Mark Sagoff: At the Shrine of Our lady of Fatima or why political questions are not all economic

Transcription

1 SOSC 1000 Curse kit reading summary/ntes Mark Sagff: At the Shrine f Our lady f Fatima r why plitical questins are nt all ecnmic Finding the equilibrium between cnsumer and being a citizen has been that questin that is questined. Being a faithful cnsumer can yu actually g thrugh what yu want at the mment and relieve yur gals fr the future. Peple are indecisive and cntradicting t their wrds and actins. Hwever, in the end is what we vte, chse, r chices that s best fr the ttal ecnmy r is it t just please urselves. Shusky: scial Science between natural science and the humanities 1 Adam smith Auguste cmte: was t discver an ethical system fr strengthening family life Scientist must cnsider when ding experiments f what s cnsidered gd r bad in the eyes f the citizen. As each persn s perspective will differ and each results will be different. Creating a hypthesis, cnducting experiments, and finalizing the hyptheses with a cnclusin, a rewrding f the hypthesis. Hwever, withut testing yu wuld nt be able t find ther cnnectins, such as finding the relatinship between vlume, pressure and heat fr a chemist. Chapter 1: The nature f scial science Factry wrkers reaching quta, hwever incentives were given if ver prductins were made. The wrkers dn t utilize this chance t make mre mney instead, uses it t cver up slw days r prcessing prblem. T lk further int it, the bservers wh are trying t increase the prductin asks the wrkers individually, nnetheless finding nt a straight answers, but mre cnfusin t the situatin. We are asked hw wuld we vercme this situatin? Many scientist wuld disagree n changing the factr. Scientist culd nt answer fully questins abut what is fair r unfair, gd r bad. Ethics and bjectivity in scial science Tw different levels f analysis: direct analysis amral Objective Careful recrder Describing the subject in much detail as pssible Scigrams: Charts based n the results f interview sin which peple are asked whm they like mst in a grup r whm they dislike mst Cmplex nes wuld have mre ptins The ecnmic perspective Utility: The benefit f having an item/bject Diminishing returns: law f diminishing returns act n cnsumers Marginal utility: hw much a additinal item/bject cmpared t utility yu receive frm it The Psychlgical Perspective Persnality: actins that reflects the persn The genetic basis Bilgical determinism The idea that sme races are superir t thers in such areas as academic perfemce Biscial frmatin

2 Cnditining Classical cnditining Reprted by Ivan Pavlv A stimulus prduces a respnse (substitutin) Teaching a new trick t a dg (EX) Operant cnditining B.F Skinner Rewards fr cmpleting an actin Adjustment Prcesses Ratinalizatin Attitude Frm Aesp s Fable Prviding a reasn t failure t get what they want Getting ver prjected amunt Prjectin Pushing wn persnalities Greed Identificatin Fllwing yur inspiratin All f these methds are ways t cpe The Perspective f scilgy and plitical science Status Cmplex set f nrms t describe a sciety Can be determined t be a psitin Infrmal rganizatin Interactin f peple wrking within a framewrk f frmal rules and plicies Sentiments Ex. Prper amunt f prductin The cncept f functin Functinal relatins Mutual relatins amng the parts f a scial; system The Anthrplgical perspective Culture and nrms Culture Cntains all actins, including technlgical advancement and material gds Mre cmplex explanatin wuld be a persn s perspective Nrms Rules Prper status behavir Ex. Wrding if the prnunciatin was mixed Ex. Crss dressing Idea; versus Real Culture Understanding the similarity f status and nrm wuld help Frm

3 Meaning The cncept f functin? Chapter 2: The Histry f scial Science The structure f scientific revlutins Paradigm A general theretical framewrk that guides research in a science Shifts results Advancement in science will change the perspective f hw scientist lk at things Daniel fusfeld Theries are accepted if they are useful The rigins f scial science Intellectual Peple were t think fr themselves Internal cnflict Strife between prtestants and cathlics Thmas Hbbes Human cnditin studies Scial cntract where it limits freedm Angered the king f the time Jhn Lcke Attacked the general acceptance belief that innate ideas gverned much f human behavir Cntained n wh s the king Individual rights Private prperty Mercantilism and Clnialism Mercantilism Freign trade and became useful dctrine in the clnial era Clnialism? Jean Jacques Russeau Surce f wealth Prductin vs. natural prducts Criticized the scial rder Scial greed Plitical, Ecnmic, and scilgical thught, Adam Smith Individual interest was best fr the ecnmy Increasing utility thrugh ur wn actin Free cmpetitins Trades Thmas Malthus The ecnmy had a relatin t the ppulatin size as it grew gemetrically Cmte and de Tcqueville

