This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and

Transcription

1 This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

2 Results from Finland Evijärven Kirkonkylän koulu The history of Evijärvi Evijärvi municipality belongs to the Lake District of Southern Ostrobothnia and it has a central role as a border municipality between Southern and Central Ostrobothnia and Swedish speaking Ostrobothnia. The distance to the nearest towns e.g. Pietarsaari is 70 km, Kokkola 70 km and Seinäjoki 80 km. There are lot of forests, fields and many lakes in the area. The biggest lake in the area is called Evijärvi, there are over hundred islands and the municipality is named after the lake. The people have lived in Evijärvi since the Stone Age. The oldest permanent residents where the Lapps, who lived here during the Viking Age, are from AD and onwards. The Lapps were gradually pushed towards North as the Finnish tribes from Häme and Satakunta arrived to the area. People from Kyrö came to the middle part of Lake District to compete with the people from Satakunta in the 15th century and the Swedish speaking population increased. The Swedish speaking settlement continued to grow in the 17th century. Evijärvii municipality was bilingual for a long time. There are still many Swedish place names as a reminder of the past. The actual population in the Lake District is a Finnish tribe called Savolainen. The first concrete information about the population in Lake District comes from the tax register of the year 1548 when there where 14 households in Evijärvi. They estimated that in the 17th century there where 300 people living in Evijärvi. In the beginning of the 17th century the population had grown to 2426 people. Within a short period of time approximately 2000 people from Ostrobothnia immigrated to America at the end of 19th century. Many of them returned to their homes later. In 1966 there where 4114 people in Evijärvi, the highest level of population ever recorded. But by the 1986 the population was 3444 people. The cause for the loss in population was partly the immigration to Sweden and to the South Finland. Today the population is 2780 people. 1

3 Survey for the parents and the grandparents of our pupils We made an inquiry for the parents and the grandparents of our pupils and asked where they had come from to Evijärvi. The result was: - 69% parents and 64% of the grandparents where from the Lake District (within1 km-50km). - 17% of the parents and 21% of the grandparents were from elsewhere Ostrobothnia (51km- 150km) - From other parts of Finland where 9% of the parents and 12% of the grandparents where from other parts of Finland. (150km-800km). - Only 5% of the parents and 3% of the grandparents were immigrated to Evijärvi. Summary The reason for the immigration has been a marriage with a Finn. Only a very few of the pupils in our school have a foreign background, and they have integrated very well to the local population. Their friends and relatives have helped them to become adjusted to the Finnish culture and traditions, as well as the fact that the other parent has been a Finn. At school the pupils are put in the normal Finnish speaking class. The children are in the group with others of their own age and the language and the manners have become familiar. It is important that the family and the culture of the immigrant parent is recognized and taken in as a part of their own family life. Usually parents are speaking their own mother tongue to their children. That is good as the children learn both languages and for them it is easier to communicate with the families and relatives of their both parents. 2

4 Results from Poland Szkola Podstawowa nr 6 im. Ks. Karola Palicy What is your family name? 95% of names are typically Polish POLISH GERMAN EUROPEAN LANGUAGE 3% of names come from German 2% of names come from other European langages. Where does your family come from? 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% PARTS OF SILESIA GALICJA REGION DIFFERENT REGIONS OF POLAND GERMANY 0% FAMILY ROOTS 60% of our students families come from different parts of Silesia 24% of our students families come from different parts of Galicja region (Malopolska) 15% of our students families come from different regions of Poland (Wielkopolska, central Poland, Lower Silesia) 1% of our students families come from Germany 3

5 When did your family arrive to Poland/Tychy-Czulow? 50 s -60 s : 30% arrived to Tychy- Czulow district 50'S-60'S 70'S-80'S 90'S -NOW 70 s-80 s : 50% arrived to Tychy- Czulow district 90 s- now : 20% arrived to Tychy- Czulow district Why did your family migrate to Tychy-Czulow? ECONOMICAL POLITICAL RELIGIOUS SOCIAL ECONOMICAL 77% of students families migrated to Tychy-Czulow district due to the reasons SOCIAL 18% of students families migrated to Tychy-Czulow district due to the reasons POLITICAL 5% of students families migrated to Tychy-Czulow district due to the reasons RELIGIOUS 0% Conclusions Majority of students come from families with Polish roots. Their families migrated within Polish borders and arrived to Silesia mostly due to economical reasons-to find the job in a fast growing area in 70 s. This results in multicultural/multiregional environment and is visible in the evolution of Silesian culture and dialect. In fact the model of Silesian family is disappearing the dialect is affected by new generations of families using improperly forms of words and dialect structures creating neologisms. The dialect naturally evaporates and the students learn it. The area of Czulow district is inhabited by dysfunctional families resettled to social flats by municipal authorities. Lack of family traditions, support and positive stimuli has negative effect on the motivation to understand and get to know their roots. They have no interest and need to participate in the local life. Thanks to our activities and efforts the students find their identity. We try to motivate and encourage the students to understand and respect their culture and traditions. More and more students participate in events which are to promote the idea of regionalism and patriotism. 4

