Describe the difference between Global North and Global South

Transcription

1 The World Today

2 Describe the difference between Global North and Global South The difference is the wealth in the two. Global North includes North American, Western Europe, Japan and Australia which has high standards of living, high literacy rates.

3 Global South includes Latin America, Africa and Asia which are developing and very poor.

4 How each of the following hindered development in the South

5 Geography Lack of rainfall, fertile land and natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis).

6 Population Growth High birthrates and better medical care has led to overpopulation which means lack of food, housing, jobs and medical care. Population growth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

7 Past Economic Problems After new independence, they developed socialist governments which created economic problems.

8 Economic Dependence, Debt and Trade Deficits Relied on farming which led to not enough industry in their countries leading to a trade deficit. Then, because of economic problems they borrowed money from foreign banks they cant pay back.

9 Political Instability Government spent money on war rather than on food leaving people to leave and becoming refugees. List of dictators - Conservapedia

10 Case Studies that show obstacles to development: Congo: 1960s: Civil War with 200 different ethnic groups fighting for power. 1965: Dictator took over, left the country in ruins economically with a brutal dictator. Difficult to modernize. Ethnic groups in Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

11 Tanzania 1 st President created a Command Economy in which the government makes all decisions. Had a 1 party democracy and collective farming. People resisted and high oil prices, inflation and oversized bureaucracy broke the country.

12 Brazil Under military rule from the 1960s to the 1980s. The Amazon Rain Forest was exploited. While the upper and middle class got rich, workers stayed poor.

13 What is economic interdependence? The world relies on each other for everything and when something happens economically in one area it affects all areas.

14 Describe how each of the following effects global interdependence.

15 Dependence on oil Oil prices effect economies all over the world. When prices go up, less money to spend.

16 Global Banking and Financial Markets Many foreign banks made international loans. As one nation couldn t pay it back it affected the rest of the world. Also, when one financial institution struggled, it affected them all.

17 Multinational Corporations Businesses that operate in many countries. EXS) Coca-Cola, McDonalds, Nike.

18 Regional Cooperation Nations that are in a region that have linked their economies together. EX) NAFTA and the European Union Map of Europe - Member States of the European Union - Nations Online Project

19 International Drug Trade Attempts by countries working together to eliminate the drug trade and cartels.

20 How has economic decision making become more global as national economies around the world become increasingly interdependent? Greater cooperation among nations in banking and trade.

21 Describe 3 policies that could help developing countries achieve greater economic prosperity. 1. Population Growth control. 2. Cut Trade deficits. 3. Lower their debt. 4. Stop instability in government

22 Conflicts and Peace Efforts

23 The United Nations Year Established: 1945 (end of WWII) Goals: To promote global peace and security as well as economic and social well being.

24 Main bodies of the UN and their function: 1. General Assembly: Discuss issues and recommend actions. Reps from all member nations. 2. Security Council: Authorize military and economic actions to settle disputes. 3. Secretariat: Responsible for administration of UN. 4. Economic and Social Council: Promotes human rights, works for improved economic, social and health conditions. 5. International Court Justice: Rules of international legal disputes.

25 3 activities carried out by the UN: 1. Peacekeeping. 2. Human Rights protection. 3. Disaster Relief.

26 Where has the UN been active in peacekeeping? 1. Iraq: After Iraq invaded Kuwait and the US and others drove them out. 2. Haiti: In the 1990s, after the leader was ousted by a military coup and the UN helped to restore him. Also, after the earthquake, helped to keep order and rebuild. 3. Bosnia: After Yugoslavia broke up in the 1990s maintained peace.

27 List 3 reasons why terrorists use Terrorism: 1. To gain revenge. 2. To gain political goals. 3. To spread terror. 4. Because they don t have their own military power.

28 How does the world attempt to counter terrorism? Countries will work together, share money, weapons and people to share information.

29 Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in the following areas:

30 Northern Ireland Ireland won independence in 1922 from Britain, but Britain kept control of 6 northern counties which is mostly protestant. IRA is a Catholic group whose goal was to drive the British from Northern Ireland. Used terrorist activity to get it done. About.com: org/wiki/northern_ireland

31 Ukraine & Russia 19th Century Russia believed it was placed to unify humanity, sitting between the Catholic West and the non-christian East Kiev, Ukraine, was the birthplace of Russian orthodoxy The danger now is that religious nationalism could make it very hard for Russia to stop their pursuit to annex Ukrain

32 South Asia India s Hindu majority discriminated against the Muslims and Sikh s. Southeast Asia In Indonesia, it is mostly Muslim and East Timor has demanded independence and is Catholic. This led to Muslims attacking and trying to make an Islamic government

33 International Hot Spots

34 Northern Ireland Ireland won independence in 1922 from Britain, but Britain kept control of 6 northern counties which is mostly protestant. IRA is a Catholic group whose goal was to drive the British from Northern Ireland. Used terrorist activity to get it done. About.com: org/wiki/northern_ireland