4 Alexis de Tcqueville A plitical scientist Saw demcracy was avidable Auguste cmte Created the wrd scilgy Saw demcracy as nn avidable Psitivism Where intellectual thught relied n science Scial statics Frces that gld sciety tgether Scial dynamics Causes f change Karl Marx Against capitalism Value f gds and services is determined by the amunt f labur required fr their prductin Emergence f classless sciety Scial Science at the end f the nineteenth century Thrstein Veblen Cntinued the wrk f marx, capitalism n sciety Sciety became mre materialistic Relatin between technlgy and scial change Max Webber Prtestantism Emile Durkheim Anmie Shws a high suicide rate in sciety Tylr and Mrgan Edward taylr Culture = prvince f anthrplgy Evlutin f religin Cultural relativisim Evaluates the practice f ther scieties nly within their wn cultural setting Lewis mrgan Relatinship between marriage and kinsip Evlutin f human sciety Relatin between cultural ideas f prperty and frms f gvernment Defined crsscultural cmparisn Wilhelm Wundt Made psychlgy Scial Science in the twentieth century Develpments in psychlgy Sigmund freud Cured hysteria and ther symptms f neursis

5 Studied dreams t create slutins t prblems Uncnscius theries Develpment f dependency t independent Humanism f shared wrk Psychanalysis B.F Skinner Thery is based n labratry animals Frmatin f cmmunes relying n psitive reinfrcement Between the tw ples f intrspectin and experimentatin Jhn Dewey Knwledge = human survival Develpments in Scilgy and Anthrplgy Unitary cmplexity Institutins Patterned way f perfrming sme general activity within a sciety Institutinalizatin Where sciety is integrated A. R. Radcliffebrwn Develpments in plitical science and ecnmics Plitical behavir Ki A View frm Abve In the Beni Beni Blivian prvince William Denevan : the Pristine muth The belief that the Americas in 1491 were an almst untuched, even edenic land Peple thught f the land in many ways with clear r little evidence. Hwever the arguments that still ccur are is it actually true r it just fr persnal interest. Human alter the nature t make it preserve it fr a lnger perid but wuld that be true? With rganizatin and crpratins trying t take ver the land fr their wn benefits, what wuld actually be the result f Beni? Hlmberg s Mistake The mistake that Hlmberg s made was that he nly lked thrugh n perspective f the Beni civilizatin. He did nt investigate int the histry f the peple r hw the land came t be. He believed that the peple and the land lived cexisting with each ther. Later n, mre scientist s came and figured the land isn t shaped thrugh natural nature but f human made. Als the civilizatin that Hlmberg s lived with were refugees f a war ccurring t catch the Sirin. Withut clear evidence n his claim, he published a bk withut further facts. Empty f Mankind and its wrks Agency Nt actrs in their wn right Passive recipients f whatever windfalls r disasters happenstance Las Casas Anti Spanish view

6 In the past, the Indians were claimed t be barbaric, nly thinking f war and expansin f their crp lands. The Eurpeans thught the civilizatin as a unchanging prcess and deemed them unfit r under civilized sciety. Hwever, thrugh the technlgical advancement, clearer understanding f human sciety and human psychlgy, they started t lk back n why certain things ccurred. The Other Nelithic Revlutins Nelithic revlutin Inventin f: Farming Olmec The first technlgical cmplex culture in the hemisphere Inventin f zer The cnnectin f the civilizatin is hard t explain. Wh is the rightful wner f a certain land and what yur backgrund wuld be cannt be determined. Peple that lived n new America culd be peple frm Australia r Eurpe that crssed ver the iced that ccurred during the ice age. Hwever, that isn t that significant discvery. The significant discvery was the number zer, it helped with mathematics, technlgical advancement, and science. Hwever it was fund in the Olmec sciety, hw was it that the Mayan s and ther Mesamerican s als be using zer? A Guided Tur Epigraphers Schlar f ancient writing Kaan Kingdm f the snakes Why did civilizatins in certain areas die ut? Mst wuld cnsider the fact that ice age r drughts, a surce f fd fr the sciety died ff which created the land t be uninhabitable. Many cities near the Mesamerica have had the same issue. Idelgy and Scial Organizatin Scial critic Pints ut the incnsistencies, the lack f cngruence between empirical evidence and idelgical statements Scial rganizatin Discrepancies between it and their bservatins f scial reality Scial analyst Understand why peple believe what they believe Adptin f a cunteridelgy Placing f faith in an alternative versin f sciety Answers given t a questins can be lked int different perspective. Grwing up, yu experience different answers and learn different things in a certain perspective as yu wuld nt think f questining their answer. Yu wuld learn it in that persns perspective. 1 Acceptance Rejectins Liberalism Scialism Liberal demcracy