6 Resultss from Italy Istituto comprensivo Rettore Filippo Evola - Balestrate Immigration and emigration in Balestrate in the last ten years Immigration Emigration The chart above shows the phenomenon of emigration and immigration in our town in the last ten years. The blue rectangles stand for immigration and the red ones represent emigration. This chart is the result of our work in class. The teacher divided us into small groups of five and gave us some questions to be answered. They were: What s your family name? ; Where does your family come from? ; Is there a story of emigration or immigration within your family? ; If so, tell it ; Why did your family emigrate?. When we went home we asked the same questions to our parents and grandparents to discover our origins. The day after we read and analysed the answers obtained by the interview at school and we realized that our surnames were Italian and that around the seventiess and the eighties some families were obliged to emigrate to the USA, Venezuela and Germany looking for a job. Most of them moved abroad permanently, but they come back on holiday in summer. Then thanks to the ICT teacher we made the chart representing our survey. It is evident that an immigration phenomenon is also present in our town. It began in 2000 up to the present day. This influx of immigrants comes from both the neighbouringg municipalities and Romania. In fact, many Romanians live in our area, they are mainly women who work as carers or provide domestic help to families. It has been an interesting work because we were excited not only to listen to various stories of life experienced by our grandparents or other relatives but also because we could learn more about the society in which we live. 5

7 Results from Spain CEIP Bilingue El Alamo Results and some comments made by the 6 th grade. In our class This table shows the survey results about flows in our classes. Mainly, there are many people, who come from other different areas due to migration flows, not only from inside Madrid (65%) flows. These flows also came from outside Madrid areas (33%) and other countries (35%). 6

8 In our school This table shows the survey results about flows in our school. There are many students who come from other countries (34%). We can observe that the percentage obtained in our classes is the same than the school. That means the foreign students are well-distributed in the school. 7

9 Where do they come from? (classroom survey) There are many different origins. You can observe the table above, the most common origin in 6 th grade students are from Morocco. Almost 20% are Moroccan students, and the 33% of us come from outside or inside Madrid areas. That means, nowadays, El Alamo is a commuter belt from people who come want to leave big cities. Other people of us come from : Colombia (8%), Romania (5%), Peru (1%) or Ecuador (1%). 8

10 Where do they come from? (school survey) In contrast to the statistics of the school, the largest population is the Moroccan population; these data are the same than we have obtained in our survey. Another large group is the Colombian population is also consistent with our survey. The data from Peru and Ecuador are not relevant at school. 9

11 When do they come from? Migration flows have occurred in waves. We can observe in the graphic above that many people come to Alamo between two and four years ago within the Real Estate Boom occurred some time ago. Furthermore, many families have lived for over ten years in El Alamo. 10

12 Why have your family come to El Alamo town? The most common reasons We have tried to analyze the most common reasons why people decided to move from their hometown to another different town. Many people have different reasons and the most popular one is to obtain better welfare conditions. We think people have tried to leave big cities to come to El Alamo due to lifestyle conditions. Additionally, El Alamo is not far away from Madrid so people commute to Madrid to work. Another important factor is the importance of the family in the Spanish society, so many families have changed their residences because they want to live closer to their relatives. 11

13 Location of the most common foreign population 12

14 Results from Belgium Ecole du Tilleul Is your family name of foreign origin? (Which family name? Where from?) 5% 2% 2% Foreign origins in our school 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 42% Italy Morocco Turkey Congo Spain Germany Armenia Tunisia Greece Equator 5% 5% 6% 6% 13% Yugoslavia Togo Thailand Poland Netherlands Lebanon Ivory Coast France Arabia In our school there are 83 students of foreign origin. They come from 19 different countries. More than 42% come from Italy. 13

15 When did your first family member arrive in Belgium? Between 1900 and 1910 : 2 families arrived in Belgium 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1900~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~2010 Between 1940 and 1950 : 9 families arrived in Belgium Between 1950 and 1960 : 10 families arrived in Belgium Between 1960 and 1970 : 15 families arrived in Belgium Between 1970 and 1980 : 11 families arrived in Belgium Between 1980 and 1990 : 9 families arrived in Belgium Between 1990 and 2000 : 11 families arrived in Belgium Between 2000 and 2010 : 4 families arrived in Belgium Who came with your first family member in Belgium? With their parents : 35 people 13% 1% With their brothers and sisters : 22 people Alone : 20 people 22% 40% with the parents with brothers & sisters alone With other family members : 10 people With a group of students : 1 person With her husband : 1 person 24% with other Family members others More than a third of the sample is composed of people who arrived in Belgium with their parents. A quarter of the sample came with their brothers and sisters. 14

