FSD3227. Finnish Views on Democracy and Political Issues 2017: Swedish-Speaking Finns. Codebook

Transcription

1 FSD3227 Finnish Views on Democracy and Political Issues 2017: Swedish-Speaking Finns Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Views on Democracy and Political Issues 2017: Swedish-Speaking Finns [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive $ Koodikirjoitin.py :42: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD3227 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Lindell, Marina (Åbo Akademi University) & Taloustutkimus: Finnish Views on Democracy and Political Issues 2017: Swedish-Speaking Finns [dataset]. Version 1.0 ( ). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. FSD3227 The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 5 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order A naire in Swedish 27 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: Finnish Views on Democracy and Political Issues 2017: Swedish- Speaking Finns Titles and data version in Finnish: Suomalaisten demokratiakäsityksiä ja yhteiskunnallisia mielipiteitä: ruotsinkielinen kysely 2017 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Authoring entity Lindell, Marina (Åbo Akademi University. Faculty of Social Sciences, Business and Economics) Taloustutkimus Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Borg, Sami (University of Tampere. Faculty of Management) Date of deposit

8 1. Study description Keywords corruption; cybercrime; defence and state security policy; democracy; immigration; mass media; minority groups; minority language users; political attitudes; representative democracy; terrorist threats; voting Topic Classification Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: conflict, security and peace; information society; international politics and organisations; media; migration; political behaviour and attitudes Series description The data belong to the series: Individual datasets Individual datasets that do not belong to any series. Abstract The study charted Swedish-speaking Finns views on democracy, society and safety in Finland. The public opinion survey was part of the "Fate of Democracy" project led by think tank Magma. The study contained attitudinal statements that the respondents were asked to evaluate on a scale ranging from "Strongly agree" to "Strongly disagree". The themes of the survey included safety, Finland s EU membership, multiculturalism and minorities, and trust in democracy and traditional media. First, the respondents opinions regarding elections and the functionality of democracy were charted with questions pertaining to issues such as whether voters in parliamentary elections can truly impact politics, and if Finnish matters would be tended to better if decision-making was left to independent experts instead of politicians and citizens. It was also asked if the ability to make citizens initiatives had improved democracy in Finland. Some questions pertained to cyber threats, terrorism and Russia, as well as the extent of the respondents trust in "traditional" media rather than social media, for instance. The study also canvassed attitudes with regard to foreign and security policy, e.g. with questions concerning Nordic cooperation, NATO and the European Union. The final questions covered matters related to multiculturalism, corruption, language policy, and safety, and the respondents attitudes toward immigrants and asylum seekers were examined. Background variables included gender, age (categorised), education level and type of municipality of residence. 2

9 1.3 Structure and collection of the data 1.3. Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Swedish-speaking persons aged residing in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: Data collector(s): Taloustutkimus Mode of data collection: Telephone interview: Computer-assisted (CATI) Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2017 Time method of the data collection: Cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 39 variables and 500 cases. Sampling procedure: Non-probability: Quota Taloustutkimus collected a survey sample representative of the Swedish-speaking population in Finland (n=500) in February and March The survey was conducted via computer-assisted telephone interviewing. The sample was picked from the population register. 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal An additional region of residence variable was removed from the data as well as some rare mother tongues with no responses. Variable bv7 in the data includes more response alternatives than the questionnaire. Typing errors found in the questionnaire were not copied in the archived data. To prevent identification, the following variables indicating postal codes and municipalities of residence were removed from the data: [samno], [postinumero], [kuntakoodi], [kunta]. Related publications Demokratins öde (2017) Toim. Forsgård, Nils Erik. Helsinki: Förlaget M Updated list of publications in the study description at 3

10 1. Study description Related studies FSD3192 Finnish Views on Democracy and Political Issues 2017 Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 4

11 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 500 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 500 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation

12 2. Variables [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 500 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q1_1] Voters in a democratic election have a genuine chance of impacting politics. Voters in a democratic election have a genuine chance of impacting politics. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_2] It will be easy for me to find a suitable candidate to vote for in the upcoming municipal elections. It will be easy for me to find a suitable candidate to vote for in the upcoming municipal elections. 6

13 Q1_4 Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_3] Finnish matters would be tended to better if decision-making was left to independent experts instead of politicians and citizens. Finnish matters would be tended to better if decision-making was left to independent experts instead of politicians and citizens. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_4] Referendums are unnecessary when we get to elect a Parliament to make decisions. Referendums are unnecessary when we get to elect a Parliament to make decisions. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say

