CONNECTING HEMISPHERES ( )

Transcription

1 CONNECTING HEMISPHERES ( ) Renaissance 1400s, new interest in learning led t intellectual and artistic creativity leading t a turning pint in histry Impacts Artistic paintings were realistic; Lenard Da Vinci Architecture use f clumns, arches, and dmes Literature described the dignity f man and behavir; William Shakespeare Plitical rulers justified strengthening their pwer t survive Ecnmic prmted trade, grwth Science/Technlgy spirit f inquiry led t many discveries; Gutenberg s printing press led t the distributin f ideas Refrmatin in 1517 Martin Luther challenged sme Cathlic Church practices by psting his Ninety-Five Theses which set in mtin the Prtestant Refrmatin The Prtestant Refrmatin ended religius unity f Western Eurpe, increased the pwer f Eurpean kings, and als led t the persecutin f religius minrities. The Cathlic Church respnded by frming the Cuncil f Trent that ended the sale f indulgences and defined Cathlic beliefs Mvement Tward Limited Mnarchy English Civil War civil war between Parliament and King Charles; limited ryal pwer Glrius Revlutin cnflict ver final shift f pwer frm the mnarch t Parliament English Bill f Rights dcument that established Parliament s supremacy ver the king and listed ther individual rights f subjects Enlightenment the applicatin f reasn and scientific laws by philsphers: Vltaire (religius tlerance and intellectual freedm), Barn de Mntesquieu (separatin f pwers), and Russeau (Scial Cntract) Elizabeth I created a strng centralized mnarchy that shared pwer with Parliament 1

2 Scientific Revlutin Rejected traditinal authrity and church teachings Scientific methd used bservatin, hyptheses, and testing Galile experimented in physics Rbert Byle Father f Chemistry Issac Newtn law f gravity; impacted the advancement f the Industrial Revlutin MESO-AMERICANS: Early Civilizatins in Central and Suth America Maya Civilizatin built huge cities in Central America develped hierglyphic writing system; a cmplex numbering system including zer; and a 365 day calendar painted murals n temples and palaces Aztec Civilizatin cmplex scial rganizatin in Valley f Mexic cnstructed accurate calendars Inca Civilizatin built large stne buildings in Andes muntains terraced muntain cmmunities grew ptates EXPLORATION AND EXPANSIONISM Ottman Empire A Turkish empire lcated at the crssrads f Eurpe and Asia; gverned by an all-pwerful sultan; well-rganized and efficiently gverned; extensive trade netwrk prmted prsperity and stability fr a perid f time Ming Dynasty verthrew the Mngls in China and established a peaceful, prsperus empire that used shipping and explratin t expand glbal trade with Eurpe Clumbian Exchange trade and inquiry increased Eurpean interest in the New Wrld and resulted in a majr exchange f prducts and ideas 2

3 EXPLORATION AND EXPANSIONISM, Cntinued Eurpean Expansinism brught abut increased explratin and clnizatin by Spain, Prtugal and ther Eurpean cuntries and expanded clnial empires because f military, transprtatin, and cmmunicatin technlgy; brught plitical, ecnmic, and cultural change t the Inca and Aztec Empires Atlantic Slave Trade fueled by expansinism, the grwth f slavery was widespread; African slaves were traded and mst were frced t wrk in the Americas; results included tribal warfare, scial upheaval, and cultural diffusin Eurpe s Cmmercial Revlutin Eurpe s mvement t a glbal ecnmy that included glbal trade, mercantilism (increasing pwer and wealth thrugh advancement f trade), grwth f free enterprise, and develpment f verseas empires (imperialism). This led t an expansin f prducts, learning and entertainment, and an imprved standard f living 3

4 AGE OF REVOLUTIONS ( ) American Revlutin American clnists fught fr independence frm Great Britain after grievances were ignred Clnists favred self-gvernment and representatin Strngly influenced by the Magna Carta, the Glrius Revlutin, the English Bill f Rights and the ideas f Enlightenment philsphers like Jhn Lcke Thmas Jeffersn wrte the Declaratin f Independence that reflected many f these ideals. The Cnstitutinal Cnventin created a new demcratic system f gvernment utlined in the U.S. Cnstitutin where the peple elected their leaders in a republic frm f gvernment prvided separatin f pwers checks and balances prtectin f human rights French Revlutin The French peple began t reject the thught f an abslute mnarchy Causes f the revlutin included: scial inequality ecnmic prblems spread f Enlightenment ideas cncerning individual rights Declaratin f the Rights f Man which prclaimed the peple were svereign (ppular svereignty) A Cnstitutin was written which created a demcratic frm f gvernment Bth American and French revlutins served as examples t ther cuntries seeking plitical refrm and religius freedm. AGE OF REVOLUTIONS ( ), Cntinued Naplen Bnaparte tk pwer in France in 1799 ; cnquered mst f Eurpe, was then defeated by Great Britain, Spain, Germany, Italy and Russia Impact spread ideas f the French Revlutin Ended feudalism and ther restrictins Increased natinalism weakened Spain which led t lsing its Latin America empire Sld the Luisiana Territry t the U.S. Simn Blivar led ne f the Latin American independence mvements t fight Spain fr freedm 4

5 Industrial Revlutin Began in Great Britain because f imprved transprtatin technlgy (Suez Canal, Panama Canal) cmmunicatins large clnial empire that brught an abundance f raw materials large middle class that cntributed capital, labr and inventins Changes include plitical refrm mvements brught scial changes such as 10 hur wrk days, a ban n child labr, imprved water supplies ecnmic mass prductin f prducts lwered prices and increased availability (ex. textile manufacturing, steam engines, assembly lines); intrduced free enterprise (peple decide what t buy, where t wrk, and what t make as explained by Adam Smith in Wealth f Natins) scial urbanizatin increased; imprved living cnditins; medical advances (Luis Pasteur, Marie Curie) Karl Marx criticized the free enterprise system in the Cmmunist Manifest; his ideas became the basis fr cmmunism 5