Richard Millhouse Nixon Years 37th President of the United States from 1969 to 1974

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1 Name Period Richard Millhouse Nixon Years 37th President of the United States from 1969 to 1974 Successes of Nixon s Presidency Improved relations with Eased tension with the Reduced the number of weapons through the SALT Treaty China In 1960, the People's Republic of China publicly split from the Soviet Union. Nixon decided to the between China and the Soviet Union to shift the balance of power towards the West in the Cold War. In February 1972 Nixon went to China to have direct talks with. Fearing the possibility of a -American alliance, the Soviet Union became easier to get along with. The scandal that ended a presidency Watergate The Watergate scandal involved the administration s attempt to cover up a of the Democratic National Committee headquarters. Bungled Burglary June 17, 1972, a guard at the Watergate complex in Washington caught five men breaking into the campaign headquarters. The leader was James McCord, a former agent.

2 Nixon s re-election committee was trying to get campaign from the Democrats. They got caught! Nixon knowing anything about it. President s Men H. R. Haldeman, Chief of Staff John Ehrlickman, Chief Domestic Advisor John N. Mitchell, Attorney General John W. Dean III, Presidential Counsel Cover-up The Committee to Re-Elect the President passed out nearly to the burglars to buy their after they were indicted in September of Senate Investigates The possible involvement in the burglary aroused public interest. Nixon went on and denied any attempt at a cover-up. Startling Testimony A White House aide announced that Nixon had all conversations in the White House for his memoirs. The Senate committee asked for the tapes and a year long battle for the Nixon followed. Fall of a President Nixon to release his tapes. July 24, 1974, the ruled unanimously that the president must surrender the tapes. Impeachment proceedings At a press conference in November 1973 Nixon proclaimed I am not a. The Judiciary Committee determined that there was enough evidence to Richard Nixon

3 Nixon Resigns August 8, 1974, before the full House voted on his impeachment Nixon announced his Effects of Watergate 25 members of Nixon's administration were and served prison terms. A general about public offices still exists today Ford Becomes President Ford became President upon Richard Nixon's on August 9, Ford Pardons Nixon Ford granted a presidential to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. Ford lost many Americans when he pardoned Nixon Ford was by Jimmy in the next presidential election. He served a term than any other President Jimmy Carter 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 Oil Crisis OPEC cut exports Prices went (inflation) shortages caused businesses and schools to close Arab-Israeli Conflicts 1947 United heard arguments concerning Jewish and claims to.

4 UN recommended dividing Palestine into states one and one Jewish state of is established British troops Palestine. Forces from Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Transjordan Israel. At the end of the 1948 war, Israel holds its own land plus of the territory assigned to the Arabs. Many Arabs to escape Israeli rule PLO Palestinian Liberation Organization PLO Palestinian Organization formed in Led by Yassar Called for the of Israel and the of a Palestinian state. Conflicts Between Israel and Arab World June Day War Israel occupies the Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, and West Bank of the Jordan River PLO guerillas seized and killed Israeli at the Games in Munich. Israel by attacking PLO bases. Camp David Peace Accords Carter worked hard to establish in the Middle East by inviting the leaders of and to the Presidential retreat for talks and agreed to the Camp Accords (Carter refused to let them until an agreement had been reached.) The Hostage Crisis in Iran On November 4, 1979, Iranian militants stormed the United States in Tehran and took approximately Americans.

5 This terrorist act triggered a crisis for President Jimmy and the American people that lasted days. President Carter committed himself to the safe of the. Hostages return to the United States President Carter's patient brought for the hostages. Ronald Reagan 40th President of the United States ( ) Regan and the Soviet Union The administration adopted a hard-line stance toward the. Early in his first term, the president attacked the Soviet Union calling it the " empire. Star Wars Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a multibillion dollar research project for a missile system. The (SDI) was born out of the U.S.-Soviet relations of the Reagan era. It was called " ". The Fall of Communism The U.S.S.R. could not afford to with Star Wars because Soviet was suffering severe problems. Although Star Wars was never built, it helped to bring about the of the Soviet Empire. Iran-Contra Affair The Iran-Contra Affair was a mid-1980s political in the United States, under the administration of President Ronald. This scandal uncovered information that the United States was providing to Nicaraguan Contra.