14 2. Variables [Q1_5] In 2012, Finland adopted the citizens initiative, which allows a group of 50,000 citizens with the right to vote to make a legislative motion for the Parliament. Statement: The citizens initiative has improved democracy in Finland. In 2012, Finland adopted the citizens initiative, which allows a group of 50,000 citizens with the right to vote to make a legislative motion for the Parliament. Statement: The citizens initiative has improved democracy in Finland. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_6] News that spread misinformation and so-called Internet trolls are a serious threat to democracy. News that spread misinformation and so-called Internet trolls are a serious threat to democracy. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say

15 Q1_9 [Q1_7] I trust traditional media (newspaper press, radio, television) better than social media (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, blogs). I trust traditional media (newspaper press, radio, television) better than social media (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, blogs). Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_8] In general, EU membership has been a positive thing for Finland. In general, EU membership has been a positive thing for Finland. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_9] Finland needs to strengthen Nordic cooperation in foreign and security policy. Finland needs to strengthen Nordic cooperation in foreign and security policy. 9

16 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_10] Finland should join NATO. Finland should join NATO. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_11] Russia poses a security threat to Finland. Russia poses a security threat to Finland. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say

17 Q1_14 [Q1_12] Finland should continue to have two national languages, Finnish and Swedish. Finland should continue to have two national languages, Finnish and Swedish. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_13] Finland should be a multicultural country where foreigners with different religions and lifestyles are tolerated. Finland should be a multicultural country where foreigners with different religions and lifestyles are tolerated. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_14] Over 32,000 persons sought asylum in Finland in The Government made the right call to restrict immigration and to deport persons who were not granted asylum. Over 32,000 persons sought asylum in Finland in The Government made the right call to restrict immigration and to deport persons who were not granted asylum. 11

18 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_15] Polarisation, i.e. the increasing inequality between people, is a threat to our society. Polarisation, i.e. the increasing inequality between people, is a threat to our society. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_16] Minorities do not need special treatment. Minorities do not need special treatment. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say

19 Q1_19 [Q1_17] The current level of services for minority language users ought to be preserved. The current level of services for minority language users ought to be preserved. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_18] Corruption, cronyism or old boy networks practically do not exist in Finland. Corruption, cronyism or old boy networks practically do not exist in Finland. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_19] It is safe to live in Finland. It is safe to live in Finland. 13

20 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_20] All regions in Finland must be developed in balance. All regions in Finland must be developed in balance. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_21] Politicians do not care about ordinary people s opinions. Politicians do not care about ordinary people s opinions. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say

21 Q1_24 [Q1_22] In my opinion, I understand important political issues fairly well. In my opinion, I understand important political issues fairly well. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_23] I primarily do not want to impact politics through parties, but rather through NGOs and other means of active citizenship. I primarily do not want to impact politics through parties, but rather through NGOs and other means of active citizenship. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_24] There is no threat of terrorism in Finland. There is no threat of terrorism in Finland. 15

22 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_25] In my opinion, Finnish democracy works well currently. In my opinion, Finnish democracy works well currently. Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [BV1] Respondent s gender Respondent s gender Female Male [BV2] Respondent s year of birth Respondent s year of birth 16

23 BV4 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 498 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [BV3] Respondent s education Respondent s education University Polytechnic/University of applied sciences General upper secondary education or certificate College level vocational education (post-secondary, non-tertiary) Vocational upper secondary education Primary education [BV4] Do you think of yourself as close to any particular party? Do you think of yourself as close to any particular party? Yes No Can t say

24 2. Variables [BV5_1] Respondent s mother tongue. Finnish Respondent s mother tongue. Finnish Not mentioned Mentioned [BV5_2] Respondent s mother tongue. Swedish Respondent s mother tongue. Swedish Not mentioned Mentioned [BV6] Type of respondent s residential area Type of respondent s residential area Centre of town/city ( kaupunki ) with more than ,000 inhabitants Centre of town/city ( kaupunki ) with fewer than ,000 inhabitants Suburb or inner-city suburb Centre of rural municipality ( kunta ) or urban settlement in a rural area (continued on next page) 18

25 BV8 (cont. from previous page) Sparsely populated rural area [BV7] If municipal elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? If municipal elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? Centre Party of Finland (KESK) National Coalition Party (KOK) Christian Democrats (KD) Finns Party (PS) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) Left Alliance (VAS) Green League (VIHR) Some other party I don t know yet Prefer not to say I never vote I do not intend to vote this time [BV8] Respondent s age group (categorised) Respondent s age group (categorised) (continued on next page) 19

26 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [BV9] Respondent s region of residence (NUTS3) Respondent s region of residence (NUTS3) Uusimaa Varsinais-Suomi Eastern Uusimaa Ostrobothnia (Pohjanmaa) [BV10] Interview language Interview language Finnish Swedish (continued on next page) 20