35 Spain & Basque Basque separatist group used violence, robbery and terrorism since the 1950s to obtain a separate homeland In 2011 they ended violence to work within Spain s democratic political system

36 China & Tibet 1951 China invaded Tibet, promising autonomy 1959 Tibetan rebels caused Chinese to react, resulting in forced culture on Tibet and land collectivization Dalai Lama fled to India Protests against China flared in 2008, causing more tensions

37 The Balkans After the fall of Communism, Yugoslavia, which was made up of many religious groups, broke apart into many different countries. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs tried to get rid of all non Serbs, led by a leader named Slobodan Milosevic. Then, in Kosovo, Milosevic went in and attempted to get rid of all of the Muslims, and ethnic cleansing. Led to NATO going in to protect the Serbs.

38 The Kurds They are Sunni Muslims, not Arabs. Experienced harsh treatment in Turkey and Iraq, Saddam poison gassed them. They have been trying to create their own independent state since the 1920s.

39 North Korea & South Korea N. Korea: Still communist dictatorship, suffers isolation and economic hardships 2006 became nuclear power S. Korea: strong global economy Fear is that N. Korea will use nuclear weapons to unite the two countries

40 Israel & Neighbors The roots of the modern Arab Israeli conflict are bound in the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century Territory regarded by the Jewish people as their historical homeland is also regarded by the Pan-Arab movement as historically and currently belonging to the Palestinians

41 India and Pakistan Fight over Kashmir with both of them being nuclear powers.

42 Social Patterns & Political Change Section 3

43 Japan Individuals kept strong sense of responsibility to family. Personal desires matter very little. There is a weakening work ethic.

44 Middle East Saudi Arabia: Disagreement over women s place in society and many don t like western influence. Egypt: Muslim reformers call for a return to Islamic law. Afghanistan: Taliban leaders have pushed for Islamic law and strict laws on the people and women.

45 Arab Spring Tunisia: Elected moderate Islamic gov t Egypt: Influenced uprisings in other countries, protests planned using internet & social media Libya: Military against protesters led to bombing by western countries Syria: Religion division between majority and those in power, supported by Russia, violence against demonstrators, refugees fleeing country Yemen: Poorest Arab country, division between north and south, South Yemen in home to a branch of Al Qaeda

46 Causes of overpopulation: 1. Religious Beliefs: Essential to bring children into world. 2. Cultural: Large families to provide for parents in old age. 3. Economic: Help support the family economically. 4. Lack of Knowledge: lack of information on how and why to not have kids.

47 Causes of Urbanization 1. People looking for jobs and escape poverty. 2. Cities also offer better health care, educational opportunities, stores and modern conveniences biggest-cities

48 Problems of Overpopulation 1. Traditional values are weakened. 2. Many people cant afford to live in cities. 3. Crowded conditions.

49 How are developing nations attempting to overcome the negative aspects of overpopulation and urbanization? 1. Provide education. 2. Relief agencies. 3. Health care.

50 In general, how has the status of women changed in the 1900s? What rights have they gained? A. They have gained more rights. B. Right to vote, right to work.

51 What are the causes of Global Migration? 1. Better economic opportunities. 2. Freedom from repressive governments.

52 Science & Technology

53 Food Production: Irrigation Machinery Fertilizers and Pesticides New grains and livestock

54 Information Age Cell Phones, Internet, and Tablets: Allows people to communicate and do business more rapidly than ever before and do it all over the world Allows people easier access to information

55 Space Age Jobs require more education Satellites for communication, weather forecasting, and navigation

56 Medical Technology 1. Antibiotics 2. Vaccines 3. Transplants 4. Laser Surgery

57 Pollution Caused by factories and automobiles. Can cause respiratory disease, pollutes water, leads to disease.

58 Acid Rain Caused by burning of fossil fuels Damages forests, lakes, and farmland

59 Ozone Depletion Caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) & other chemical pollutants Exposure to solar radiation will result in skin cancer and eye disease

60 Global Warming Caused by warm air being trapped in the lower atmosphere, causing the rise in temperature (greenhouse effect) Could lead to impact on agriculture, cause coastal flooding, extinction of plants and animals

61 Deforestation Caused by development as nations harvest lumber or clear land for crops, cattle, or build homes. World is losing more than 50 million acres of tropical forest each year. Has impacted weather patterns, built up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, soil erosion, extension of certain plants and animals

62 Endangered Species Caused by deforestation, clearing of land, damming of waterways, pollution Will impact ecosystems and resources for food and medicines may disappear

63 Natural Disasters Caused by movement of the earth, warm weather & extreme weather Impact on agriculture, food supplies, economy, human loss & suffering, destruction and rebuilding

64 Nuclear Proliferation Use of nuclear energy spreading. Caused by cheap energy and countries wanting to protect themselves Effects include accidents and waste disposal