CAMPAIGNS AGAINST WESTERN DEFENCE
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1 CAMPAIGNS AGAINST WESTERN DEFENCE
2 RUSI DEFENC E STUD IES SE RIES General Editor David Bolton, Director, Royal U n ited Services Institute for Defence Studies EditorJ enn ifer Shaw, MA, BSc (Econ) Qu estions on defence give rise to emotion, sometimes to the detriment of ba lanced j udgement. Since the Royal U nited Services In stitute for Defen ce Stud ies has been not ed for its objectivity, inde pende nce and in iti ati ve; th e views of its members shar pened by responsibilit y and ex perience. In continuance of the Institute's aims, the R USI Defence Studies Series seeks to provide a wider und erstanding and bette r informed debat e of defence and nation al security issues. H owever, th e views expresse d in the books are those of the authors alone. Published Christopher Coker US MILITARY POWER IN THE 1980s Christopher Coker THE FUTURE OF THE AT LA NT IC ALLIANCE M ichael Hobkirk THE POLITICS OF DEF ENCE BUDGETING: A Study of Organisation and Resource Alloca tion in the U K and USA Clive Rose CAMPAIGN AGAINST WEST ERN DEFENCE: Adversa ries and C ritics Forthcoming NATO's Richard Clutterbuck THE FUTURE OF POLITIC AL V IO LENCE: Destabilization, Disord er and T errori sm Christopher Coker NATO, THE WARS AW PACT AND AFRIC A David Greenwood BRITAIN'S DEFENCE PRIORITIES Michael Leifer (ed itor) THE ASIAN BALANCE OF POWER E. S. Williams THE SOVIET SERVI C EMAN
3 CAMPAIGNS AGAINST WESTERN DEFENCE NATO 's Adversaries and Critics Clive Rose M MACMILLAN
4 cd Royal United Ser vir..s Institute 198 '> Softeover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or tr ansmission of this publi cati on ma y be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or tran smitted sav e with writte n permission or in accordance with the provi sions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended). Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may he liable to criminal pros ecution and civil claims for damages. First published 198.'> Publi shed by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmimlls, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset by Wessex Typesetters Ltd Frome, Somerset British Library Cataloguing in Publi cation Data Rose, Clive Campaign s against western defence. - (RUSI defence studies series) I. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 2. Strategy I. Title n. Series 35,)'.031' UA646.3 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DO I /
5 Contents Acknowledgements Glossary ofabbreviations PART I INTRODUCTION I Adversaries and Critics 2 Western Defence Vll V PART II ADVERSARIES: INTERNATIONAL FRONT ORGANISATIONS AND SOVIET PEACE CAMPAIGNS 3 The Origin of the International Front Organisations, The International Front Organisations since the Second World War 52 5 The World Peace Council 64 6 The International Department of the Soviet Communist Party and Related KGB Activities 77 7 Campaigns Against NATO 94 PART III CRITICS: PEACE MOVEMENTS IN THE WEST 8 Origin of the Peace Movement in the United Kingdom, 1931> The Peace Movement in the United Kingdom, Peace Movements in Western Europe 156 II The Freeze Campaign in the United States and the Bishops' Letter 188
6 VI Contents PART IV CONCLUSION 12 Unofficial Peace Activities in Eastern Europe 13 Future Conditional ANNEXES I The United Kingdom Nuclear Deterrent 243 II Profiles of the Principal International Front Organisations 246 III Estimated Soviet Subsidies to International Front Organisations, IV Generals for Peace and Disarmament 293 Notes Index (1 Names General Index
7 Acknowledgements A number ofpeople have contributed advice and practical help in the preparation of this book and thanks are due to all of them. Four require special mention. First I am indebted to the late Professor Leonard Schapiro, who generously made available to me the results ofresearch undertaken under his auspices when he was chairman of the Institute for the Study of Conflict and encouraged me to take the development and publication of this work through to completion. This provided the basis for Chapters 3 to 7and also much factual material incorporated in Chapters 10 and 12; it was originally put together in book form by Nigel Clive, who has continued to give me the benefit ofhis advice throughout. I am also grateful to Rosemary Baker, lately of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, for the major contribution she made to Chapter 8 and for her help with Chapter 11; and to Brigadier Kenneth Hunt for his valuable advice on Chapter 2. While I gratefully acknowledge their help, I should make it clear that I alone am responsible for the content of the book and the views expressed in it. CLIVE ROSE VII
8 Glossary of Abbreviations AA PSO Afro-Asian Peoples' IC ESC Int ern at iona l Committee Solidarity O rgan isation for European Security AFSC American Frien d s' and Cooperatio n Service Co m mittee ICFT U In tern a tion al AG DF Act ion Group Service for Con fede r.u ion of Free Peace (West Germany) Trade Un ions AS F Actio n Group for Peace ID Intern ation al an d Recon cilia tion Dep artment of the (We st Ge rma ny) Central Commi ttee of BP A Brit ish Peace Asse m bly th e C PSU CALC C lergy and Laity lid Int ernat ion al Concerned (U SA) Information Dep a rtment CND Campai gn for Nu clear of the Ce n tra l cpe Disarmamen t (U K) Commi ttee C hri stia n Pea ce lip Internat ion al In st it ute Co nfere nce for Peace CPGB Commun ist Pa rt y of IKV Interch urch Peace G reat Britain Counc il (Nethe rlands ) CPSL: Co m m unist Pa rt y of the ILl" Int ernation al Liaison Sov iet U nion Forum of Peace Forces CPCS.\ Communis t Pa rty of th e IMEMO In st itute of World USA Econ om y and D:\C Direct Action Internat ion al Relat ions Committee (U K) (U SS R) DEMYC Dem ocrat You th INF Intermed iate Ran ge Community of Europe Nucle ar Forces DKP West G er man I US Internati on al U nio n of Communis t Pa rt y Students END Campaign for Euro pe a n LN U League of Na tion s Nuclear Disa rm ament U nio n ERW Enhan ced Radiation MIRV Multiple Independently Wa rhead - ta rgetahle Re-entry FIR In tern at ional Fed er ati on Vehicle of Resist an ce Fighters OIRT In ternational Rad io a nd GLC~1 Ground Launch ed T elev ision O rganisa tion Cruise M issiles SED Socia list U ni ty Party IADL Intern at ion al (Eas t Germany ) Associat ion of WFDY \Vorld Fodera tion of Dem ocrat ic Lavwers Dem ocrat ic Youth Vlll
9 Glossary (if Abbreoiations IX WFSW WFTU \VIOF World Federation of Scientific Workers World Federation of Trade Unions \Vomcn's International Democratic Federation WILPF WPC WSP Women's International League for Peace and Freedom World Peace Council Womt>n Strike for Peace
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