Chapter 2 Economy & Development

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 Economy & Development

2 Chapter 2 Economy & Development Section 4: The Contemporary Period (1867-PRESENT) Part 5: The economy from & 1980 into the 21 st century

3 The Period of THE QUIET REVOLUTION In 1960 Quebec Liberals win the Quebec election lead by JEAN LESAGE The Liberals wanted to modernize Quebec Catch up with the rest of the rest of Canada / 1 st world countries around the world The previous government (Union Nationale) lead by Maurice Duplessis Catered to Large companies that exploited Quebec s natural resources Used the police force to disrupt unions Did not look to the future no progression in the economy/society Lesage giving a speech- early 1960s

4 The Period of The Quiet Revolution was a time in Quebec where Quebec asserted itself language, culture and economy The STATE and the people wanted to take control of the economy in Quebec lessen the amount of foreign companies exploiting natural resources ECONOMIC NATIONALISM When the government gets involved in the economy GOVERNEMENT INTERVENTION STATE = another word for government ECONOMIC NATIONALISM = government taking control of sectors of the economy

5 The Period of The goals of ECONOMIC INTERVENTIONISM/NATIONALISM: Create companies that the government controls and profits from Promote Quebec businesses/multinational corporations by investing in them ($$$) Educating the population affordable/accessible education for the public Promote investment in Quebec by people/companies Create a road transportation network to benefit people/corporations Modernize Quebec society Create energy infrastructure for Quebec so it is not dependent od private energy corporations

6 The Period of Steps the STATE (Quebec Government) took to intervene in the economy: 1962 Société Générale de Financement (SGF) a government organization to help promote new businesses in Quebec 1962 Hydro Quebec was officially nationalized across Quebec Modernize/expand the road network in Quebec (highways) transportation of natural resources and manufactured goods within Quebec & easier for individuals to travel within Quebec Throughout the 1960s many infrastructure/engineering projects were started/completed (highways, tunnels, metro system in Montreal, buildings, etc.) 1965 Sidérurgie d Etat du Québec (SIDBEC) government organization to promote the steel industry in Quebec

7 The Period of Hydro Quebec In the early 1960s The Quebec government bought all the privately owned hydro companies they all became part of Hydro Quebec Quebec had NATIONALIZED hydroelectricity Maitres Chez Nous NATIONALIZED = government was in full control they were the only one that could produce and distribute electricity Hydro Quebec = CROWN CORPORATION = a company owned by the government Yo! This #%$@ hurts!!! I told you not to grab onto lightning!! Liberal Party of Quebec poster promoting the nationalization of hydroelectricity

8 The Period of Hydro Quebec One of the first project undertaken by the Quebec government: Manic 5 power station in Manicougan Reservoir, Quebec Later to be named the Daniel Johnston Dam Construction was completed in 1970 Manic 5 Power station (dam) in 1969

9 The Period of Top Left: Map of the location of the Daniel Johnston dam Top Right: Arial photo of the Daniel Johnston Dam Bottom Right: Nighttime photo of the construction of the Daniel Johnston Dam in 1976

10 The Period of The Quebec Government increased the construction of roads, tunnels and bridges during the 1960s and into the 1970s Factories were no longer found within cities they were found just outside cities In order to connect factories/manufacturing sites with cities in Quebec more transportation (roads) infrastructure was needed Decarie Autoroute Replaced Decarie Boulevard Finished in 1968

11 The Period of LEFT: Decarie Boulevard (1961) RIGHT: Decarie Autoroute (1968)

12 The Period of St. Charles Boulevard and the development of Highway 40 (Transcanada Highway) early to mid 1960s

13 The Period of Sources Boulevard looking South & Highway 40 (Transcanada highway) Early to mid 1960s

14 The Period of Fairview shopping center with Highway 40 (Transcanada highway) in the background mid to late 1960s

15 The Period of I dare you to jump into that fountain Fairview Pointe Claire (August 12, 1965) LEFT: advertisement for the grand opening of Fairview Point Claire RIGHT: Inside Fairview Pointe Claire- mid to late 1960s

16 The Period of The Louis Hippolyte- Lafontaine Tunnel Started in 1963 and completed in 1967 Connection between the Island of Montreal on the South Shore Easier for cars and transport trucks to access the Island of Montreal Top Right: the LHL Tunnel approx Bottom Right: the LHL Tunnel approx. 2010

17 The Period of I can t wait to get home and eat some of that sweet, sweet corn. Montreal s Metro system was inaugurated on October 14 th, 1966: 3 lines 26 stations Several additions have been made There are now 4 lines and 73 stations All 3 photographs were taken in 1966 I can see a woman picking her nose on security camera 4!

