1 Run Up To WWII 2 Legacies of WWI Isolationism: US isolated themselves from world affairs during 1920s & 1930s Disarmament: US tried to reduce size

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1 1 Run Up To WWII 2 Legacies of WWI Isolationism: US isolated themselves from world affairs during 1920s & 1930s Disarmament: US tried to reduce size of militaries throughout world -- did NOT work Kellog-Brand Pact: 62 countries signed... outlawed war as an instrument of national policy Wilson s 14 Points: Unsuccessful effort to create world organization to prevent wars & promote peace Treaty of Versailles: Led to Germany paying off ALL war debts & taking sole responsibility for WWI... led to rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany 3 Good Neighbor Policy US eased political & military presence in Latin America US increased economic presence in Latin America Many nations resented US Big Business, began to nationalize industries After Great Depression

2 After Great Depression caudillos took control in Latin America (DR, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras) Caudillos: Military dictatorships... supported by US b/c of Big Business interests in countries 4 Dictatorships in Europe Fascism: Military dominated gov t controls all aspects of society Benito Mussolini & Blackshirt forces took power in Italy Supported by ultranationalists & businessmen who opposed Socialists & Communists Invaded Ethiopia... US provided no support for Ethiopia due to Isolationism... Fascist countries now believed aggression would go unpunished Limited Freedom of Speech, arrested political enemies, restriced voting rights

3 5 6 Limited Freedom of Speech, arrested political enemies, restriced voting rights Fascism: Adolf Hitler & Brownshirt forces created National Socialist Party (Nazi Party)... called gov t The Third Reich (The Third Empire) Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews = Official German gov t policy Kristallnacht: the night of broken glass = Nazi Brownshirts burned synagogues & Jewish businesses Banned Jews & Non-Nazis from holding political office, outlawed labor strikes & made military service mandatory Fascism: General Francisco Franco led Fascists during Spanish Civil War between Fascists & Loyalists

4 6 7 Banned Jews & Non-Nazis from holding political office, outlawed labor strikes & made military service mandatory Fascism: General Francisco Franco led Fascists during Spanish Civil War between Fascists & Loyalists Germany & Italy aided Fascists... Russia aided Loyalists... US did not partake in conflict Popular Front: 3,000 American citizens who fought against Fascism with the Spanish Loyalists 1939 Francisco Franco took over Spain & created a Fascist gov t Totalitarianism: Government has complete control over a nation Joseph Stalin created Totalitarian Communist gov t in USSR (Russia/Soviet Union) Silenced political enemies, took

5 Totalitarianism: Government has complete control over a nation Joseph Stalin created Totalitarian Communist gov t in USSR (Russia/Soviet Union) Silenced political enemies, took control of private lands, created state run farms, limited food production & created widespread famines, 30 million people died due to Stalin s policies 8 War Breaks Out Axis Powers: Germany, Italy & Japan Allied Powers: Britain, France & Soviet Union Allies believed in appeasement giving Fascist countries what they want to avoid WAR US signed Lend-Lease Act aid Allied Powers in $ $ & supplies Atlantic Charter: Agreement between US & GB... agreed on 1) no future expansion, 2) all nations have self-

6 Atlantic Charter: Agreement between US & GB... agreed on 1) no future expansion, 2) all nations have selfdetermination, 3) freedom of international trade, 4) after war aggressors will be disarmed 9 Blitzkrieg: German lightning war against Poland Germany occupied Belgium, Denmark, Northern France, Luxembourg, Netherlands & Norway French, British & Belgian troops protected Paris from being invaded by German army 10 Adolf Hitler 11 Benito Mussolini 12 Joseph Stalin 13 Francisco Franco 14 FDR 15 Winston Churchill 16 War Of The Worlds Radio Hoax by Orson Welles in 1938 Many American citizens believed the radio hoax Widespread panic ensued... people fled

7 Many American citizens believed the radio hoax Widespread panic ensued... people fled their homes & prepared to battle the Space Invaders 17 Attack on Pearl Harbor & FDR s Speech 18 Hideki Tojo 19 Dictatorships in Asia Militarism: Military dominates political & social life of the nation... strength of military = strength of nation End reliance on Imports, influence of Western nations & promote Japanese expansion throughout East Asia & Pacific 1934 & 1935 Japan built up Navy & Army 1937 Japan invaded & occupied Northern China 1941 Japan occupied French Indochina December 7th, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii <-- a date which will live in infamy - FDR 20 War Of The Worlds Do you believe that American citizen s

8 20 War Of The Worlds Do you believe that American citizen s response to War Of The Worlds was an acceptable reaction based on everything that was happening throughout the world during this time period? 21 STUDY QUIZ TOMORROW!!!!!