653 NIACL AO Direction: In the questions you are required to do as directed. [A] [B] Rearrange the following into a coherent paragraph.

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1 653 NIACL AO Direction: In the questions you are required to do as directed. Theresa May s Brexit deal suffered a [A] defeat in the British Parliament. Leavers who think the deal does not go far enough in [B] the European Union joined Remainers [C] by a majority of 230, the largest defeat of a government on record. [D] Hoping to trigger an election that it thinks it can win, the opposition Labour Party called for a motion of no confidence in the government, which it survived like Tory rebels returned to the fold. Mrs May will have to return to Parliament with a new Brexit blueprint on January 21st. 1. Which of the following words given in the option should come at the place marked as [A] in the above paragraph to make it grammatically correct and meaningful. Also, the word should fill in the blanks given in the two sentences below to make them contextually correct and meaningful. I. She entered the forest, and the darkness was, suffocating her. II. If he could only be sure it wasn't Lydia who'd chased Billy Langstrom down the mountain, siren screaming, to his rolling, death. (a) crushing (b) desperate (c) profound (d) rigorous (e) All 2. Fill in the blanks created in [B] with appropriate option. Then choose the correct option. A. disentangling Britain from B. unsnarling United Kingdom from C. entrapping Britain out of (a) Only A (b) Only B (c) Only C (d) Only B & C (e) None 3. A sentence is missing from [C] in the above paragraph, which is to be selected from the options given below. a) in bringing new government b) about the changing the course of the development of the nation c) in voting against the government d) in bringing down the government e) in relieving the government of the tension with the EU. 4. Below sentences have been taken from [D]. One of them contain/s an error, which is to be found. a) Hoping to trigger an election that it thinks it can win, b) the opposition Labour Party called for a motion of no confidence in the government, c) which it survived like Tory rebels returned to the fold. d) Mrs May will have to return to Parliament with a new Brexit blueprint on January 21st. 5. Rearrange the following into a coherent paragraph. Starter: Macedonia s parliament voted to approve the change of the country s name to North Macedonia, A. The odds for that improved after the Prime Minister, B. Alexis Tsipras, narrowly saw off a vote of no confidence. C. part of a deal that is meant to see Greece lift its opposition to the country s membership of the EU and NATO. D. The agreement still needs to be approved by Greece. (a) BACD (b) ACDB (c) DCBA (d) CDAB (e) No arrangement required 6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate option. The mayor of Gdansk, Poland s sixth-largest city, was murdered by a knife-wielding assailant in front of a horrified crowd at a charity event. Pawel Adamowicz had been one of the country s most prominent liberals. a) killed, holding, assassin b) murdered, wielding, assailant c) slain, possessing, attacker d) hacked, hurling, raider e) axed, furling, invader 7. Rearrange the following into a coherent paragraph. Starter: Nicolás Maduro was sworn in for a second term as Venezuela s president. A. In a speech that lasted nearly four hours, Mr Maduro promised to quadruple the monthly minimum wage, B. which would bring it to $7 at black-market rates, and said the distressed economy would boom. C. Agents of the country s intelligence service briefly detained the newly elected speaker of the opposition-controlled national assembly as well as two journalists. D. The national assembly declared Mr Maduro a usurper. (a) BACD (b) ACDB (c) DCBA (d) CDAB (e) No arrangement required 8. Fill in the blanks created in the below paragraph with appropriate option. Then choose the correct option. Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil s far-right President,. Brazilians without a criminal record will be able to buy guns more easily and to keep

2 them at home. Mr Bolsonaro said the measure would give Brazilians a legitimate right of defence. In 2017 the number of murders in Brazil reached a record of nearly 64,000. A. inked a decree that mars gun-control laws B. struck a decree that moderates gun-control laws C. signed a decree that eases gun-control laws (a) Only A & B (b) Only B & C (c) Only A & B (d) All A, B & C (e) None 9. Rearrange the following into a coherent paragraph. Starter: A court in northern China sentenced a Canadian to death for smuggling drugs. A. The situation has been such since Canada s detention in December of a senior Chinese executive of Huawei, a technology company. B. He accused China of arbitrarily imposing the death penalty. C. Canada s Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, said this was a matter of extreme concern. D. Relations between the two countries have been tense. (a) CBDA (b) ADBC (c) DBCA (d) CADB (e) No arrangement required. 