Definition Characteristics Key Players Forms of cultural expression

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Marilyn Neal
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1 Culture Dictionary

2 Instructions Definition: Describe this cultural idea in your own words. What are some important elements of this ism word. Key Players: Who (individuals or groups) are some people that believed in this during the appropriate time period. Forms of cultural expression: How was this idea expressed in culture. Ex: organizations, newspapers, manifestations

3 First Occupants

4 Animism: Definition: The belief that all living things had a spirit, and that all living things are connected. The Great Circle of Life Close and respectful relationship with nature Key Players: shamans, elders Forms of cultural expression: interpretation of dreams, hunting rituals, communicating with spirits

5 Communication & Trade One key element common to communication/trade among the Native peoples was the idea of gift giving Key Players: Chiefs, Council of Elders Forms of cultural expression: Performance of ritual dances Use of drums

6 French Regime

7 Absolutism Definition: Belief that the ruler (monarch) was God s representative on earth. The King receives his power from God All the power belonged to the Monarch Key Players: King, Governor, Bishop Forms of Cultural Expression: Chateau St-Louis Royal Coat of Arms

8 Independent Spirit & Adaptability of the Canadiens Key Players: Coureurs des bois, Habitants, Merchants Forms of Cultural Expression: Independent Spirit Some Canadiens would not obey the state/church ex: fur trade without a permit, live amongst the Amerindians, and resist authority Adaptability Houses built to withstand cold climate Use of birchbark canoes, snowshoes, and fur clothing

9 Catholicism Definition: A religion based on the Catholic Church ( main branch of Christianity), primary faith of French Canadiens Christian religion Recognition of the authority of the pope Key Players: Bishops, Clergy, Religious orders, Missionaries, Schools, Families Forms of Cultural Expression: Written documents (Conversion des Sauvages, the Jesuit Relations, the Catechisme du diocese de Quebec accounts written by the Catholic Church during New France) Religious buildings, art Regulation of daily life by the religious calendar

10 British Rule

11 Imperialism Definition: The political, cultural, economic or military domination by one country over another. Assimilation controlling the economy Key Players: The King, the governor Forms of Cultural Expression: Luxury objects (designs on them) Victoria Square

13 Liberalism ( ) Definition: Political ideology where all individuals have equal and fundamental rights. Including protection from the abuse of the monarch s power, elected officials have power. Freedom of expression Freedom of speech Key Players: British merchants, Canadien professionals, Louis Joseph Papineau, Les Patriotes Forms of Cultural Expression: Habeas Corpus (the right to a fair trial) The Patriote flag.

14 Ultramontanism ( ) Definition: Political & religious idea where the church dominates everything, even politics. Pope s opinion above all others. Religious, moral, cultural & political matters left to the church. Rejection of modern things. Key Players: Monseigneur Ignace Bourget, the bishop, the clergy Forms of Cultural Expression: Diocese of Montreal St-Jacques le Mageur Cathedral Notre-Dame Ladies College

15 Anticlericalism (Post 1840) Definition: Refusal of the church s influence over anything except religious matters. Intellectual discussion studying challenging traditionalism Key Players: Joseph Guibord, Arthur Buies, Parti Rouge Forms of Cultural Expression: Institut Canadien de Montreal, Newspaper L Avenir, La Lanterne

16 The Contemporary Period

17 Imperialism Definition: The political, cultural, economic or military domination by one country over another. Imposing values & culture Key Players: Imperial Federation League (group that wanted to unite the British empire) Forms of Cultural Expression: WWI recruitment posters, Queen Victoria sculpture, King George VI s visit to Quebec

19 Capitalism (Making big money $) Definition: Economic system that encourages the concentration of wealth & control of the means of production, as well as free competition. Private ownership Focus on profit Key Players: Wealthy elite British business class, Banks, John Redpath Forms of Cultural Expression: Sun Life building, social inequalities, St-Henri (in contrast to Westmount)

20 Westmount St-Henri Sun Life Building

21 Socialism Definition: Ideology that defends the interests of the greater number of people rather than those of small groups. Only state interventionism is capable of defending. Critique of Capitalism. Fair distribution of wealth. Collective ownership of the means of production. Denounced concentration of wealth Key Players: CCF Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Forms of Cultural Expression: Fred Rose, Lea Roback