7 Equality Individualism Material prsperity Persnal freedm Cunter idelgy, creating chices fr yurself t believe and t reslve situatin. Such example is hw yu wuld run a cuntry. China being cmmunist and Canada being demcracy, there are n incrrect answer but a different view f hw the cuntry wants t prceed in the wrld. 2 Idelgy Shared ideas Perceptin Values Beliefs Dminant idelgy Set f ideas Perceptin Values Beliefs Mst widely shared and great impact Cunter Idelgy Set f ideas Perceptin Values Beliefs Held by substantial minrity and nticeable impact Thery Explicit assumptins A reasning Demnstrated Evidence 3 Sectarian Idelgies are the cre f rganized grup behavir Extreme individualist Sciety has abslutely n claims n the individual, n rules, gvernment, r cnstraints Extreme cllectivisits Sciety always has precedence ver individuals and the right t demand cnfrmance with rules fr the public gd Extreme elitism There shuld be rulers and the rulers shuld have cmpete pwer Extreme egalitarianism All peple shuld be abslutely equal in cnditin, nt just pprtunities Individualist and Market based Idelgies Individualist Anarchism and Libertarianism

8 Anarchists N gvernment and scial restrictins n persnal liberty Libertarians Accept the necessity f gvernment, but wuld restrict its functins t the defence f persn and prperty Firmly believes in pure capitalism Everything wuld be a cmmdities f sale Classical and cntemprary liberalism Classical Liberalism Abslute free market In Canada, bth scial and cnservative makes the sciety whle Liberal view Equality f pprtunity is sufficient and that such equality is largely achieved within the present scial system Uncncerned abut classes Gvernment is suppse t mediate fair and just equality Cllectivist Psitins Cllectivist psitins Argument that the sciety is an rganic whle Sciety is separated int left and right Egalitarian Scial demcratic Scialist Syndicanarchist Cmmunist Hierarchically Cnservative Crpratist Necnservative Fascist Scial Demcratic Accepts basic value f liberalism Emphasis n equality Classes barriers Scialist Displace r enslave labur Cmmunist SyndicAnarchism (r scialistanarchism) Anarchism Belief in the surpremacy f individuals ver sciety 2 branches Rights f wrkers rganizatin t rganize prductin Small cmmunities t gvern themselves Cmmunism Prductin is scialized and all wrkers, r their direct representatives, have a say in hw the sciety is managed.

9 Must be destryed by frce, and that a vanguard f advanced thinkers may required t lead a wrkers revlutin Hstile t demcratic Traditinal Cnservatism Cnservatism High value t class inequalities Hierarchy Paternalisitic relatins between capital and labur Assigned places Crpratism Crpratism Shares similarities t cnservatism, Lks int a mre ecnmic life cmpared t cnservatism Ne Cnservatism Nt a ruling class has the bligatin t care fr its subjects But there is a ruling class Fascism Extreme frm f crpratin Frce in cntrlling dissidents Nazi Dminant Idelgy Private prperty rights Ecnmic drive fr prfits 4 Envirnmentalist started t get int the plitical scene. Defending the current nature we have left, many ecnmist think f the land f their wn and can d whatever they want. Hwever, it s harming the verall nature f things. Als religin parties started t enter int the plitical status. 5 Deprivatin Opprtunities t exceed the cmmn cnditin Difference f scial rganizatin and capitalist rganizatin in Canada Legitimacy f inequality Nblesse blige Class changes Incentives fr inventin Legal prtectin Freedm Prperty rights Enclsure act Pushed rural peple ff land and bliged them t enter urban emplyment Decrease farmers Schl helped teach them skills and get a higher wage paying jb Equal rights fr jb pprtunity Wealthy des nt have t feed the pr like the ld age Natin state

10 Territry larger than a feudal estate which the resident ppulatin can effectively defend against utsider while sustaining their wn livelihd Clnies were land with natural resurces t send back t mther cuntry Spices and such Als fr ver ppulatin Burgeisie Industrial and financial leaders f the mvement New barriers fr freedm 6 The industrial sciety is nt a static scial rganizatin The faster the advancement f the sciety, the mre faults we wuld have t create ur wn demise Prgress thery. Page 71 Prtestantism > Cathlicism Even thugh we technlgically advanced, we created prblems with it such as enslaving urselves fr the demand f the prduct in rder t meet the demand. We always adapt t the new situatins, hwever, after we create a new sciety the whle cycle revlves again. 7 One: Mythistry, r truth, myth, histry, and histrians Myth are fake Facts are truth Hwever facts can always be revised Facts t ne histrian can be a myth t anther Which created the evidence thery Histrians write in a way which depicts a heric act, which makes it nt entirely true Insights mre cnflict and alienate the ther persn/cuntry Histrians shuld be reprting n a unbias past in rder t nt create tensin between tw. It is t chrnically rganize the infrmatin int a favrable list such as stars Patterns Theries Sharing the truth Creates a mtive t live Knwledge Religius views There are many which creates factins Cmmn past Lking fr the minrities in the land Jews histry Gds pwer ver human affairs Greeks All free men equal Cmmn bedience t law Balance between truth, truths, and myth