10. Fill in the blanks with appropriate option. China approved the building of a large new dam on the Jinsha river, as the upper stretch of the Yangzi is known. The Lawa hydroelectric project, on the border between Sichuan and Tibet, is expected to cost more than 30bn Yuan ($4.6bn) and have a total capacity of two gigawatts. a) endorsed, extend, expected, capability b) approved, stretch, expected, capacity c) ratified, extension, hoped, ability d) approved, expanded, estimated, capacity e) granted, expansion, projected, hold 11. One of below sentences contains an error. Find it out. If all the sentences are correct as they are, your answer will be (e) i.e. All are correct. a) Thai officials said that a long-awaited election to restore democracy, b) scheduling for February 24th, would be pushed back again. c) But the prime minister and leader of the country s military junta promised d) that the ballot would take place before May. 12. One of below sentences contains an error. Find it out. If all the sentences are correct as they are, your answer will be (e) i.e. All are correct. a) Protests against official corruption gathered strength in Mongolia. b) Perhaps 20,000 people gathered in Ulaanbaatar, c) the capital, despite the fact that the winter freeze to denounce the conduct of the country s two biggest political parties. d) More demonstrations are planned. 13. Fill in the blanks created in the below paragraph with appropriate option. Then choose the correct option. The latest eruption of Mount Merapi, a volcano in central Java, its slopes. The Indonesian authorities have not yet issued an evacuation order, but are rushing to repair damaged roads in case of an exodus. A. escalated, sending lava up B. lessened, sending lava down C. intensified, sending lava down (a) Only A (b) Only B (c) Only C (d) Only B & C (e) Only A & B 14. Rearrange the following into a coherent paragraph. Starter: Members of al-shabab, A. Attacked a hotel and office complex in a normally secure neighbourhood of Nairobi, Kenya s capital. B. A jihadist group with ties to al-qaeda, C. One attacker was a suicide-bomber. D. The assailants were armed with grenades and guns; E. At least 21 people were killed, including several foreigners. (a) BEACD (b) AEDBC (c) BAEDC (d) EBDCA (e) No arrangement required. 15. From the paragraph given below, the sentence not a) News of a violent crackdown emerges despite the government blocking social media sites. b) The government of Zimbabwe launched a crackdown on protesters after widespread unrest linked to a rise in fuel prices. c) Access to the internet was blocked, as soldiers patrolled the streets of big cities, arresting and beating young men. d) At least eight people were killed and hundreds injured. e) NGOs reported human-rights violations across the country. The government blamed the unrest on the opposition. 16. From the paragraph given below, the sentence not a) The International Criminal Court at The Hague took another knock when its judges acquitted Laurent Gbagbo. b) He is a former president of the Ivory Coast, who had been charged with crimes against humanity. c) Last year a Congolese former vice-president, Jean- Pierre Bemba, was also acquitted. d) A case against Kenya s current president, Uhuru Kenyatta, had been dropped four years earlier. e) The court s authority is increasingly questioned, especially in Africa. 17. Rearrange the following into a coherent paragraph. Starter: A suicide-bomb attack in northern Syria killed at least 15 people. A. It includes four American servicemen and civilians. B. The attack was claimed by Islamic State, just weeks after Donald Trump said C. He would begin withdrawing American troops from Syria. D. The jihadist group was defeated and that

3 (a) ABDC (b) BCDA (c) CDAB (d) BDCA (e) No arrangement required. 18. From the paragraph given below, the sentence not a) Turkey s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, said his troops would create a 32km-deep safe zone in northern Syria. b) It will serve to protect civilians. c) The announcement came after Mr Erdogan held a phone conversation with Mr Trump. d) The American president had threatened to devastate Turkey economically if it attacked America s Kurdish allies. e) Turkey considers Kurdish to be its allies. 19. Fill in the blanks with appropriate option. The impasse over funding for a wall on the Mexican border entered its fourth week, becoming the longestever government shutdown.. The Council of Economic Advisers said the shutdown was having a worse effect on the economy than it had expected. Opinion polls showed that voters blame the president for the shambles. A. It has led to the suspension of some public services in America. B. As an aftermath, some public services in America have been suspended. C. As a consequence, some public services in America have been suspended. (a) All A, B & C (b) Only A & B (c) Only C (d) Only B & C (e) None 20. Fill in the blanks with appropriate option. ( ). Although he has argued in favour of expansive powers for presidents, Mr