18 The Period of Steps the STATE (Quebec Government) took to intervene in the economy: 1965 Société Québécoise d Exploitation Minière (SOQUEM) government organization to promote government acquisition of mines/mining in Quebec 1965 The Caisse de Dépôt et Placement du Québec Government owned company that used public workers pensions to invest in Quebec owned & operated businesses to help the economy grow and make a profit at the same time one of the largest investors in Canada 1967/1968 CEGEP system founded and the establishment of the Université du Québec providing the population with affordable education beyond high school

19 The Period of CEGEP system Started in 1968 Many CEGEPs throughout the province Higher education beyond high school affordable/accessible No more grade 12 3 years of university Top Right: CEGEP de Joliette open in 1968 Bottom Right: John Abbott College opened in

20 The Period of Additional steps the STATE (Quebec Government) took to intervene in the economy: Throughout the 1960s: Increased number of Quebec Government workers Support for new jobs the Quebec government sought out corporations to bring head offices to Quebec (lower taxes for corporations) A government office to help promote PMEs (Petites et Moyennes Entreprises) promote small businesses in Quebec Increase in natural resource exploitation Buy Quebec campaigns government wanted people to buy products made in Quebec

21 Expo 67 Expo 67 A World s Fair Montreal in 1967 Showcased different countries Expo 67 showed the world how much Quebec has advanced since the 1950s Montreal was transformed by things like an improved highway system and the new metro system

22 Expo 67 LEFT: Google maps image of St-Helens Island (La Ronde) BOTTOM: Expo 67 map of pavilions/attractions

23 Expo 67 Dad, I had an accident in my pantaloons I knew you shouldn t have had the large slush Canadian Pavilion during Expo 67

24 Expo 67 LEFT: American Pavilion in 1967 BOTTOM: The American Pavilion is now used as the Biosphere

25 Expo 67 Arial shot of most of the pavilions in Expo 67

26 TOP: Passports used for Expo 1967 RIGHT: People would stamp their passport when they entered a new pavilion Expo 67

27 The Period of Continued Hydro Quebec projects continued to expand into the 1970s & 1980s Hydro Quebec completed many projects involving the construction of large scale hydro dams James Bay project (projet Jamésie) A hydro dam project that started in the early 1970s and continued into the early 2000s The first phase alone would cost the Quebec government $13. 7 billion It covers the same amount of space as the state of New York

28 The Period of Maps showing the area covered by the James Bay Project, power plants and spillways

29 The Period of One of the fist dams completed during the James Bay project: La Grande-2/ Robert Bourassa Dam Completed in 1974 In 2009 produced 20% of Hydro Quebec s electricity

30 The Period of Important terms to remember: State: another word for government State intervention: government getting involved with things (like the economy) Nationalization: the government is in charge of or owns something specific (like hydroelectricity) Crown corporations: companies that are owned by the government (Hydro Quebec, Caisse de Depot et Placement du Quebec, etc.)

31 The Period of Unions during the period Unions gain power Catholic Unions dissolve or release affiliation with the Catholic Church SECULAR Canadian Catholic Confederation of Labour (CCCL) Confederation des Syndicats Nationaux (CSN) 1960 SECULAR/SECULARIZATION: Church stays out of the affairs of the public sector/business

32 The Period of After 1960: Unions became secular no more Catholic Church involvement

33 The Period of Into the 1970s Increase in unionization from 1950s 38% of employees were unionized (1971) 25% unionized in 1961 More powerful Strikes a lot of government worker strikes Common Fronts different unions strike at the same time Gains in wages and additional benefits (job security, holidays, etc.) were made By late 1970s reputation of unions tarnished because all the strikes

34 The Period of General Union Meeting to discuss Quebec Labour Laws 1964

35 The Period of Bank employees strike/picket in Montreal 1967

36 The Period of Social programs During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s the Quebec Government crated many social programs Healthcare/Medicare in 1967, the Quebec Liberal government removed control of healthcare from the Catholic Clergy and started to implement a state-run healthcare system 1970 health insurance was fully implemented in Quebec Medicare card late 1960s

37 The Period of Results of government economic interventionism from : Improved transportation infrastructure to help businesses transport raw material & manufactured goods A hydroelectric system that allows Quebec to be more energy independent Crown corporations were created (EX: Hydro Quebec and Caisse de Dépôt et Placement du Québec) Multinational corporations owned by Quebecers developed (EX: Bombardier & SNC Lavalin) Multinational = company that business all over the world Investment in Quebec owned & run businesses increased French Canadiens were no longer ONLY the workers/labour they were business owners, doctors, engineers, etc. FRANCOPHONE ELITES

