The Cold War ( )
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1 The Cold War ( )
2 Timeline USSR dissolves WWII Cold War Revolutions of 1989
3 What is it US vs. USSR state of tension nuclear arms race Space Race propaganda war fighting through client states
4
5 USSR / Soviet Union ( )
6 ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
7 Causes clash of ideologies: capitalism/democracy vs. communism power rivalry
8 Above: Capitalists of the world, unite!
9 No single start date 3 wartime conferences b/t GB, USSR, US Nov. 1943: Tehran Conference plan how to beat Germany Feb. 1945: Yalta Conference plan for postwar Germany USSR joins war vs. Japan E. Europe free elections, pro-russian July 1945: Potsdam Conference US demands free elections & USSR refuses
10 The Big Three: Churchill, FDR, Stalin (Yalta)
11 No single start date March 1946: Churchill s iron curtain speech March 1947: Truman Doctrine (containment) June 1947: Marshall Plan 1948: Berlin blockade/airlift
12 2 alliances: NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
13 The iron curtain
14 Marshall Plan
15 Postwar division of Germany
16 USSR
17 Major Soviet Leaders Lenin ( ) Stalin ( ) Khrushchev ( ) Brezhnev ( ) Gorbachev ( )
18 Stalin ( ) totalitarian central planning: 5 Year Plans collectivization propaganda censorship KGB gulag
19 Khrushchev ( ) de-stalinization 1956 Hungarian rev. Cold War: 1961 Bay of Pigs 1961 Berlin Wall 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
20 Brezhnev ( ) re-stalinization Prague Spring (1968) / Dubček Brezhnev Doctrine
21 Gorbachev ( ) end Cold War
22 Cult of the Leader: Lenin s Tomb
23 Lenin
24 Red Square
25 Military display in Red Square
26 May 9, 2008 Tanks roll into Red Square again V-E Day Celebration
27 Socialist Realism Boris Eremeevich Vladimirski, Roses for Stalin (1949)
28 Propaganda Poster Help build the gigantic factories Advertises state loan to finance 1 st Five Year Plan
29 Anti-Religion: Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan
30 Hammer & Sickle
31 Hammer & Sickle (Moscow Metro)
32 SHIFTS IN WESTERN EUROPE
33 1. Decolonization (& neocolonialism)
34 2. Politics postwar new leaders: Christian Democrats soc/com welfare state US 1950s-early 80s: welfare state = heavy gov t. spending 1980s conservatism: Reagan (US) Thatcher (GB) Kohl (W. Germany) Margaret Thatcher, British PM
35 3. Economics postwar rapid growth Why: Marshall Plan, gov t. stimulus, ppl. ready to work, consumer demand, Common Market 1970s-80s series of econ. crises early 70s: US$ plummeted in value global inflation oil shocks in 1973 (OPEC) & 1979 (Iranian Rev.)
36 Key Struggles of the Cold War
37 The Arms Race
38
39
40 Since liberated from the Japanese (1945), Korea split into north (supported by Soviets) and South (supported by US) of 38 th parallel With Stalin s approval, North invades South US intervened, sending American troops to aid south; Mao Zedong (leader of Communist China) sent own Chinese men to force troops back to south line In the end, 38 th parallel remained as boundary line between North and South
41
42 1957- Soviets launch Sputnik I, the first satellite (significance: US becomes fearful that communist reaching space first causes ideas that communism is good) 1959 Yuri Gagarin became first man in space 1961 JFK launches the race to the moon 1969 Apollo 11 reaches the moon first
43 Vietnam War (height, ) Life magazine Vol. 64, No. 10 in the 8 March 1968 issue. A photo from the Tet Offensive.
44 Détente (1970s) relaxation of cold war tensions Willy Brandt s Ostpolitik (W. German reconciliation w/ E. Europe) 1975 Final Act of the Helsinki Conference reaffirm Euro. borders human rights
45 Détente ends (late 70s-mid 80s) Brezhnev ignored Helsinki human rights Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) Reagan calls USSR the evil empire Reagan defense spending SDI = Star Wars Program
46 COLD WAR ENDS,
47 Gorbachev s Reforms 1.) perestroika (econ. restructuring ) 2.) glasnost ( openness ) 3. democratization 4. new foreign policy: relax E-W tensions Soviet leader,
48 Revolutions of 1989 Poland - Pope JPII Hungary E. Germany Berlin Wall falls Czechoslovakia Velvet Revolution Romania only violent rev.
49 German Reunification (1990) E. Germans wanted better life Gorby agreed Germany pledged peaceful intent + loans to USSR
50 Further cooling of E-W. tensions Paris Accord (1990): Europe, US, USSR military reduction affirmation of existing Euro. borders additional US-USSR agreements to reduce nuclear arms Gorbachev & Reagan sign an arms reduction treaty in 1987.
51 Collapse of the USSR (1991) Gorby wanted to reform communism & keep the USSR, which pleased no one: hardline communists democrats (led by Yeltsin) Who won? Boris Yeltsin, Russian pres
52 Collapse of the USSR (1991)
53
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