Thomas Jefferson = The 3 rd President

Transcription

1 Thomas Jefferson = The 3 rd President

2 Marbury V. Madison Marbury V. Madison is a famous Supreme Court case. You can tell because court cases always have the V in the middle

3 Marbury V. Madison The Court case Marbury V. Madison is important because in this court case John Marshall introduces the idea of JUDICIAL REVIEW

4 Marbury V. Madison John Marshall was the Chief Justice or lead Supreme Court judge in the Marbury V. Madison court case. He was born in a log cabin on Virginia s frontier and was the oldest out of 15 kids. He worked hard to become a lawyer. Then, John Marshall became a member of the Federalist Party and President John Adams appointed him Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

5 Marbury VS Madison John Marshall made the Supreme Court stronger by introducing the idea of judicial review. The idea of judicial review is very important so you better pay attention! Judicial Review is the power of the Supreme Court to review laws passed by Congress and decide whether or not they match what the Constitution says. If they don't, the Supreme Court can declare them "unconstitutional" meaning they are null and void. Before John Marshall came along the Supreme Court had not claimed this power.

6 Marbury VS Madison At the very end of his term, President John Adams had made many federal appointments, including William Marbury as justice of the peace in the District of Columbia. Thomas Jefferson, the new president, refused to recognize the appointment of Marbury. The normal practice of making such appointments was to deliver a "commission," or notice, of appointment. This was normally done by the Secretary of State. Jefferson's Secretary of State at the time was James Madison. At the direction of Jefferson, Madison refused to deliver Marbury's commission. Marbury sued Madison, and the Supreme Court took the case. James Madison Chief Justice John Marshall wrote that the Judiciary Act of 1789, which spelled out the practice of delivering such commissions for judges and justices of the peace, was unconstitutional because it the gave the Supreme Court authority that was denied it by Article III of the Constitution. Thus, the Supreme Court said, the Judiciary Act of 1789 was illegal and not to be followed. This was the first time the Supreme Court struck down a law because it was unconstitutional. It was the beginning of the practice of "judicial review."

7 So bottom line, you need to know the following 3 things: 1. What is the name of the court case that introduces the idea of judicial review? 2. What is Judicial Review? 3. Who was the chief justice who established the idea of judicial review in Marbury v Madison?

8 Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase happened when the United States bought the Louisiana Territory from France. It happened in You better memorize that year because it is one that the state of Texas requires you to know.

9 Louisiana Purchase Mississippi River New Orleans The Louisiana Purchase was made because the United States really wanted the port city of New Orleans. We wanted it because our farmers in the west needed a way to ship their goods to market. (There were no good roads back then.) If we owned New Orleans would could just ship our stuff down the Mississippi River and out of New Orleans

10 Louisiana Purchase Napoleon Thomas Jefferson sent a representative to France to offer Napoleon (the emperor of France) $7.5 million just for the city of New Orleans. Napoleon needed money for a war with England so he offered us all of Louisiana for only $15 million. This became the greatest land buy of all time. We got the Louisiana Territory for only 3 cents an acre!

11 Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase is very important to the US because it actually doubled the size of the country.

12 So bottom line you need to know the following 4 things about the Louisiana Purchase: 1. What year was the Louisiana Purchase made? Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory so the US could have control of what city? New Orleans 3. What country did Jefferson buy the Louisiana Territory from? France

13 4. Where is the Louisiana Purchase?

14 Lewis & Clark Expedition Thomas Jefferson needed someone to go and explore the new Louisiana Territory. He hired two men: Meriwether Lewis & William Clark. They went on an important expedition which was called the Lewis & Clark Expedition.

15 Lewis & Clark Expedition Lewis & Clark actually explored more than just the Louisiana Territory; they went all the way to the Pacific Ocean. This is how we were able (later) to claim that the Oregon Territory was ours.

16 Lewis & Clark Expedition Lewis & Clark received help from many people on their journey. The most important was Sacagawea, an Indian woman, who served as their guide. She was only 16 when the expedition started and she had just had a baby. Lewis & Clark actually hired her French husband to be their translator but he was worthless and lazy. Sacagawea knew a lot of the territory because she was actually part of a different tribe that lived further west. They even ran into her long lost brother on the journey. She must have been pretty tough because she led the men through raging rivers, snow covered mountains and hot deserts all with a baby strapped to her back.

17 Lewis & Clark Expedition A man named York was an important member of the Lewis & Clark team. York was Clark s black slave. He was taller than six feet and an excellent swimmer, hunter, and trapper. The Indians were awed by York; most had never seen a black man before. Indian warriors often painted their bodies with charcoal. It was a mark of success in battle. So when they saw strong, charcoal-skinned York they thought him the mightiest of men. York trekked, hunted, and risked his life for the expedition. Sadly though, when they returned home, York asked for his freedom and Clark would not grant it.

18 Lewis & Clark Expedition In September 1806, two years and four months after setting out, Lewis & Clark returned to St. Louis, Missouri. Their trip is very important because they were able to: 1. Map a route to the Pacific Ocean. 2. Establish friendships with western Native Americans. 3. Give Americans important information about the lands and wildlife in the west.

19 So bottom line, you have to know the following 2 things about the Lewis & Clark expedition: 1. What is the name of the expedition that explored the Louisiana Territory and went all the way to the Pacific Ocean? Lewis & Clark Expedition 2. Who was the Indian girl that served as a guide for the Lewis & Clark expedition? Sacagawea

20 Embargo Act Thomas Jefferson faced an international problem because both France and England started seizing American ships again. He tried to follow a policy of neutrality as well. His task was even harder because England started doing something new, impressment. Impressment is when you kidnap men and force them to work in your navy.

21 Embargo Act England France Jefferson s attempts to convince France and England to leave American ships alone failed. Between 1803 and 1807 over 1000 American ships had been seized by Britain alone. Jefferson decided to try a new tactic an embargo. This means the United States would stop all trade with other countries. Jefferson hoped that France and Britain would be hurt if we didn t trade with them and then they would quit seizing our ships.

22 Embargo Act Instead of really hurting Britain and England, the Embargo Act really hurt Americans. 55,000 sailors lost their jobs and ships began to rot. The Embargo Act was very unpopular and had to be repealed. In the end it was a total failure.

23 So bottom line you have to know the following 2 things about the Embargo Act: 1. What did Jefferson s Embargo Act do? -Stopped/banned all trade 2. Was the Embargo Act effective? Why? -No, it hurt the US economy way too much.

24 The Barbary War In addition to France and England seizing our ships, pirates from the Barbary States of North Africa would rob our trade ships. For years, pirates from this region had preyed on merchant ships.

25 The Barbary War Presidents Washington and Adams had paid tribute (bribe money) to the Barbary States. In exchange the pirates would not attack our ships. When the state of Tripoli demanded even more money and then declared war on the United States, Jefferson decided to send a fleet of warships over.

26 The Barbary War The war didn t go very well for America in the beginning. In fact, we were getting our behinds kicked. Tripoli even managed to capture one of our ships and the entire crew. They held the crew for ransom.

27 The Barbary War Rather than let Tripoli have the ship, Americans secretly boarded it at night and set it afire. A year later Tripoli signed a peace treaty with us ending the war. Tripoli agreed to stop demanding tribute payments and in return Americans paid $60,000 to get back the ransomed crew.

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