Domestic policy WWI. Foreign Policy. Balance of Power

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1 Domestic policy WWI The decisions made by a government regarding issues that occur within the country. Healthcare, education, Social Security are examples of domestic policy issues. Foreign Policy Caused by alliances, imperialism, militarism, and nationalism, the War to End All War was sparked with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. Fought from 1914 to 1918 between the Allies, notably Britain, France, Russia, Italy & the US and the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. The Allies won, Germany was blamed and expected to pay reparation (pay for the war). Balance of Power A government's strategy in dealing with other nations. Dealing with ISIS, trade deals with China, UN treaties on climate change are examples of foreign policy issues. theory in international relations suggests that national security is enhanced when military capability is distributed so that no one state is strong enough to dominate all others.

2 Isolationism suppression of opposition to the leader. (Example Hitler) appeasement the policy of isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., Fascism The policy of making concessions to dictatorial powers in order to avoid conflict. In the 1930s, Europe watched Hitler become more and more powerful. Instead of stopping him they appeased him to avoid war. a political philosophy that places the nation and often race above the individual. Fascist have a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social structures, and forcible

3 WWII Holocaust A war fought from 1939 to 1945 between the Axis powers Germany, Italy, and Japan and the Allies, including France and Britain, and later the Soviet Union and the United States. It began with Hitler s invasion of its neighbor Poland. The US entered the war in 1941 after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and killed 2403 Americans Nazi Germany and Hitler s systematic plan of genocide. It is estimated that 11 million people were killed during the Holocaust. Six million of these were Jews, two-thirds of all the Jewish population of Europe. Hiroshima & Nagasaki On August 6, 1945, Hiroshima was almost completely destroyed by the first atomic bomb ever dropped on a populated area. Followed by the bombing of Nagasaki, on August 9, this show of Allied strength and sped up the surrender of Japan in World War II.

4 United Nations Cold War An international organization formed in 1945 at the end of WWII to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries. The organization works on economic and social development programs, improving human rights and reducing global conflicts. NATO /Warsaw Pact The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the US & our allies and the USSR and its allies. Due to MAD (mutually assured destruction) the two Super Powers never fought each other directly but supported the spread of democracy & communism indirectly. It ended with the fall of the Soviet Union in In 1949, the prospect of further Communist expansion prompted the United States and 11 other Western nations to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Soviet Union and its affiliated Communist nations in Eastern Europe founded a rival alliance, the Warsaw Pact, in 1955.

5 Iron Curtain Korean War Taken from a speech by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill where he condemned the Soviet Union s policies in Europe. The Iron Curtain is a symbol of Soviet tyranny and their control over their people and those of their allies. Domino Theory / Containment Fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist North Korea, supported by Communist China. The war began in 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea. The communist were pushed out of South Korea, but till today the Korean peninsula is divided between democracy and communism. The domino theory was part of American foreign policy from the 1950s to the 1980s, that speculated that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect. This led to the idea of containment keeping communism from spreading.

6 Bay of Pigs Invasion Vietnam The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April Our purpose was to remove the communist under Fidel Castro from control of Cuba. Cold War conflict pitting the U.S. and the remnants of the French colonial government in South Vietnam against the communist North Vietnamese led by Ho Chi Minh. War Powers Act Cuban Missile Crisis A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the hottest periods of the cold war. US law passed in 1973 which allows Congress to limit the President's use of military forces. It states that the President must tell Congress within 48 hours if they sends armed forces anywhere, and Congress must give approval for them to stay there for more than 90 days.

7 Iran Hostage Crisis Afghanistan 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days (November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981) after a group of Iranian students who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. Operation Enduring Freedom, after the 9/11 terrorist attack by Al Qaeda the US invaded Afghanistan pushing the Taliban out of control and searching for Osama bin Laden Operation Iraqi Freedom Desert Storm Military operation in which international armed forces, including British and US troops, attacked Iraq in the Gulf War. It began on 16 January 1991 and lasted 100 days. The objective was to force Saddam Hussein s troops out of Kuwait after they had invaded. Launched on March 20, The goal, as stated by the Bush Administration, was to remove the Saddam Hussein, and destroy Iraq s ability to use weapons of mass destruction.

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