6 These funds came from profits of weapons sales to. It was for the Defense Department to provide aid to the contras between 1983 and The Reagan administration used the National Council, an agency not covered under this law, to get around the restriction and provided funding to the In early November, 1986, the scandal broke. The operation was discovered after an of guns was downed over Nicaragua. This operation was directed by John Poindexter and Marine Lt. Col. Oliver. John resigned and Oliver North was. Joint were held to investigate this affair. North said he believed and Vice-president George Sr. were aware of the arrangements, but both claimed to have been uninformed about the details of this affair. No evidence was found to link them to any. Fall of Communism, instigated political and economic changes, and cultivatied relationships and trade with the West. Gorbachev Soviet Communist Chief in Perestroika and Glasnost USSR Perestroika reforms to allow more freedom Glasnost- This lifted all restrictions on freedom of and self-expression., Revealed the and of the Soviet government.

7 The Collapse of the Soviet Union The ability to express opinions without the fear of brought demands from many of the minority groups in the USSR for freedom. It involved all Soviet counties Resulted in the of the Soviet Union in 1991 Berlin Wall Built in August 1961 to try to stop people from Berlin and East Germany from into Berlin. Lasted from Countries involved: and East Germany versus and West Germany. A few months after that speech went up, the U.S. government informed the Soviet government that it accepted the Wall as "a fact of international life" and would not challenge it by. The German government claimed that the Wall was an "antifascist protection barrier", despite the fact that all of the wall's defenses pointed to German territory. The Western view was that the Wall was a means of the citizens of East Germany from entering Berlin. The Wall Falls November, 1989 East Germans hold huge demonstrations against Soviet backed government. East Berliners riot and begin to tear down Berlin East Germany October, 1990 East and West Germany become one country again called The Soviet Union Disintegrates Czechoslovakia 1989 Huge peaceful demonstrations, leaders resign, president is elected Separated into two countries: Republic and

8 Poland Workers and demanded bread and liberty, Soviets appoint a new person to rule Riots due to shortages of and, Polish workers form a labor union called solidarity which is outlawed by the Soviets law declared, Solidarity leaders sent to prison Military dictatorship 1989 Solidarity legalized 1990 Lech Walesa, leader of Solidarity elected President. Hungary 1956 Anti-Soviet groups rebel and demand that all Soviet troops withdraw from Hungary. USSR sends in troops and tanks and crushes the rebellion. Soviet chose Duna Kör Janos Vargha to rule New president is elected Albania 1991 government falls apart Romania 1989 Communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu is arrested. Four days later he and his wife are shot to death. Yugoslavia On January 31, 1946 the new constitution of Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, modeling the Soviet Union, established six constituent republics: Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia two autonomous provinces Vojvodina, 1991 Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia became independent countries.

9 1992 War broke out in Bosnia between the, Serbs, and and in Kosovo The United Nations sent in troops to stop the. In 2000 Slobodan Milošević, was accused of ethnic cleansing and replaced by a more democratic leader. The Balkan region is still today. George Herbert Walker Bush Sr. 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Gulf War Saddam Hussein ruthlessly took power in in On 02 August 1990 he launched an of Kuwait. Saddam s attack was led by his elite Republican Guard. The Special Forces division utilized helicopters and boats and assaulted Kuwait City directly. The United Nations imposed economic against Iraq and set a date for its from Kuwait. When Iraq failed to withdrawal; Desert Shield became Desert and eventually the Persian War. On February the Allied Forces moved to Kuwait. After weeks of bombing the Iraqis were surrounded by Allied troops. Kuwait was in only. To prevent Iraq from launching another war, stiff on oil and other goods continued. United Nations were sent to to make sure no weapons of destruction were being produced. The Gulf War was perhaps the most war in History, at least when considering the in American lives. It proved that U.S. and U.S. was a potent force when applied to the stage. Bush Not Reelected George H. W. Bush was very during the Persian Gulf War.