11 Truth Human behavir is an unattainable gal, hwever delectable as an ideal Truths What histrians achieve when they bend their minds as critically and carefully as they can t the task f making their accunt f public affairs credible as well as intelligible t an audience that shares enugh f their particular utlk and assumptins t accept wht they say Myth Cnstitute truth fr sme and always will be myth fr thers If yu believe it r nt Cre quia absurdum Meeting freign civilizatin wuld help t gather the truth as yu islate the nt s imprtant infrmatin Tw: The Care and repair f Public Myth Myth Based n faith mre then fact Clumbus and Western Civilizatin Wh cntrls the past cntrls the future. And wh cntrls the present cntrls the past Gerge Orwell Clumbus Wrte letters f hw peaceful the natives were Hwever nly saw them as servants Wanted t cnvert the natives t Christians Gave quta f gld t mine r their arms wuld be hacked ff Did nt have enugh gld s they sent slaves Samuel Elit Mrisn Many fled, died, and cmmitted suicide because f the quta Stated Clumbus t be the reasn f the deppulatin f the natives Many females were raped Gencide Las Casas A priest that spke fr the natives Sickness became a majr issue Many illness were brught by the Spaniards Chauncey DePew Saw Clumbus day f wealth and prsperity Patritism? Whats that t him Cnquered peple Western Civilizatin Great Idea Bstn glbe MIT students gt tgether and discussed prgressin they thught that we shuld start thinking abut sustainability cmpared t innvatin f prgressin

12 Alam Blm Supprter f the Clumbus discvery What is the western civilizatin? We depict all the statistics that are beneficial t be patritic t ur cuntry but leave ut the cld hard cruelty in rder t gain the patritism. Clumbus s discvery wuld be ne f the cases that peple wuld cnsider either it was a great discvery r a gencide that happened. The Family as a Crprate Grup The Slidarity f the family Sarakatsani, the bld which children inherit nt nly represents, but it is the physical and mral attributes that frm their scial persnalities Bld is intimately related t curage Curage and physical strength are qualities that men require Hierarchy in family n page 102 secnd paragraph Marriage By must be nble and wmen must be a virgin Divrce was permitted: Under Adultery Once they have intercurse, the bnd will be till death A illegitimate child will be send ut f the twn withut mercy, as a thing withut hnur Material gds belnging t it are regarded as a cmmn stck f wealth prviding means fr the subsistence f its members Ultimgeniture A principle f inheritance whereby the yungest sn succeeds t the estate f his ancestr Primgeniture First brn r eldest child inherit Fratricide Killing f brther A sn may nt be disinherited Frtiri Public behavir Page 104, 191, paragraph 2 Camaraderie Friendship Whether r nt hnur is lst depends The manliness f the man Sexual shame f the wmen Therefre, in mst cases, the absence f passive slidarity in bld vengeance and the remval f the killer t prisn and later t vluntary exile prevents the executin f vengeance. Unmarried brther are allwed t have vengeance, unless the victim has a sn, which he will take the vengeance Hstility Between Unrelated Families Affairs f hnur 1st vilatin f family hnur, which is an utrage n ne persn 2nd act f vengeance One family ges up in the wrld the thers must necessarily cme dwn Retaliatin The Values f Prestige 1. The Hierarchy

13 Hierarchy f prestige Precise knwledge f the genealgy, wealth, mral character, and cnduct f each family Ostentatius pride impress r bast 2. Hnur Hnur Cnditin f integrity, f being untuched by this kind f attack, insult, r betrayal. T be a man be curageus and fearless strng in bdy and in spirit well endwed with testicles a) ruthless ability in an frm f endeavr quality required f wmen instinctive revulsin frm sexual activity attempt in dress, mvement, and attitude, t disguise the fact that she pssesses the physical attribute f her sex virgins married wmen must have thughts f a virgins The Hnurable Man : Psitive ideals Divisin f labur Tasks which are nrmally perfrmed by n sex are carried ut by persn f the ther sex in an emergency Wmen Merciless rutine f wrk and suffering Camaraderie and the cnsciusness f a cmmn fate help them t face t Slidarity f wmen is ften expressed in the frequent discussin amng thse related by kinship r marriage f their cmmn subjectin t men in sexual activity Wmen has the sexual ability t lure men, wh cannt refuse Must cver frm head t te Wmen f age 16 cannt leave the huse because it s a sign f lking fr husband which puts shame within the family Mst nt shw emtin Must walk behind the husband Mst be healthy at all times Sexual activity Prduce children Cannt be n spiritual days Secrecy and withut speech Family head Cautin Mderatin Selfrestraint The Hnurable Man: Negative Restrictins The Material Elelments in prestige Numbers Mass Number f sn/brthers