Barr promised to allow Robert Mueller s investigation into Russian provocateurs to proceed unhindered. He also said that Mr Trump had not sought any assurances, promises or commitments from me of any kind, either express or implied. a) The Senate held a hearing on whether to confirm Donald Trump s choice of William Barr as attorneygeneral. b) Defying President Donald Trump, senators sent a strong signal Wednesday they want to punish Saudi Arabia for its role in the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. c) Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Secretary of Defense James Mattis both came to Capitol Hill to urgently lobby against the resolution. d) Taking on both President Trump and the government of Saudi Arabia, the chamber voted 63 to 37 to advance a resolution that would end U.S. military support for the Saudi-led war effort in Yemen. e) The Senate on Wednesday delivered a historic rebuke of Saudi Arabia and President Trump s handling of the fallout over journalist Jamal Khashoggi s killing last month. Direction (Q. No ): In the passage given below there are 5 blanks, each followed by a word given in bold. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (a),(b),(c) and (d). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (e) as your answer if the work given in bold after the blank is your answer i.e. Given word is correct. Pity the disaffected British voter who looks to the autumn conferences for inspiration. Both the main parties are [21] Brexit. Labour, which gathered this week in Liverpool, tried to fudge its position only to [22]. The Conservatives, who will meet in Birmingham next week, are so divided over Europe that they are openly conspiring to oust their own prime minister. The earthquake of the referendum two years ago has energised Britain s parties like nothing else and crowded out debate on everything else. However, at last there are signs that politicians are starting to think about the direction that Britain should take after it leaves the EU. Some of the fundamental ideas [23] Western governments [24] for decades are being questioned from right and left. A party which could come up with persuasive answers would stand to dominate British politics for many years. And just as the Brexit [25] followed by populist revolts in other countries, so the ideas fermenting in Britain may well spread. Some of them are promising; others downright dangerous. The Leave campaign s demand to take back control resonated because it applied to more than just Britain s relationship with Europe. It [26] sick of a hyper-centralised state, where feeble councils take marching orders from an out-of-touch London. It [27] anger at the outsourcing of public services to remote and incompetent private companies. It pointed to the firms that [28] law by treating staff as gig workers with few rights. And it reflected a feeling of impotence in the face of a system of global capitalism which, ten years ago, sent Britain into recession after bankers thousands of miles away mis-sold securities that no one, including themselves, understood. On becoming prime minister in 2016, Theresa May [29] that she had heard their cry, and boldly vowed to reshape the forces of liberalism and globalisation which have held sway...across the Western world. She has not [30]. Her lack of imagination, squandered majority and the allconsuming Brexit negotiations the ones with her party, rather than the EU mean that, more than two years on from their great howl, the British people have seen nothing in return. When Brexit day comes next March, and Britain is left with either a bad deal or with no deal at all, the call for revolutionary change will not have been sated it will be stronger than ever. 21. (a) attracted through (b) enticed of (c) hypnotised by (d) enamoured by (e) charming with 22. (a) fall guy (b) fall apart (c) fall off chaos (d) fall in grace (e) fall into more bickering 23. (a) that have undermined (b) that have underpinned (c) that unpinning (d) that undermining (e) which have underpinned 24. (a) of all stripes (b) under every hue (c) against the current (d) along the policies (e) bulwarking the populists

4 25. (a) revolt was (b) insurgence once again (c) enervation caused (d) rebellion has been (e) opinion has 26. (a) followed against ones (b) chimed with those (c) rehabilitated with (d) recompensed (e) retrieved the ground 27. (a) tapped into growing (b) handed over to (c) exploited raging (d) rejoiced over failure (e) enabled the Britons 28. (a) bypass employment (b) dodge unemployment (c) challenge data (d) avoid employability (e) ignore survival of 29. (a) ensured electorate (b) assured voters (c) pledged to suffrage (d) delivered on promises (e) insured against chaos 30. (a) delivered this promise (b) back turned (c) limited her pledges (d) back tracked (e) kept this promise Directions (31-37): Read the following passage divided into number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it. If Catalonia wants to reach its economic potential, investment in infrastructure