CONTEMPORARY SECURITY AND STRATEGY

Transcription

1 CONTEMPORARY SECURITY AND STRATEGY

2 Contemporary Security and Strategy Edited by Craig A. Snyder

3 Deakin University 1997, 1999 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act First published in Great Britain in 1999 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copy-edited and typeset by Povey-Edmondson Tavistock and Rochdale, England

4 For Marion

5 Contents List of Figures Preface List of Abbreviations Notes on the Contributors 1 Contemporary Security and Strategy Craig A. Snyder 2 The Evolution of Strategic Thought J. Mohan Malik 3 Realism and Security Studies Sean M. Lynn-Jones 4 Beyond Strategy: Critical Thinking and the New Security Studies David Mutimer 5 Regional Security Structures Craig A. Snyder 6 Rationality and Deterrence in Theory and Practice Keith Krause 7 The Future of Nuclear Strategy Andrew Butfoy 8 Nuclear Weapons Proliferation Richard Gray 9 Developments in Modern Warfare Craig A. Snyder and J. Mohan Malik viii ix X xi Re-imagining Warfare: The 'Revolution in Military Affairs' 210 Andrew Latham Index 237 vii

6 List of Figures 6.1 The Prisoner's Dilemma 6.2 Chicken 6.3 Game Tree Vlll

7 Preface This book was born of the need to provide a contemporary reappraisal of strategic studies. Apart from the necessity to take stock of the far-reaching changes in the first post-cold War decade, the contributors also sought to broaden the focus of the study of security away from the purely military aspect of strategic studies to include non-military issues of security. The goal of the book is to orient students in the evolving conceptual terrain of the renamed area of security studies. It offers a comprehensive, objective treatment of security studies that integrates strategic thought, theories of security, key issues and developments in post-cold War security while combining North American, British and Australian views of security. I would like to thank all of the contributors to this volume for their dedication to the project and for providing material that made the editing process so enjoyable. I would especially like to thank my colleague here at Deakin, Mohan Malik, for his contributions to this volume and for his help and guidance during the early stages of the process. I would also like to thank Joan Beaumont, Head of the School of Australian and International Studies for her and the school's support for the project. Finally I would like to thank our publisher Steven Kennedy and the anonymous reviewers for their comments on the early draft of the manuscript, and especially Steven for his patience when the delivery of the manuscript was delayed due to the Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests of May CRAIG A. SNYDER ix

8 List of Abbreviations ABMT ANZUS ASEAN BMDs C 4 I COCOM CTBT EU IAEA LIC MAD NATO NPT RDT RMA START START II Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Australia, New Zealand, United States Treaty Association of South-East Asian Nations Ballistic missile defences Command, Control, Communications, Computing and Intelligence Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty European Union International Atomic Energy Agency Low-intensity conflict Mutual assured destruction North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Rational deterrence theory Revolution in Military Affairs Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty X

9 Notes on the Contributors Andrew Butfoy is Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Department of Politics, Monash University. Dr Butfoy has been a Research Associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London and a Lecturer at the UK Royal Military Academy (Sandhurst); in addition he has tutored at the London School of Economics and the Australian National University (ANU). He has published a number of journal articles in Australia and overseas. He is the author of Common Security and Strategic Reform: A Critical Analysis (London: Macmillan, 1997; and New York: StMartin's Press, 1997). Research interests include: the strategic implications of common/ cooperative security, the evolving political, strategic and conceptual framework for arms control, and the role of nuclear weapons in international relations. Richard Gray is a PhD candidate in the Department of Government at the University of Queensland. His thesis is a study of the post-cold War nuclear non-proliferation regime and the implications of changes to this regime for international relations theory. His research interests include the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, international relations theory and international security. He has been published in the Australian Journal of Political Science. Keith Krause is Professor of International Politics at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. His published works include Arms and the State (Cambridge University Press, 1992) and articles in International Studies Quarterly, European Journal of International Relations, Review of International Studies, Mershon Review of International Studies and International Journal, as well as chapters in a dozen edited volumes. He is the co-editor (with Michael C. Williams) of Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) and (with W. Andy Knight) State, Society and the United Nations System: Changing Perspectives on Multilatera/ism (Tokyo: United Nations University Press). His current research concentrates on 'military development', state formation and insecurity in the post-colonial Middle East, and is part of a broader project concerning the reconceptualisation of security and security studies in the post-cold War world. xi

10 xii Notes on the Contributors Andrew Latham is Assistant Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science at Macalester College, Minnesota. He is the author of Industrial Divides in the History of US Arms Production: From the 'Armoury System' to 'Agile Manufacturing' (London: Macmillan, forthcoming). His current research concerns the transformation of the global security order, focusing in particular on the cultural dimension of the Revolution in Military Affairs and the social construction of the 'landmine crisis'. Sean M. Lynn-Jones is Research Associate in the International Security Program at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (BCSIA), John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, where he is series editor of the BCSIA Studies in International Security book series and co-editor of International Security. He is the co-author (with Christopher Layne) of Should America Spread Democracy? A Debate (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998), and co-editor of many books, including Theories of War and Peace (MIT Press, 1998), Debating the Democratic Peace (MIT Press, 1996), The Perils of Anarchy: Contemporary Realism and International Security (MIT Press, 1995), and The Cold War and After: Prospects for Peace (MIT Press, 1993). His articles have appeared in International Security, Security Studies and Foreign Policy, as well as in many edited volumes. J. Mohan Malik is Senior Lecturer and Director of Defence Studies at Deakin University in Australia. He has contributed several chapters to books and published 50 articles on security issues in the Asia Pacific in leading international relations research journals. Dr Malik is the author of China and Nuclear Arms Control (Oxford University Press, forthcoming), The Gulf War: Australia's Role and Asian-Pacific Responses (Strategic and Defence Studies Centre/ ANU Press, 1992) and editor of the Asian Defence Policies (Deakin University Press, 1994), The Future Battlefield (Deakin University Press and Directorate of Army Research and Analysis, 1997) and Australia's Security in the 21st Century (Allen & Unwin Australia, 1998). David Mutimer is Assistant Professor in International Relations at the Department of Political Science at York University in Canada, where he teaches various aspects of security studies. His current research concerns the discursive construction of weapons proliferation as a contemporary security problem. He is presently writing a book arising from that project for 'Critical Security Studies' series (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner). Craig A. Snyder is Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, Australia. His research interests include regional security structures in Europe and Asia. He is currently working on a monograph on the development of cooperative security strategies to help manage the territorial disputes in the South China Sea. He has published articles in Pacific Review, International Journal and Asian Perspective.