14 b) c) d) 6. Mre sns mre hnr Revenge Wealth Number f vistrs mean higher reputatin Lineage Marriages Hnr f bth families Must think, what s is benefiting yu in the marriage Dwry The Sanctins f Prestige values Childhd Child labur Already intense in the past, did nt change Intensificatin f child labur due t industrial revlutin Children wh were scarcely tddlers might be set t wrk, fetching and carrying Were requested in textile cmpanies Explitatin f child labur and persisted with brutality Limitatin f hurs wuld help child labur Stppage f the mill machinery culd guarantee limitatin Cmmenced a day fr multitudes f children Went n fr 78 hurs and the children were sleeping n their feet Prfessr Hutt Did nt find anything wrng with child labur The Factry Mvement Represented less a grwth f middleclass humanitarianism than an affirmatin f human rights by the wrkers themselves Blue bks Refrm Chapter fur: The Mral Ecnmy f the English Crwd in the Eighteenth Century Only bring tgether an index f unemplyment and ne f high fd prices t be able t chart the curse f sicla disturbance Peple prtest when they are hungry It is f curse true that rits were triggered ff by saring prices, by malpractices amng dealers, r by hunger Cnflict between the cuntryside and the twn was mediated by the price f bread 19th century wages 18th century prices Bread was mstly eaten Paternalist mdel Existed in an erded bdy f statute law Infrmed the actins f gvernment in times f emergency until the 1770s The pr shuld have the pprtunity t buy grain, flur, r meal first, in small parcels, with dulysupervised weights and measures Dealers had many restrictins as there were laws against frestalling, regrading and engrssing, cdified in the reign f Edward VI

15 In their nrmal practice, recgnize much f the change, but they referred back t this mdel whenever emergency arse Unlimited, unrestrained freedm f the crn trade was als the demand f adam smith The new ecnmy entailed a demralizing f the thery f trade and cnsumptin n less farreaching Only way in which this selfadjusting ecnmy might break dwn was thrugh the meddlesme interference f the state and f ppular prejudice Setting the pstharvest price, was the expectatin f the harvest yield Other materials were mixed with flur t make bread Exprting the crn, even when they were in shrtage infuriated the peple f the land Price f flur raised that the pr culd barely affrd Prvking the peple t fury by a sudden advance in the price f flur r an evident deteriratin in its quality The Duble Bind f Mdernity Individuals will be placed frm: Interests Attitudes Distinct scial attributes: Cmmn age Sex Occupatin Religin Urban rural lcatin Age Educatin Discretinary incme Incme ver the necessities Distinctin f the life style and cultural tastes (What incme class) Mass cnsumptins Autmbile Small twns gt expsed t ther twns which created a bigger market Mtin picture Freedm f thught Scilgical innvatins (marketing) What ne displays, what n shws, is a sign f achievement Advertising tells us hw we shuld be living and the rles in the family Three scial inventins Revlutins in technlgy Prducing cheaper prducts Develpment f marketing Differentiatin f prducts and interests Spread f installment buying Less fear f debt (credit card) Installment selling 1st Installment sales were fr the pr Sign f financial instability

16 2nd Debt t higher classes Living beynd n s means Savings Banks advertisement Achievements Shwn by prducts Status The Thery f Mass Sciety Ancien regime Image f sciety which has lst its framewrk f feudal liberty thrugh the destructin f the autnmus crpratins and estates n which it rested, is a crnerstne f the cnstructin Gemienschaft Gesellschaft Disintegrative influence f capitalism and urban life had left man alne and helpless T prtect himself, he fled int the arms f the allabsrbing ttalitarian party N sciety culd g n reprducing itself and maintaining even a cerced rder if it crrespnded t the descriptin given by the critics f mass sciety 1. Mass sciety New rder f sciety Came nisily and pnderusly Integratin f sciety happens in tw ways: Vertically Class Hrizntally Bnd within the class Gvernment in ur age are mre active t us by legislatin and educatin frm childhd 2. Plis Cmmn citizenship extending ver a vast territry Natinality Language Created cliques Civil Dispsitin Acknwledgement f the legitimacy f the authrity 3. Cmpetitin and cnflicts f crprate bdies resting n diverse class, ethnic, prfessinal, and reginal identificatins and attachments are vigrus and utspken in this new rder f sciety Inequalities exist in mass sciety, and they call frth at least as much resentment, if nt mre, than they ever did Prduct f change in mral attitudes Vx ppuli, vx dei? Surce f the mass sciety Traditins cntinue t exert their influence; but they are less vertly acknwledged N sciety can ever cut itself ff frm its past as a surce f its wn legitimacy

