Turn in: 1.Reading Questions 2.Map Questions 3.Charts 4.Opinion Matters 5.Poster

Transcription

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2 Turn in: 1.Reading Questions 2.Map Questions 3.Charts 4.Opinion Matters 5.Poster

3 France Charles de Gaulle 1946: Fourth Republic changes: th Republic strong president nukes increased economy outcome Student protests & labor strikes de Gaulle leaves office

4 France Francois Mitterrand (1981) aid workers nationalized industries economic decline continues Jacques Chirac (1995) conservative

5 West Germany to Germany Conrad Adenauer Economic miracle Unemployment fell Social Democrats Willy Brandt Treaty with East Germany (1972) Helmut Kohl (1980s and 90s) economic boom Reunification (1990) problems weak east unemployment attacks on foreigners

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7 Great Britain Weakened by WWII creates a welfare state passes: National Insurance and Health Service Act outcome: leads to breakup of British Empire Northern Ireland Catholics vs. Protestants Margaret Thatcher (1980s) conservative reforms response: strikes & demonstrations = Thatcher resigns Tony Blair (1997) = Labour Party, 9-11, War on Terror

8 Unity between Western Europe Rome Treaty European Economic Community created: Free trade for members but tariff on others impact: became largest exporter and purchaser of raw materials EEC Added GB, Ireland, Denmark economic union European Union (1994) common currency

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10 United States 1960s JFK importance: youngest president happened: assassinated

11 United States Johnson Civil Rights Act of 1964 prior = separate but equal leaders = Martin Luther King Jr stated = no segregation or discrimination Voting Rights Act impact: no more grandfather clause, literacy test, etc race riots in North Vietnam protests Nixon comes to office

12 United States 1970s Nixon law and order Watergate Carter economic inflation Iran

13 United States 1980s and 90s Reagan cut social programs military buildup budget deficit Bush economic downturn end of Cold War Clinton new kind of Democrat extracurricular Bush II & Obama War on Terror

14 Canada Economic success resources manufacturing US investment Pierre Trudeau rule for 2 decades 2 official languages Unity problems French vs. English separation vote in Quebec

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17 Détente When? 1970s What? Improved relations between US and USSR Signs that things were better: trade between two Setbacks: USSR invades Afghanistan US reaction: US not involved in Olympics Embargo on grain Reagan Calls USSR evil empire Military increase Military aid to Afghan rebels

18 Brezhnev Ideas/Changes: Brezhnev Doctrine stated that USSR had right to intervene in another Communist state Allowed more access to Western culture Problems: Government too big and corrupt Farmers had no incentive to work Rise in infant mortality Decline in economy Rise in alcoholism Poor working conditions

19 Gorbachev Policies Glasnost openness to discussion of USSR problems Perestroika restructuring Economic Plan: Create market economy

20 Gorbachev Political change Created Congress of People s Deputies Elected parliament First time since 1918 Allowed for political parties to form Communist party no longer the lead role Created position of president he was first and only president of USSR

21 Gorbachev Changes allowed for hidden problems to show Problem: several ethnic groups in area Led to calls for independence Ukraine first to get independence October 3, 1990 Germany reunites Dec. 25, 1991 USSR dissolved

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23 Russia

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25 Russia First President of Russia - Boris Yeltsin Economy free market Problems: Chechens used force to keep them from revolting

26 Russia Putin Changes Land reform Tax cuts Moved to join WTO

27 Poland workers protests Lech Walesa Solidarity President Pope John Paul II

28 Czechoslovakia mass demonstrations Vaclav Havel Avoid ethnic conflicts split in 1993

29 Romania Nicolae Ceausescu harsh rule economic policies Revolt Ceausescu s executed

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31 Yugoslavia Tito dies (1980) Independence ( ) Slovenia, Macedonia, BH, Croatia Slobodan Milosevic Serbia attacks Muslims in Bosnia (1995) attacks ethnic Albanians in Kosovo (1998) NATO response to both

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34 Economic Problems Military dictatorships encouraged multinational corporations Banana Republics increased dependence on wealthy nations massive loans

35 Mexico 50s & 60s 70s PRI- Institutional Rev. Party Single party rule steady growth gains, wages Protests Mexico City, 1968: police killed 100s new oil reserves = increased exports dependence on oil exports: oil prices drop Vicente Fox (2000) 1 st non-pri candidate elected president

36 Cuba Since the Crisis Castro some reforms relied on Soviet aid Gone after 1991 Helms-Burton Act US law: embargo on Cuba stepped down Health issues Brother (Raul) to transition to political reforms

37 Central America El Salvador military dictatorships early 1990s: civil war Marxist rebels vs. US-funded army 75,000 dead

38 Central America Panama Manuel Noriega Military leader Drug trade CIA asset US invasion (1989) Panama Canal (1999)

39 Argentina Juan Peron descamisados (workers) shirtless ones Peron as president nationalized industries Authoritarian fascist gangs overthrown but returned military took over after he died (1976)