10 President George H. Bush was defeated by Bill Clinton in the next election because the of the country was not doing well. William Jefferson Clinton 42 President of the United States from 1993 to William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton became president at the end of the Cold War. Clinton presided over the longest period of peace-time economic expansion in American history, which included a balanced and a reported federal came into effect during his presidency. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is a agreement between United States, Canada, and Mexico that allows trade among the countries without tariffs. The goal of NAFTA is to improve the economies of all countries involved Effects of NAFTA Some Americans don t like NAFTA because of the we have lost to Mexico. The wages there are and safety and environmental are so so many companies have chosen to relocate to Mexico in order to globally. Effects of NAFT 1.3 million jobs have been lost in due to NAFTA. Before NAFTA many small farmers were producing. The U.S. farmer produces it. The Mexican farmer can not. Immigration from Mexico has increased Self employed farmers went from making an average of 1,959 pesos before NAFTA to pesos after NAFTA In desperation a great number of men emigrated to the in search of better jobs.

11 Clinton is Impeached! In his second term he was by the U.S. House for and obstruction of justice He was by the United States Senate and completed his term. George Walker Bush Jr. 43rd President of the United States of America from George W. Bush s Election In the election of 2000, between Al Gore and George W. Bush the vote was won by Gore but Bush won in the college. George W. Bush - Al Gore Election 2000 Popular Vote Bush 50,456,002 Gore 50,999,897 Electoral College Bush 271 Gore 266 Terrorism (9/11) September 11, 2001 Attacks on the World Center and Effects of 9/11 War in Creation of the of Homeland Security Aviation and Transportation Act USA Act War on Terror September 20, 2001 President Bush declared a War on October 7, 2001 United States military attacked on the and Taliban in Afghanistan

12 United States Department of Homeland Security The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a department of the Federal Government of the United States. DHS s responsibility is the territory of the United States from attack and responding to disasters. and Transportation Act November 2001 the and Transportation Act made airport security the responsibility of the Government. Afghanistan War On October 7, 2001, the U.S. and Australian forces initiated campaigns in Afghanistan. The main goals of the war were to: defeat the drive out of Afghanistan, key al Qaeda Efforts to kill or capture al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden have thus far. Iraq War Bush said Iraq was allied with terrorists and posed "a grave and growing danger" to U.S. interests through possession of " of destruction In late 2002 and early 2003, Bush urged the United Nations to enforce Iraqi mandates. The invasion of Iraq began on March 20, 2003 The Iraqi was quickly defeated. The capital, Baghdad, fell on April 9, On May 1,, Bush declared the of major combat operations in Iraq. Iraq War Iraqi and a referendum to approve a were held in January and December On January 10, 2007 Bush addressed the U.S. about the situation in Iraq. In his speech he announced: the surge of 21,500 for Iraq a job program for Iraqis more reconstruction proposals U.S. for these programs.

13 Obama & The War in Iraq In a speech February 27, 2009, Obama made it clear that the war will be over in 18 months or by August 31, He said Iraq s future is now its own. World Trade (WTO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) Red Cross and Red Cresent European Union World Trade Organization (WTO) The WTO is an, organization, which sets the rules for global and resolves between its members. Its headquarters is in Geneva,. The WTO has 150 members. International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Fund (IMF) is the international organization that oversees the global system: monitoring exchange and balance of payments offers and assistance when asked. Primary Mission of the IMF provide assistance to countries that experience serious financial difficulties. Member states with balance of payments problems may request and/or organizational management of their economies. The IMF describes itself as "an organization of countries, working to foster: global cooperation, secure financial, facilitate international, promote high employment sustainable economic growth, ". With the exception of North Korea,, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Monaco, Tuvalu and Nauru all UN member states either participate directly in the IMF or are represented by other member states.

14 Common Market-Western Europe Also called the Economic Community (EEC). Formed in 1957 to stretch the limited, materials, and of Western Europe. Ended tariffs ( ) on goods brought into each member country. Thirteen of the EU countries have joined together to use a single currency, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies- The International Federation of Red and Red Crescent Societies is the world's largest organization: providing assistance without discrimination as to nationality,, religious beliefs, or political opinions.

CHAPTER 29 & 30. Mr. Muller - APUSH

CHAPTER 29 & 30. Mr. Muller - APUSH CHAPTER 29 & 30 Mr. Muller - APUSH WATERGATE What happened: An illegal break-in to wiretap phones on the Democratic Party headquarters with electronic surveillance equipment. Where: Watergate Towers,