17 the attenuatin f tradiditinal belief and f attachment t the past is accentuated by the less authritative relatinship f adults t children which in itself is a utcme f the same mral shift which has enabled mdern sciety t becme a mass sciety Pg inequalities remain, partly frm traditin, partly frm functinal necessity, and partly frm the fact that the mvement tward equlity is nt the nly fundamental impulse that mves men and wmen Pg. 79 Civility Acceptance f the tasks f the management f public affairs 5. Institutinal f the individual Acknwledgement f neself heavier stress n present enjyment rather than n the bligatin f respect tward traditin, invlves necessarily an pening t experience Pg Religin started t degrade within the public Material help and sympathy started t establish Rewards fr a perfrmance Efficiency and justice require als a fixatin f the rules gverning rights and bligatins 7. Industrial sciety Transprtatin Cmmunicatin Quality f human living started t imprve frm the industrial revlutin due t innvative inventin and simplicity f prcesses ccurring Used t replace ccupatinal achievement 8. Limitatins in sciety 9. Indiscipline f yuth and neglected the aged 1 wrk as a scial Prblem Wrk as a central human Activity Humans alter their wn nature Only species that wrks? Wrk ffers sense Pride r shame Accmplishment r meaninglessness Hw yu spend yur time at wrk affects yur free time Identifying wrk as a scial prblem Explitatin f wrking Legislatin was created t help wrkers cnditin Defective traits Laziness Lw intelliegence Lack f respect Safety nets Eliminatin f

18 Unpleasant, mindless, and insecure jbs David crll Directed the massive investigatin f pverty Gvernment Increased taxes and made it harder t incur mney Made crpratins mre prfitable Wmen Jbs: Elementary schl teacher Nursing Restaurant wrk Basic reasn f wrk Maintain themselves and their families in rder t d the things they really enjy. Life fr these peple begins when wrk ends pg 174 kit Keep ccurpied, bred, r idle Extrinsic wrk rewards dn t ask the child t take the parent s lives as a mdel but as a warning pg 175 Alienatin and its surces Alienated labur Fur aspects f alienated labur Dn t knw what the prducts fr Wuld nt knw due t wage rate Creates a gap between classes tw mre aspects n this self estrangement meaning and purpse f wrk physical survival The verall rganizatin f te wrk place The immediate wrkplace itself alienatin twards ne t anther class structure Alienatin always entails a ntin f human estrangement frm persn, bjects, values, r frm neself pg 179 kit Alienatin is seen as residing in the scial structure rather than in individual persnalities; its causes are scial rather than psychlgical pg. 179 kit Surces f Alienatin Alienated labur Cncentratin f the means f prductin in the ahdns f a small but dminant class Markets in land, labur, and cmmdities Elabrate divisin f labur Specializatin and the separatin f mental and manual labur Technlgy and industrialism

19 Technlgy, mechanizatin, r industrialism have nt been included amng the cause f alienated labur page 182 kit What are class and inequality? All scieties are stratified in ne way r anther, in hierarchies f pwer and wealth. Page 185 kit Scial class Pr vs. rich Discussed as inequality in mdern sciety Glbal Inequality British stats Thrughut industrial revlutin, mre peple went int pverty Glbal rich Inheritrs f wealth Inequality Is an abstractin Statistical term when victims and beneficiaries appear Grwing Inequality Inequality in the bulging middle class Just the way things are pg. 186 kit Scial injustice Scial classes are remade in wayts which make them bscure t the participants Why class became Crucial Class stratificatin Divisin f sciety int unequal strata r grups Class interests Owners f capital Wrkers Relatinship is explitative Five: the Westray Stry the enterprise invlved used the crprate frm t avid legal and mral respnsibilities pg 193 kit Paper cmpanies The Westray Stry, In Cnclusin Many persns and entities had defaulted in their legislative, business, statutry, and management respnsibilities Chapter 2: the PstWar Canadian State Cnstructing the Keynesian Welfare State Crprate sectr Attacking n welfare state The victry f the laburers and scial actin grups The Great depressin Generated plitical crisis