40 Argentina Falkland Islands aka Malvinas war against UK defeat!! opened door for democracy

41 Chile Salvador Allende (1970) increased wages nationalized industries Foreign corps pushed out angered wealthy landlords and American mining companies copper assassinated After reelection Sept 11 th General Augusto Pinochet military dictatorship brutal regime defeated in 1989 Arrested as human rights abuser

42 Peru mostly poor, landless peasants General Juan Velasco Alvarado attempted reforms peasant cooperatives nationalized industries removed in 1975 Shining Path killed and tortured goal: classless society

43 Colombia coffee plantations Owners dominated gov t violent response to Marxist groups 200,000 killed stopping attempts to organize peasants drug production Cocaine Cartels Violence aerial eradication American troops

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45 Independence Ghana: 1 st 1960: 17 nations Last: Angola, Mozambique (from Portugal) 1970s Algeria: French settlers independence in 1962

46 Challenges Civil war: Nigeria (1960s) Economy worsened when oil prices dropped

47 Challenges Ethiopia and Somalia: drought and war civil war and war between each other

48 Challenges Dictatorships: Idi Amin in Uganda (1970s) Others: Liberia Zimbabwe

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50 Challenges Genocide: Hutus vs. Tutsis in Rwanda (1994) 800,000 killed in 100 days

51 South Africa Apartheid gov t segregation Nelson Mandela (ANC leader) imprisoned in 1962 released in 1990 Movement led by Bishop Desmond Tutu 1993: full suffrage elections Mandela elected President

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71 Egypt Nasser Actions: Took Suez Canal Britain, France, and Israel Reaction: attacked (Suez War of 1956) US and USSR reaction: made them stop

72 Egypt Pan-Arabism Idea: Arab unity First step: united with Syria to form United Arab Republic Would have strength from OIL Oil nations never join Outcome: Syria eventually withdraws from union

73 Israel & Palestine Background after WWII Most of Middle East independent and mostly Muslim Holocaust made people look to give Jews a homeland 1948 = Palestine divided into a Jewish and Arab state Arab reaction: several countries invaded and refused to recognize Israel.

74 Israel & Palestine Arab Israeli Dispute Problem: Egypt stopped Israel from using Gulf of Aqaba Reaction from Israel: attacks Egypt and others (aka: Six Day War) Takes Sinai Peninsula Took area of West Bank and Golan Heights

75 Israel & Palestine Arab Israeli Dispute 1973 Egypt attacks Israel Outcome: UN forced ceasefire Other issue in area formation of OPEC Why? Control oil prices What did they do? Cut production and raised prices Impact oil shortages Led to: Camp David Accords Leaders: Sadat, Carter, and Begin Stated: ended war between Egypt and Israel

76 Israel & Palestine PLO formed What is it: Palestinian Liberation Organization Purpose: called for Palestine to be created Leader: Yasir Arafat

77 Israel & Palestine Al-Fatah What is it? Guerilla movement Leader Yasir Arafat Actions taken by both intifada uprising against Israel Outcome: PLO was given control of semi-independent area and they had to recognize Israel

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79 Iraq 1980 dispute with Iraq over boundaries Actions by Saddam- used children to clear minefields; used chemical weapons against minorities Outcome: cease-fire 1990 invaded Kuwait Outcome: UN attacked and pushed them out 2003 invaded by US and Coalition forces Outcome: Hussein captured 10 yrs later??

80 Afghanistan Background after WWII taken over by USSR US action: helped push USSR out Taliban takes control Problem: shelter to Bin Laden Outcome: UN ask for Bin Laden and when denied war is declared 10 yrs later??

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83 Deng Xiaoping Policy - four modernizations changes: foreign investors sent students to study abroad farming - allowed land to be leased and anything produced could be sold for profit make goods to sell problem: people wanted democracy outcome of demand: Tiananmen Square protest gov't response: sent in troops

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85 Society Changes brought to China by Communism women given equality family not as important as society Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution - children were expected to report on parents Today: more economic and religious freedoms still human rights violations

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87 India Division Hindus: India Muslims: Pakistan Sikhs: Punjab not independent assassinated PM Indira Gandhi (1984) conflict with Pakistan over Kashmir both nuclear powers

88 Southeast Asia Vietnam communism unified after Vietnam War Cambodia Khmer Rouge Philippines Ferdinand Marcos Corazon Aquino Terrorism East Timor Invaded 1974 by Indonesia Independence 2002

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90 The Japanese Miracle new constitution after WWII state capitalism active gov t efficiency zaibatsu society work ethic and family honor

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92 Asian Tigers South Korea struggle for democracy industrial growth large corporations Taiwan Republic of China concentrated on economic growth recent democracy Singapore British colony ships, oil refineries, electronics Hong Kong British rule until 1997 very high standard of living

93 Asian Tigers

94 Asian Tigers

95 Asian Tigers

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97 Shanghai, China