed brigands Established law and rder Levied taxes Claimed rule by divine right Legitimacy frm Gd Henry VII f England Luis XI f France Ferdinand and Abslute Mnarchs Centralized pwer Created natin-states Mercantilists Weakened nbility and church Built bureaucracy Built up military Ruled by divine right Luis XIV f France Peter the Great f Russia Charles XII f Sweden Lepld II f the Hly Rman Empire Frederick William the Great Electr Enlightened Mnarchs Made refrms t increase their wn pwer Educatin Tleratin Eased punishments Made state mre pwerful, but nt necessarily mre just Secular rules N lnger claiming t rule by divine right Frederick the Great f Prussia Jseph II f Austria Catherine the Great f Russia Luis XV f France 1

2 Enlightened Mnarchs France - Luis XV and Luis XVI & Nt very enlightened Refused t change t much Spain - Charles III r Required universities t teach science and philsphy Relaxed censrship Ablished death penalty Expelled Jews Austria - Maria Theresa r Very cautius t change Tk small steps Built up centralized bureaucracy Appinted able ministers Gd at selecting gd peple Increased taxes Maintained flw f sldiers Brke cntrl f lcal diets Assembly Left Hungary alne Did nt frce Hungary t cnfrm Wanted t increase prductin Set up tariff unin f Bhemia, Mravia, Austria Area f free trade Limited guilds Suppressed brigands Refrmed abused f serfdm - Jseph II r Impatient Wanted ttal ablitin f bad cnditins Ablished serfdm Ecnmic refrm Built up prt f Trieste Established an India East India Cmpany Equality f taxatin Equal punishment fr equal crimes Punishments made less cruel Freedm f press and religin Imprved civil rights fr Jews Granted nbility t sme Allwed prtestants t becme civil servants 2

3 Supprted Febrnianism Freedm frm Rman Church Increased cntrl ver bishps Suppressed mnasteries Tk sme f their wealth Set up secular hspitals Administrative refrms Centralized the state Included Hungary under cntrls Established German as single language f the gvernment Civil servants Arranged fr training curses Prvided retirement pensins Established efficiency reprts and inspectins Used secret plice Established educatin system Primary thrugh university Failed Culd nt d it all by himself Oppsitin frm nbles, church, Hungary T few middle class t help supprt Lepld (brther) undid mst f Jseph s refrms Prussia - Frederick the Great r Backgrund/Beliefs Did nt get alng with father Became cynical Became a sldier Married but never cnsummated Invaded Silesia War f Austrian Successin Brke pragmatic sanctin Very Ill Prphyria Read Philsphes Ran a saln Fught with Vltaire Wrte histry Anti-Machiavelli Interested in music Played flute Wrte snatas and cncerts Prtestant/Lutheran Devted t his subjects His jb t make peple happy Withut giving up pwer Against sweeping change Wise, mderate, reasnable 3

4 Administrative refrms 1 st servant f the state Cdified laws Ablished capital punishment Refrmed curts Cheaper, increased efficiency, hnesty Built up civil service Established civil service examinatin Never relegated and real authrity Attended t all business himself Religius refrms Sme religius refrm Prussia already dcile and Lutheran church subrdinate t state Intlerant f Jews Scial Refrms Sme free elementary educatin fr all Did little fr serfs Freed serfs n his wn estate Junkers free t deal with serfs in their wn way Maintained rigid class differences Small middle class Pwer f Junkers checked but nt ablished Believed in freedm f speech N successrs Russia - Catherine the Great r Backgrund German Adpted Russian ways and languages Married t Russian Tsar Peter III r May have been respnsible fr husband s death Intelligent and ambitius Agreed with philsphes Read Vltaire Invited Didert t Russia Plitical Refrms Charter f Rights N taxatin fr nbles N gvernment service fr nbles Legislative cmmissin 1767 Traveled arund Russia and reprted t Catherine Merchants received freedm t trade Expansinist Expanded territry west and suth Breaks dwn balance f pwer in Eurpe 4

5 War with Ottman Empire Wn prts n Black Sea Annexed Crimea Three partitins f Pland Wn land in west 1772, 1773, 1795 Pland erased Annexed by Russia, Austria, Prussia Favred Byars Scial Refrms Wrte legal cde Restricted use f trture Granted sme religius tleratin Stpped persecutin f Old Believers Intrduced western educatin Encuraged the arts Encuraged printing Established schls t educate daughters f nbles Did nt help the serfs Pugachev s Rebellin 1773 Fighting fr rights f Serfs Failed Led t further degradatin 5