20 Laissezfaire Withut state interventin and regulatin in the ecnmy, the market simply wuld nt survive pg. 202 Unins Jhn Maynard Keynes Prvided why state shuld intervene Gave the slutin t the crisis f capitalism High stable level f incme and emplyment Full emplyment Frdist regime [T]he era f the dminance f mass prductin, balanced by high levels f mass cnsumptin maintained by institutinal supprts which includes Keynesian demand, plicies, and an accrd between business and labur pg. 202 Glden age f welfare Educatin, health, scial security, and ecnmy blmed Cntrlled banking, credit, currency, and bankruptcy Canada Scial spending is lwer 3rd 1930 Leaned twards laissez faire Tax Sense f citizenship Free educatin, incme supprt and health care The Keynesian Welfare State in Canada Scial cntracts: Key interests f capital was left t private sectrs The state made three majr cncessins t labur: Plicies ensuring high stable levels f emplyment and incmes (Full emplyment) 1945 white paper n emplyment and incme High labur frce was gd enugh Keynesianism were blamed fr unemplyment Inflatin level State wuld private assistance if unable t participate in labur market (A Scial Safety Net) Beveridge Reprt Reprts n Scial Security in Canada If full emplyment plicies fail, yu shuld give welfare t peple Unemplyment Insurance was intrduced Universal Family Allwance system Fr Canadian children Canada Assistance Plan (A Cstshared federalrpvincial prgram prviding welfare and scial assistance services) 1966 Federal Medical Care Act Five things required fr funding:

21 Universality Cmprehensiveness Prtability Accessibility Public administratin Imprve wages and living standards (Rights fr Labur) Needed a level f wrker supprt Must be a meeting befre a strike The Crisis f the Canadian Keynesian State Tw versins f cnsensus Talked abut the mixed ecnmy State sectr, welfare, and planning Cnsensus 1973 Organizatin f Petrleum Exprting Cuntries (OPEC) Increase f il prices Glbalizatin ccurred Ging t third wrld cuntries fr cheap labur technlgical advancements 1 Glbalizatin then and nw glbalizatin Cmputer technlgy Dismantling f trade barriers Expanding plitical and ecnmic pwer f multinatinal crpratins Christpher Clumbus! Old Glbalizatin Cecil Rhdes Obtain raw materials and explit the cheap slave labur Large amunt f resurces were taken t fund Eurpe Trades ccurred, raw material fr finished prducts Trading bms Glden era Cmparative advantage Develped in 1817 by David Ricard in his Principles f Plitical ecnmy and taxatin Wrte abut specializing in prducing gds where they have an advantage when certain things were met: Fair trade and nt dependent f each ther N high wage t lwer Market Magic Adam Smith Invisible hand

22 Lcal investments nly Different frm tday Cmmunicatin technlgy Prductin, sales and distributin f gds and services Factries are placed where its cheaper t emply Mbility f crpratins A Perspective n glbalizatin Real scialism became int picture against capitalism The Crisis f the mid1970s 1978 Internatinal ecnmy Mvements in trade, investments, and payments crssing natinal barders Wrld ecnmy Prductin and financed were being rganized Third wrld cuntries Lwered legislatin, lwered currency, and lwered living standards t get mre exprts During the depressin First wrld Sacrificing welfare Glbalizatin as idelgy Wrld ecnmy Tk advantage f the territrial fragmentatin f the internatinal ecnmy Mbility Was t ensure the magic f market Repressive plice and military frce t prevent destabilizatin f the wrld ecnmy Frm prtests Glbalism and the Bisphere Mid 1970s Rle f states Human sustainability Resurce depletin Pllutin Glbalism Space and Time Henri Bergsn Time Clck time Measuring what s happening utside Nature is making sure everything happens ne sequentially Duratin Experienced time

23 Cnstrictins in mental and physical actins Fernand Braudel Time speed is different in different envirnment Three levels f time Instantaneus time/cybernetic(realtime) Cnjunctural time Lngue Duree Very slw t change The Cntradictins f Glbalizatin Scial plarizatin Three part hierarchy Serve glbal prductin and finance in reasnably stable jbs Serve the glbal ecnmy in mre precarius emplyment Superfluus labr Africa Lss f regulatry pwer due t the state T enhance natinal cmpetitiveness Uneven decmpsitin f civil sciety Grwing gap between the base f sciety and plitical leadership Class Emphasis n lcality rather than wider plitical authrities Ptential Fr transfrmatin Chapter 4: glbalizatin, industrial restructuring and labur Five dmain f industrial recnstructing Glbalizatin f prductin Restructuring f the state Frdism t flexible prductin T vercme rigidities in labur markets pg. 227 kit Expansin and restructuring f the service ecnmy Reentry f wmen int the frmal labur market Canadian labur market NIDL (new Internatinal divisin f labur) T cvercme the current capital accumulatin crisis Cre Transnatinal Crpratins (TNCs) Flexible accumulatin Rapid technlgical changes External (Peripheral) Prletariat Restructuring the internatinal divisin f labur Histry Christpher Clumbus discver f america Explitatin f labur in peripheral areas Ne liberalism Frmal independence