16 Why did your first family member come to Belgium? Political reason/war : 17 people 44% 8% 4% 1% 0% 23% 20% Political reason Economical reason Medical reason Upon Belgium call Studies Wedding Religion Economical reason : 15 people Medical reason : none Upon Belgian call : 32 people Studies : 6 people Wedding : 3 peoplee Religion : 1 person 44% of people came to Belgium to find work. What kind of difficulties did your family encounter? Culture Racism Discremination Lack of consideration Language Climate Culture : 28 people Racism : 27 people Discrimination : 21 people Lack of consideration : 19 people Language : 10 people Climate : 3 people More than a third of the sample experienced difficulties to integrate well due to their cultural differences. The problem of racism is also very present. 15

17 Results from Belgium Ecole d Alleur Foreign population Belgium Not Belgian Belgian Our school: Alleur Not Belgian Belgian 9% 23% 91% 77% 23 % of Alleur school population is from foreign origins. (Compare to 9 % at the national level.) Historical context: 1830 : birth of Belgium Industries are numerous in the south part of the country. Numbers of Flemish people left Flanders to find job in Wallonia (South of Belgium). After First World War Belgium factories called for foreign work force coming from neighbours countries... After Second World War, industries needed more coal to operate. 1946: Belgium concluded a convention with Italy miners came to extract coal from the Belgium's mines... Economy is growing. Belgium still needs work force. New conventions are concluded with other countries: 1956 : with Spain; 1957 : with Greece; 1964 : Morocco and Turkey; 1969 : with Tunisia; 1970 : Algeria and Yugoslavia. Economic crisis struck the country. Unemployment increased. The government stopped giving easily work permits to foreigners. After 1974 immigrants arrivals were basically from European Community Members and aimed at high qualified workers. 16

18 But, at the same time, new forms of immigration started : asylum-seekers (refugees) and also illegal workers. 1980: the "Family reunion policy" gave authorization and promoted the entrance of numerous new immigrants in Belgium : increasing of refugees entrance demands with a pike of demands registered in : new growth of migrants entrance due to EU enlargement. 2007: Four nationalities outgrew the others: French 13 % Netherlands 12 % Polish 10 % Moroccans 8 % 2008 : 61% of the foreign population is coming from the first 15 European Community Members Countries. But, population from Italian origins remains the more important. Then comes the French origins, the Netherlands origins and the Morocco's origins. Polish population grew from in 2006 to in Romanian population : people, is the second East European arrivals right after Polish. Bulgarian migration is smaller : 6700 people. Non European population is very small and represent only 24% of the foreigners. Three non European nationalities scored more then members : Morocco, Republic Democratic of Congo and North America. We also have to mention the recent but still limited growth of population coming from India, Pakistan, Thailand, Cameroun, Ghana, Brazil... (between 2000 and 7000 people). When did your first family member arrive in Belgium? Percentage of immigration 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0, th Century Period 17

19 Is your family name of foreign origin? (Which family name? Where from?) Families 'origin National level Italy France Netherlands Morocco Spain Turkey Germany 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 12% 4% 8% 17% 13% 13% Poland Portugal Great Britain Repu. Demo. Congo Romania Greece Russia United States China Algeria Bulgaria India Cameroun Japan Sweden Luxembourg Pakistan Brazil Ireland 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 13% 17% 46% Families' origin Alleur Italy Morocco Others Spain India Turkey Germany Cameroun France Tunisia 18

20 Why did your First family member come to Belgium? 26,6% 12,6% 12,6% 0,0% 50,4% Political reason / War Economical reason Medical reason Upon Belgium call Other reason Who came with your first family member in Belgium? 3,6% 8,4% Parents 21,6% 46,8% 21,6% Brother/Sister Alone other Family member Other About half of the foreigners came upon Belgium call to work and help economic growth... 2,6 % of refugees... 12,6% for economical reason... 0% for Medical reason... 26,6% for other reasons that can include "family reunion" reason as well... 19

21 What kind of difficulties did your family encounter? 14,4% 21,6% 21,6% 24,0% 16,8% Racism Lack of consideration Different culture Discrimination Other 24% of racism 16,8 % of lack of consideration 14,4 % of discrimination 14,6 % of Cultural problems This is showing how difficult is the integration from both side... adjusting to... and accepting the difference 20