27 BV10 (cont. from previous page) 21

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29 Chapter 3 Indexes 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence FSD study number [FSD_NO] FSD edition number [FSD_VR] FSD case id [FSD_ID] Voters in a democratic election have a genuine chance of impacting politics. [Q1_1] It will be easy for me to find a suitable candidate to vote for in the upcoming municipal elections. [Q1_2] Finnish matters would be tended to better if decision-making was left to independent experts instead of politicians and citizens. [Q1_3] Referendums are unnecessary when we get to elect a Parliament to make decisions. [Q1_4]. 7 In 2012, Finland adopted the citizens initiative, which allows a group of 50,000 citizens with the right to vote to make a legislative motion for the Parliament. Statement: The citizens initiative has improved democracy in Finland. [Q1_5] News that spread misinformation and so-called Internet trolls are a serious threat to democracy. [Q1_6] I trust traditional media (newspaper press, radio, television) better than social media (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, blogs). [Q1_7] In general, EU membership has been a positive thing for Finland. [Q1_8] Finland needs to strengthen Nordic cooperation in foreign and security policy. [Q1_9] Finland should join NATO. [Q1_10] Russia poses a security threat to Finland. [Q1_11] Finland should continue to have two national languages, Finnish and Swedish. [Q1_12] Finland should be a multicultural country where foreigners with different religions and lifestyles are tolerated. [Q1_13] Over 32,000 persons sought asylum in Finland in The Government made the right call to restrict immigration and to deport persons who were not granted asylum. [Q1_14]

30 3. Indexes Polarisation, i.e. the increasing inequality between people, is a threat to our society. [Q1_15] 12 Minorities do not need special treatment. [Q1_16] The current level of services for minority language users ought to be preserved. [Q1_17].. 13 Corruption, cronyism or old boy networks practically do not exist in Finland. [Q1_18] It is safe to live in Finland. [Q1_19] All regions in Finland must be developed in balance. [Q1_20] Politicians do not care about ordinary people s opinions. [Q1_21] In my opinion, I understand important political issues fairly well. [Q1_22] I primarily do not want to impact politics through parties, but rather through NGOs and other means of active citizenship. [Q1_23] There is no threat of terrorism in Finland. [Q1_24] In my opinion, Finnish democracy works well currently. [Q1_25] Respondent s gender [BV1] Respondent s year of birth [BV2] Respondent s education [BV3] Do you think of yourself as close to any particular party? [BV4] Respondent s mother tongue. Finnish [BV5_1] Respondent s mother tongue. Swedish [BV5_2] Type of respondent s residential area [BV6] If municipal elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? [BV7] Respondent s age group (categorised) [BV8] Respondent s region of residence (NUTS3) [BV9] Interview language [BV10]

31 3.2. Variables in alphabetical order 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order All regions in Finland must be developed in balance Corruption, cronyism or old boy networks practically do not exist in Finland Do you think of yourself as close to any particular party? Finland needs to strengthen Nordic cooperation in foreign and security policy Finland should be a multicultural country where foreigners with different religions and lifestyles are tolerated Finland should continue to have two national languages, Finnish and Swedish Finland should join NATO Finnish matters would be tended to better if decision-making was left to independent experts instead of politicians and citizens FSD case id FSD edition number FSD study number I primarily do not want to impact politics through parties, but rather through NGOs and other means of active citizenship I trust traditional media (newspaper press, radio, television) better than social media (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, blogs) If municipal elections were held now, which political party would you vote for? In 2012, Finland adopted the citizens initiative, which allows a group of 50,000 citizens with the right to vote to make a legislative motion for the Parliament. Statement: The citizens initiative has improved democracy in Finland In general, EU membership has been a positive thing for Finland In my opinion, Finnish democracy works well currently In my opinion, I understand important political issues fairly well Interview language It is safe to live in Finland It will be easy for me to find a suitable candidate to vote for in the upcoming municipal elections. 6 Minorities do not need special treatment News that spread misinformation and so-called Internet trolls are a serious threat to democracy Over 32,000 persons sought asylum in Finland in The Government made the right call to restrict immigration and to deport persons who were not granted asylum Polarisation, i.e. the increasing inequality between people, is a threat to our society Politicians do not care about ordinary people s opinions

32 3. Indexes Referendums are unnecessary when we get to elect a Parliament to make decisions Respondent s age group (categorised) Respondent s education Respondent s gender Respondent s mother tongue. Finnish Respondent s mother tongue. Swedish Respondent s region of residence (NUTS3) Respondent s year of birth Russia poses a security threat to Finland The current level of services for minority language users ought to be preserved There is no threat of terrorism in Finland Type of respondent s residential area Voters in a democratic election have a genuine chance of impacting politics

