1. Reasons for colonial settlement:
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1 Unit 1 Study Guide
2 1. Reasons for colonial settlement: Jamestown, Virginia: It was started as a joint-stock company as a money-making venture Massachusetts: Pilgrims and Puritans settled there to escape religious persecution Maryland It was a haven for Catholics Pennsylvania It was a holy experiment for Quakers
3 2a. Purpose of colonial laws regarding religion: Separation of church and state Religious toleration Freedom of religion
4 2b. Amendment that deals with that issue (# of the amendment and how is it worded): First Amendment: Congress will make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof 2c. This is known as the Establishment Clause
5 3. Importance of town meetings: They fulfilled the colonists expectations of: The right to self-government
6 4a. What was the Great Awakening? A period of religious revival in the colonies
7 4b. How did the Great Awakening affect politics in America? It made colonists willing to challenge authority Jonathan Edwards
8 5. Forms of protest by colonists against the British: Wrote pamphlets, editorials, speeches Formed organizations: Sons of Liberty Committees of Correspondence Organized boycotts Met in Congress Petitioned the King
9 6a. John Locke s most important ideas: That people have natural rights: Life Liberty Property
10 6b. The document Locke s ideas inspired: The Declaration of Independence
11 6c. Author of that document: Thomas Jefferson
12 7. Legacy of the Enlightenment in terms of government: People asserted rights rebelled against monarchs created democratic governments
13 8a. Reason for Constitutional Convention: Revise Articles of Confederation (weak) Create new constitution -- stronger central authority
14 8b. Father of the Constitution James Madison
15 8c. President of the Constitutional Convention and first president of the United States George Washington
16 9. The Great Compromise Combined the two plans: (Senate)
17 10. Three-fifths Compromise: Southern states could count threefifths of their slaves for purposes of representation and taxation
18 11. Purpose of separation of power/checks and balances: To monitor and limit the power of government
19 12. Federalists: Favored the Constitution and a strong central government
20 13. Anti-Federalists: Opposed the Constitution Wanted a weak central gov t; stressed states rights and a Bill of Rights
21 14. federalism Power is divided between a central government (national/federal gov t) and the state governments
22 15. Purpose of Bill of Rights Protects individual rights and freedoms from a strong central government
23 15b. List important rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, religion Right to bear arms Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure Due process of law Right to trial by jury
24 16. Significance of Marbury v. Madison case established the power of the Supreme Court to determine if laws were constitutional or not (judicial review) Made the Supreme Court become a power equal to the Congress and the Presidency
25 17. Monroe Doctrine US policy -- the Americas were no longer open for European colonization (1823)
26 18. expansion of voting rights property ownership requirement lifted there is universal white male suffrage
27 19. Second Great Awakening Spiritual revival Reform self, reform society Major reforms: Abolition Movement Temperance Movement
28 20. Temperance Movement end the abuse of alcohol and related social problems
29 21. Seneca Falls Convention (what was discussed there and what was written there? Women s Rights issues The Declaration of Sentiments (based on Declaration of Independence) stating rights women should have Starts the women s rights movement Led to creation of women s suffrage associations
30 22. Abolition Movement Anti-slavery movement Conventions, speakers, newspapers Caused dissension between N and S
31 23. Manifest Destiny The idea that the US had the right to expand to the Pacific Ocean
32 24. States Rights vs. Federal Authority Conflict between 2 levels of government: national/federal and state Underlying cause of the Civil War Other pre-civil War examples: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (protesting Alien and Sedition acts) Nullification crisis (Tariff of Abominations) Expansion of slavery/free states west (Bleeding Kansas)
33 25. Nullification crisis Theory that a state had the right to declare a federal law invalid Tension arose over a federal tariff that hurt the South; South Carolina declared the tariff null ; threatened to secede
34 End part 1
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