is crucial in order to facilitate international trade. The region is currently responsible for 35 per cent of Spain s exports, including 45 percent of high-tech exports. The direction of state funds toward small-scale firms is also a priority for the city s commercial elite. Unfortunately, Catalonians can no longer rely on the Spanish government, which has political interests and an economic model different from their own, to invest responsibly in their regional economy. Dídac Querlat, a political scientist at the Juan March Institute in Madrid, told the HPR that the Catalonian authorities have reached the conclusion that the promises and commitments that come from Spain are not credible anymore. They [no longer] believe that they can reach a better economic and political agreement [through cooperation with Madrid]. Without control of its own taxes, remaining politically attached to Madrid only hinders Catalonia s progress as a region. Even so, anti-separatists point toward the region s massive debt, the largest of any territory in Spain, as a reason to keep the country unified. While Catalonia s debt is sizeable, it amounts to only 80 per cent of its GDP less than the EU average. As an independent state controlling its own tax program, therefore, the region would have the ability to gradually repay what it owes. It certainly would not be able to do so with Madrid continuing to siphon off its economic resources. However, one major reservation many Catalonians still hold is the uncertainty of the would-be new nation s entrance into the European Union, especially with Spanish officials fervently declaring that they would block its incorporation. The region s export-driven economy relies on easy access to the markets of other EU member states. Additionally, since 70 per cent of imports to the other 16 regions of Spain flow through Catalonia, a healthy economic relationship with Spain is particularly crucial to the area s commercial success. But it is exactly this co-dependence that would preclude the Iberian nation from blocking Catalonia s entrance into the European Union. Unless an already financially crippled Spain would be willing to pay higher tariffs for goods passing through a non-eu member, it would have no choice but to accept the new country into the union. Furthermore, if Spain refused to officially recognize Catalonia, the latter would carry no responsibility for assuming a portion of the former s debt (as other nations in the Eurozone currently do). In its current state, Spain would have almost no hope of reducing its more than $1 trillion debt without its economic powerhouse. Transferring some of its financial obligations to Catalonia and thus recognizing the new state would be critical to Spain s own self-interest should the region break away. Moreover, many other EU powers have a stake in Catalonia s quick entrance into the union. Over half of Germany s investment in Spain, for example, is directed toward Catalonia. Berlin surely would like to avoid exchange fees in its transference of capital to Barcelona. Furthermore, even if Catalonia were initially unable to enter the EU after secession, the effects, according to Queralt, would not be catastrophic. There are many other countries with close ties to the union, who have various trade agreements and pacts. In the first couple of years, the GDP would drop, he acknowledged, but only by maybe 2 or 3 percent. Queralt, like many in Spain, speculates that the EU member states wouldn t allow Catalonia s absence from the free trade zone to persist for more than a few years. Nevertheless, Catalonia s potential membership in the European Union is far from guaranteed. Application to the European Union requires adherence to complex set of political and economic regulations as well as a unanimous approval by member states. Although no nation besides Spain presently appears intent on blocking an independent Catalonia s entrance into the union, a variety of economic and political factors could motivate such action. For instance, a country might aspire to move into the market space once occupied by Catalonian firms. Even so, Catalonian leadership evidently feels confident that the interests of the entire continent would encourage a smooth transition into the Eurozone for the nascent nation. A consideration of the economic rationale behind the growing sentiment for Catalonian independence, without even delving into the wide array of sociopolitical concerns in play, is enough to see why many in the region want secession. Understandably, however, Spain won t easily let go of 16 percent of its population and one-fifth of its GDP. Central authorities have been resisting regional officials call for a November 9 referendum on independence. They claim that the maneuver would be unconstitutional and plan to block it in court. Queralt proposes a likely solution: The [Catalonian] government would call for a new regional election, which is completely legal and constitutional. The parties that favour secession would add the statement in their party manifestos, and so people would know that by voting for these parties they are voting for secession. Queralt calls the method imperfect, but says it s an acceptable