33 Appendix A naire in Swedish 27

34 KYSELYLOMAKE: FSD3227 SUOMALAISTEN DEMOKRATIAKÄSITYKSIÄ JA YHTEISKUN- NALLISIA MIELIPITEITÄ 2017: RUOTSINKIELINEN KYSELY Tämä kyselylomake on osa yllä mainittua Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoitua tutkimusaineistoa. Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä. Lisätiedot: This questionnaire forms a part of the above mentioned dataset, archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive. If the questionnaire is used or referred to in any way, the source must be acknowledged by means of an appropriate bibliographic citation. More information: Detta frågeformulär utgör en del av den ovannämda datamängden, arkiverad på Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv. Om frågeformuläret är utnyttjat eller refererat till måste källan anges i form av bibliografisk referens. Mer information:

35 HAASTATTELUN VAKIOALOITUS RUOTSIKSI (Olen tutkimushaastattelija [NIMI] Taloustutkimuksesta, hyvää päivää/iltaa. Olisiko teillä aikaa vastata kyselytutkimukseen, joka käsittelee demokratiaa ja sen toteutumista Suomessa? Kysely kestää noin kymmenen minuuttia.) Den här opinionsmätningen handlar on demokrati. Vad anser ni om följande påståenden? Besvara med följande skala. - Helt av samma åsikt - Delvis av samma åsikt - Delvis av annan åsikt - Helt av annan åsikt - Vet inte 1)I ett demokratikskt val har de röstberättigade en verklig möjlighet att påverka den förda politiken. 2)Det är lätt för mig att hitta en lämplig kandidat i de kommand kommunalvalen. 3)Finland skulle må bättre om obundna obundna experter skötte det politiskabeslutsfattandet i stället för politiker och medborgare. 4)Folkomröstningar behövs inte när vi har en folkvald riksdag som fattar beslut. 5)Genom medborgarinitiativ på nationell nivå, som infördes 2012, kan minst röstberättigade medborgare lämna ett lagförslag till riksdagen. Demokratin fungerar bättre tack vare medborgarinitiativet. 6)Så kallade nättroll och falska nyheter utgör ett allvarligt hot demokratin. 7J)ag litar mer på de traditionella medierna (press, TV, radio) än på sociala medier (Twitter, Facebook, bloggar ) 8)Medlemskapet i Europeiska Unionen har överlag varit en positiv sak för Finland. 9)Finland bör förstärka det nordiska samarbetet i utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiska frågor. 10) Finland bör bli medlem i Nato.

36 11) Ryssland utgör ett säkerhetspolitiskt hot mot Finland. 12) Finland bör fortsättningsvis vara ett land med två nationalspråk, finska och svenska. 13) Jag önskar att Finland är ett mångkulturellt land där man förhåller sig tolerant gentemot människor från andra länder med annan religion och livsstil. 14) Finland tog i fjol (2016) emot över asylsökande. Regeringen gjorde rätt när den sramade åt flyktinpolitiken och beslöt att sända tillbaka de flyktingar som inte beviljades asyl. 15) Polariseringen, alltså den växande ojämlikheten mellan människor, hotar vårt samhälle. 16) Minoriteter behöver ingen särbehandling. 17) Språkminoriternas service bör behållas på nuvarande nivå. 18) I Finland finns ingen korrupyion eller några bästa bror nätverk. 19) Det är tryggt att leva i Finland. 20) Alla regioner i Finland bör utvecklas på lika grund. 21) Politikerna brys sig inte om vanliga medborgraes åsikter. 22) Jag anser mig rätt väl förstå mig på de viktigaste politska frågorna. 23) Jag vill inte påverka politiken via de etablerade partierna utan hellre genom andra medborgarorganisationer och anna medborgarverksamhet. 24) Terrorismen är inget hot mot Finland. 25) Enligt min åsikt fungerar demokratin i Finaldn bra i dag. Bakgrundsvariabler - Kön - Födelseår - Utbildning Universitet Yrkeshögskola Studentexamen/gymnasium Institut

37 Yrkeskola Grundskola/folkskola - står ni nära något politiskt parti ( ja/nej) - modersmål - bosättningsort bor ni. I en stor stad ( över invånare) I en mindre stad ( under invånare) I en förort I ett kommuncentrum I en lugn landsbygdsmijlö Vilket parti skulle ni rösta på om det var kommunalsval i dag? Centern Gröna förbundet Kristdemokraterna Samlingspartiet Sannfinländarna Svenska folkpartiet Socialdemokraterna Vänsterförbundet Annat parti: Har inte bestämt mig Röstar inte

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