The French Revolution: The Late Stages
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- Hector Shaw
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1 The French Revlutin: The Late Stages The Radical Revlutin - The Secnd Revlutin - Flight t Varennes June 1791 Luis XVI attempted t flee Pssibly England Captured and brught back t Paris Significant since it t away peple s trust in king - Imprisnment f Ryal Family August 1791 Limited Mnarchy ended New cnstitutin needed - Freign War Begins Spring 1792 France declared war n Austria and Prussia French wanted t spread demcratic ideas - Declaratin f War French lsing Austrians and Prussians utside f Paris Surrender r else they threaten t destry the city f Paris Issue an rder nt t hurt the ryal family Brunswick Manifest August 1792 French Angry Rally and resume war effrt - Paris Cmmune Radicals tk ver the municipal city gvernment f Paris Radicals kick ut all the mderates August 1792 Demand creatin f Natinal Cnventin - Strming f the Tuileries Ppular Revlt Of the Cmmn Peple Supprted by Natinal Guard Attack n the King s palace Massacre f Palace Swiss guards - September Massacre September 1792 Mbs f the pr ram the streets Kill enemies f the Revlutin 1 st and 2 nd estate Killed 1
2 - Natinal Cnventin Replaced the Legislative Assembly Declares Universal Male Suffrage Every male Vtes Purpse was t end riting, discntent, fd shrtages, chas Have truble Cntrlled by the Jacbins Very Radical Execute the King January 21, Freign War Expands Battle f Valmy Turning Pint f the war September 1792 French Victry Expansin T Belgium and Netherlands France annexes territries Against Britain In the name f spreading equality First Calitin Frmed against the French Britain Spain Austria Prussia - Cmmittee f Public Safety 12 Member Dictatrship Emergency pwers Temprary Gals Win war Prtect the revlutinary mvement Lead by Maximilian Rbespierre Burgeisie Jacbin Republic f Virtue Everyne equal Everyne in peace Ideal sciety Reign f Terrr T achieve Republic f Virtue Killed all wh did nt agree with him r Republic f Virtue 40,000-60,000 killed Revlutinary tribunals System f special curts Very shrt trials Often withut any evidence 2 minute trials 2
3 Law f Suspect T find and punish traitrs Suspected anti-revlutinaries arrested and imprisned Withut gd evidence Levee en Masse T fight freign war Cnscriptin All men eligible Law f Maximum T cntrl inflatin Set wage and price cntrls Easy t get arund Revlutinary calendar T emphasize revlutin Year 1 = 1792 Weeks were 10 days lng Mnths based n seasn and climate Wrship f the Supreme Being Similar t Deism Saw the church as t cnservative Trying t weaken church De-Christianizatin Campaign T demand lyalty t the state New frms f Address Madame and Misseu Citizeness and Citizen Used fr everybdy Subsistence Cmmissin T feed the sldiers State culd cnfiscate fd, clthing, war supplies New Cnstitutin Cmmissin f Public Safety disbanded befre Enfrced radical ideas Ventrse Laws T weaken the nbility and help the peasants Cnfiscated prperty f anti-revlutinaries and gave it t the pr Ablished slavery In all clnies Already in France itself Educatinal Refrms Set up military academies Planned fr free public elementary educatin Never instituted Weaknesses Never culd enfrce Went t far Overextended in freign war Peple hated laws f maximum Frightened freign gvernments 3
4 Rbespierre Killed Blamed and executed 10 th Thermidr July 27, 1794 End f the terrr The Cnservative Reactin - Thermdrian Reactin Reactin against terrrs f Cmmittee f Public Safety Rbespierre executed Led by mderates and cnservatives Clsed Jacbin clubs Repened Churches Repealed Law f suspects Revlutinary tribunals Universal male suffrage White Terrr Executin f radicals Wrte new cnstitutin Cnstitutin f Year III - The Directry New Gvernment Replaced Natinal Cnventin Empwered by the Cnstitutin f the Year III Cntrl ver France and Belgium Created a republic Universal Male Suffrage Mderates/Cnservatives Cntrlled by burgeisie Represented their interests Mst interested in ecnmics Free market Vting Universal Male Suffrage All adult males vte fr electrs Electrs chse all gvernmental fficials Organizatin Tw Huse Legislature Cuncil f Elders/Ancients Upper Huse Married men ver 40 Cnservatives Cuncil f 500 Lwer Huse Men ver 30 Executive Branch Five Directrs Middle Class men ver 40 Picked by elders 4
5 Gals Restre stability Reduce crime End riting Did nt succeed Repair finances Ablished assignats Cut expenditures Reduce debt Cntinue freign war Weaknesses VERY crrupt fficials Lacked leadership Defeated First Calitin Secnd Calitin frmed The directrs were businessmen nt pliticians Did nt slve prblems Dependent n military success Naplen Bnaparte Put dwn revlts Cnstantly at war Hardly wn battles Onging prblems Riting Unable t stp it Fixes electins and purges Religius cnflict Inflatin and debt Enemies Right Mnarchists Clichy Club (Ryalists) Wanted t bring back Luis XVI brther Left Cnspiracy f Equals Organized by Gracchus Babeuf T verthrw the Directry - Cup d Etat - Cnsulate Sudden, bldless verthrw f gvernment Planners Ducs (Directr) Sieyes (Directr, Activist) Naplen (General) Set up Cnsulate Three Cnsuls Naplen is 1 st Cnsul Naplen leads 1802 names 1 st Cnsul fr life 5
6 1805 named Emperr f the French By plebiscite Results - Burgeisies gained mst frm revlutin New burgeis elements Nuveaux riche - New Generatin Different pint f view Yung peple were tired f revlutin 6
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