5 alternative to calculate the popular support behind the independence movement. The droves of Catalonians who occupied the streets of Barcelona on September 11 weren t just there for show. It s becoming clear that the secessionist movement that has long been building in the Spanish northeast is reaching its boiling point. In recent months the region s leaders have demonstrated focus, determination, and a strong case behind their cause. The very foundation of liberal democracy is the citizenry s right to abandon a government that fails to serve their interests and construct another, more effective one. There are few better contemporary examples of such a situation than Catalonia s one-sided economic relationship with the central Spanish government. Whether they decide to stay or to leave, therefore, Catalonians should at least be given the power to choose their own fate. 31. Why, on the basis of the passage, despite having qualifying nature, Catalonia s entry into the EU would not be guaranteed? (A) No nation besides Spain presently appears to oppose blocking an independent Catalonia s entrance into the union. (B) A variety of economic and political factors could motivate some nations to block the entry of Catalonia into the EU. (C) A country might aspire to move into the market space replacing Catalonian firms which once occupied it. (a) Both A & B (b) Only B & C (c) Only C (d) Only A & C (e) None 32. Find out, on the basis of the passage, a true sentence from the following. (a) Most of Germany s investment in Spain is directed toward Catalonia. (b) If Spain refused to officially recognize Catalonia, the latter would feel pressurized to carry some responsibility for assuming a portion of the former s debt. (c) The independence of Spain would facilitate it to preclude Catalonia from gaining entry into the European Union. (d) Despite having blocks in the way to getting the EU membership, Catalonian leadership evidently feels confident about it. (e) All are true. 33. What, on the basis of the passage, Catalonians think would be setbacks for a separate and independent state? (A) Currently, Spain would have almost no hope of reducing its more than $1 trillion debt without Catalonia, its economic powerhouse. (B) Many EU powers other than Spain have a stake in Catalonia s quick entrance into the union. (C) In the face of Spanish officials vigorously opposing its incorporation into the EU, how it would manage it s the membership of the bloc. (a) All A, B & C (b) Only A & B (c) Only C (d) Both A & C (e) None 34. On the basis of the passage, find out an incorrect sentence from the following. (a) There is many a better contemporary example of such a situation than Catalonia s one-sided economic relationship with the central Spanish government. (b) Catalonians should t be given the power only to choose their independent state. (c) In the Spain s massive debt, Catalonia would have no obligation to share it as an independent state. (d) The crowds of Catalonians who occupied the streets of Barcelona on September 11 were just there for show of their mass strength. (e) All are incorrect. 35. On the basis of the passage, what is/are the reasons many in Catalonia aspire for secession? (A) There is a consideration of the economic rationale behind the growing sentiment for Catalonian independence. (B) For Catalonian independence, Catalonians are delving into the wide array of sociopolitical concerns in play. (C) Central authorities claim that the November 9 plebiscite would be unconstitutional and plan to block it in court. (a) All A, B & C (b) Only B (c) Only C (d) Only A & B (e) None 36. Which of the following, on the basis of the passage, is/are not a reason/s for Catalonia to separate from Spain? (a) Catalonia s massive debt, the largest of any territory in Spain, is a reason to keep the country unified. (b) Catalonians believe that they cannot reach a better economic and political agreement through cooperation with Madrid. (c) The Catalonian authorities believe that the promises and commitments that come from Spain are not credible anymore. (d) To reach its economic potential, Catalonia is required to invest in crucial infrastructure order to facilitate international trade. (e) All seem to be valid reasons for separation. 37. What, according to the passage, would be ways before Catalonia from protecting itself from effects if it doesn t get entry into the EU initially? (A) Initially the GDP would drop but not more than two or three percent. (B) There are many other countries with close ties to the union, who have various trade agreements and pacts with it. (C) Not getting entry into the EU will prove beneficial for it as application to the European Union requires adherence to complex set of political and economic regulations as well as a unanimous approval by member states. (a) Only A (b) Only B (c) Both A & C (d) Both A & B (e) All A, B & C