22 Agriculturism Definition: Ideology that values a traditional way of life based on agricultural work. Modernizing agriculture, Opening new regions of colonization Promoting rural & traditional life Key Players: Honoré Mercier, Curé Antoine Labelle Forms of Cultural Expression: Ministere de L Agriculture & de la Colonisation, Un Homme et Son Peché Claude Henri Gagnon

23 Secularism Definition: Ideology that the Church should only concern itself with spiritual matters (not involved in government, education, health care, etc.) Public institutions should be non-denominational. Limiting religious life to the public sector. Key Players: Paul Emile Borduas, Jean Charles Harvey Forms of Cultural Expression: Cité Libre, Manifeste du Refus Globale

24 Cooperatism Definition: An economic system that encourages the pooling of resources & shared management. Sharing of resources division of surplus Key Players: Desjardins, Union Catholique des cultivateurs Forms of Cultural Expression: Cooperative Syndicates Act, Le Cooperateur Agricole

25 Alphonse Desjardins and his home in Lévis which became the first Caisses Populaire

26 Fascism Definition: A right-wing political movement characterized by extreme nationalism and a strong authoritarian leader (ex: Mussolini & Hitler) Single party, ethnic nationalism, only one leader Key Players: Adrien Arcand, Parti Nationale Sociale Chretien Forms of Cultural Expression: Anti-semitic posters. La Clé du Mystere Adrien Arcand

28 Feminism Definition: Advocacy of women s political, social, and economic rights. Sexual equality Recognition of women s rights Key Players: Nelie McClung, the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, Conseil du Statut de la Femme Forms of Cultural Expression: The Montreal Local Council of Women, Magazine La Vie en Rose, Film Le Temps de l Avant by Anne Claire Poirier

29 Americanism Definition: Way of life that resembles American culture Fascination with the American way of life Admiration for freedom, individualism and economic success Key Players: Large corporations, Howard Hughes, Ed Sullivan, Oscar Peterson Forms of Cultural Expression: Advertising, fast food, Hollywood movies, jazz

30 Neoliberalism Definition: A Laissez-faire approach to the economy Free trade No state intervention Individual responsibility Key Players: political parties, multinationals Forms of Cultural Expression: **People against neoliberalism**: global justice movement, social economy movements

32 Aboriginalism Definition: Attitude of consideration of Aboriginal peoples cultural characteristics Preserving native culture Protecting native languages Key Players: Rita Mestokosho, Chloe Saint Marie, Samian Forms of Cultural Expression: Le Peuple Invisible, 1st Peoples Festival

33 Samian First Peoples Festival

34 Nationalism Individuals who come together because they share common characteristics (culture, language, religion)

35 Canadian Nationalism Definition: Period in the early years post-confederation where Canada was trying to achieve an identity of its own and still maintain a strong connection to Britain. Pride in membership in the British Empire Financial and military support. Key Players: PM Wilfred Laurier, the Canada First Movement Forms of Cultural Expression: The Canadian Red Ensign Creation of the Canadian Navy

36 Canadian Red Ensign Our flag from

37 French Canadian Nationalism Definition: Period in the early 1900s where French Canadians became more vocal in promoting /defending their culture in Canada Attachment to the French language Catholic religion Distance maintained with the British Empire. Key Players: Henri Bourassa, Lionel Groulx, the Bloc Populaire Forms of Cultural Expression: Champ de Mars speech by Mercier, L appel de la race by Groulx, Le Nationaliste newspaper and L Action Nationale magazine

38 Lionel Groulx

39 Quebec Nationalism Definition: The movement for the creation of a Quebec nation separated from Canada (gains momentum in the 1970s) Safeguarding of the French language Respect for areas of provincial jurisdiction Distinct character of Quebec society Key Players: Maurice Duplessis, René Lévesque, Le Jour newspaper Forms of Cultural Expression: Stage shows such as Poèmes et chants de la résistance and L Osstidcho, publication of Égalité ou indépendance by Johnson and Option Québec by Lévesque

40 Rene Levesque, 1980 Referendum campaign

Culture F I R S T O C C U P A N T S

Culture F I R S T O C C U P A N T S Spirituality Players Shaman Elders Source: Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur / BIBLIOTHÈQUE et ARCHIVES Canada / e002139836 Source: Création Bernard Duchesne Spirituality