24 Newly Industrializing Cuntries (NICs) Advanced beynd the typical third wrld cuntries Brazil Suth Krea Sme cuntries in Africa slipped t furth wrld NIDL (New Internatinal Divisin f labur) Third wrld n lnger exprt and imprt manufactured gds frm first wrld cuntries Is the prduct f technlgical develping which helped capital mbility Breaking prductin int segments In terms f intensity and skill levels Efficient transprtatin Gegraphical dispersin f prductin segments Advance in cmmunicatins Pst war Wanted t deindustrializatin f first wrld cuntries IDL (Internatinal divisin f labur) Started in 16th century Three phases f IDL Mercantilist Frm 16th 18th century Cmpetitive/industrial capitalist 18th 19th century Wagelabur Mnply capitalist First half f twentieth century Wage labur New wrld market factry /glbal factry Prductin were shipped t third wrld cuntries Free Prductin Znes Lw waged Lw skilled labur Brettn Wd cnference 1944 US renewed interest in third wrld cuntries Transnatinal Crpratins (TNCs) Third wrld are surces fr raw materials Glbalizatin f jbs Cmpetitin thrughut the wrld States have a race t the bttm t attract mre crpratins t their state States have little legislatin abut: taxes, prfit remittances, envirnmental regulatins and albur rights and benefits Canada and glbal restructuring Deindustrializatin began in 1960 in Canada 1975 canada became a net exprter f capital, mainly t U.S pg Canada U.S. Free trade agreement (FTA)

25 NAFTA (Nrth American Free Trade agreement) Crprate agenda takevers, mergers, dwnsizing, ratinalizatin, prductin shifts, buy backs, bankrupticies, adjustment, clsures, layffs, and wage cuts. It als invlves public sectr adjustments such as privatizatin, deregulatin, cntracting ut, and ther measure which enhance the crprate climate pg. 230 Sunbelt? Rustbelt? Institutinal Revlutinary Party (PRI) Maquiladra Zne Runaway investrs Mexic GATT General agreement n trade and tariffs MAI Multilateral Agreement n investments Restructuring the state Neliberalism Privatizatin f cmpanies Limiting gvernment interventin Gvernments in all capitalist cuntries, t varying degrees, have intrduced legislatin that prmts the privatizes public crpratins pg. 232 Restructuring f labur markets and labur prcess in Canada 1970 wage cntrls 1980 scial prgrams 1990 shift t the lean state Reductin in welfare state Strict rules n entering welfare Cnstructing a flexible labur market Lean prductin Flexible prductin prcess Flexibility t prductin: Cst cutting Reducing the size f wrk frces Efficient use f full emplyment Wrking smarter Efficient use f part time emplyees Gegraphical utsurcing Justintime Prductin (JIT) The resilience f a cmpany Canada The case f the Aut industry The Mney Game Prductin f wealth Extractin and cncentratin f wealth

26 Delinking Mney frm value Barter First transactins f equal prducts being traded 1944 Brettn wd Created Wrld Bank and Internatinal Mnetary Fund Gld standard 1971 President Richard Nixn stpped the gld exchange fr US dllars Cmputers N mre paper and stred int data Basic fur develpment int transfrmatin f the financial system US financed glbal expansin with dllars Digital cntact, cmputers, t the markets and trades. Als make transactins withut human interventin Panels f investrs became small prfessinal investrs. Als banks started t create their wn mnply in the market Mutual and pensin funds were altered Grwing prfits frm bnds and such Tw ways f creating mney withut value Debt Banks: lans mney f peples accunt Visa Asset values Stck Land Piece f art If the assets were gld r il, this phenmenn wuld be called inflatin. In stcks, it is called wealth creatin. P. 242 kit Kurtz Value f mney culd nt change the supply f ur fd Predatry Finance investment is by nature prductive in the sense that it increases the size f the ecnmic pie pg. 245 Extractin f invest Natural resurces Speculatin Gambling Derivative cntracts Bets n mvements f stck, currency prices, interest rates, stck market indices Creating uncertainty and risk Extractin f prfit Arbitraging Speed Speculating

27 Bets n shrt term fluctuatins n prices Insuring Assurance Hedge fund High risk, shrt term speculatin Minimum f 1 millin dllar Quantum fund