38 The Period of Effects of economic development & intervention from the 1960s-1980 on the territory: Development of industrial zones outside of cities More residential construction projects suburbs being built Development of transportation infrastructure (Highways) Increased development of suburban shopping centers (EX: Fairview Pointe Claire)

39 The Period of Effects of economic development & intervention from the 1960s-1980 on society: Increase in unionization rates Gained improvements in working conditions New social programs to benefit citizens (EX: Medicare system)

40 Economic slowdown in the 1970s The economy was growing and the general public was prosperous in the post WW2 period up until the 1970s lead to recessions in the 1970s-1990s Some causes Less spending by the USA on Canadian goods In the early 1970s OPEC (countries that supply a large quantity of the planet s oil) restricted the supply causing the price of oil to increase greatly More competition from Asian countries in terms of production of goods resulted in job losses in factories and in natural resource extraction (MINES) Canadian/Quebec governments were in large amounts of debt

41 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Free trade ideologies After some recessions in the late 1970s-early 1980s Prime Minister of Canada Brian Mulroney Decided to seek out a FREE TRADE agreement with the USA expand the market Canadian companies could sell goods freely (without large taxes/tariffs)

42 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Free trade ideologies January 1 st, 1989 Canada United States Free trade Agreement (CUSFTA) came into effect getting rid of most customs duties between Canada/USA 1994 Mexico was added to the agreement creating the North American Free trade Agreement (NAFTA) People were worried that CUSFTA/NAFTA would create inter-country competition and Canadian companies would lose out Signing of NAFTA in 1994: Right: Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (Canada) Middle: President George Bush Senior (USA) Left: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (Mexico)

43 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Free trade ideologies Since the signing of NAFTA exports from Quebec to the USA have increased companies in Quebec are benefitting from NAFTA Imports/exports with USA Exports to the USA have increased since the signing of NAFTA

44 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Imports/exports with USA

45 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Globalization & the economy in Quebec Because of FREE TRADE, development of technologies & communications financial/commercial transactions have increased The market which companies can sell their products has increased to the whole world PROS Quebec companies may choose to locate production to other countries (cheaper) CONS Relocating production means that people in Quebec may lose jobs

46 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Globalization & the economy in Quebec Globalization has also affected the types of jobs that we now see in Quebec job/employment market Since the 1960s jobs in the primary & secondary sectors have declined Less people needed for natural resource extraction & agriculture because of advance in technology Less people needed for manufacturing in Quebec/Canada because of relocating manufacturing to developing countries (China, Mexico) & because of technology (robots replace people)

47 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century The city of Gagnon, Quebec opened in 1960 a city built for iron mining Closed down in 1985 less demand for Quebec iron

48 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Left: Graph showing share of world s output in manufacturing 1993 & 2003 Right: Cambodian factory manufacturing textiles/clothing approx. 2013

49 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Globalization & the economy in Quebec As a result more tertiary jobs in Quebec Focus on technology industry software development, robotics, self-driving cars, etc. This aspect of the economy creates collaborations/consortiums amongst different organizations universities working with government, working with private organizations However there are jobs within the tertiary sector that DO NOT have a lot of benefits job security, high wages this can be seen in the retail/food services areas

50 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Globalization & the economy in Quebec The government can help keep jobs in Quebec by: Encouraging companies & workers to specialize in certain sectors Offer specific training to unemployed workers to help them gain the skills needed to re-enter the job market Examples of specific industries in Quebec: Aerospace industries (Bombardier) Videogame industries (Ubisoft Montreal, EA Games)

51 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Ubisoft Montreal Technology sector Employs hundreds of people Training for work this sector can be done in Montreal

52 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Bombardier Aerospace/ transportation sector Quebec multinational corporation Training for work this sector can be done in Quebec Quebec has funded Bombardier most recently $1.3

53 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Bonneville Homes Housing contractor Prefabricated homes Employs carpenters, electricians, plumbers, etc. Training for trades can be government subsidized

54 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Workers demands in the 1980s into the 21 st century Workers are demanding the same types of things as in previous decades: Pay increases that stay constant with the COST OF LIVING/INFLATION if food and gas prices go up-so should the salary of a worker Benefits for parents time off after a baby is born/daycares services funded by the government Pensions that will help for retirement government contribute to the pensions of workers Salary that reflects the work done/hours worked if you work 45 hours a week, there should be compensation

55 The Period of 1980 into the 21 st century Pressure from the general public led to new laws that benefitted women Loi sur l equity salariale (pay equality) Women had more opportunities (still not a lot) to have important roles within corporations Public daycare law set up in Quebec in 1997 working mothers had more support from the government

56 Agriculture from During this period agriculture has changed in these ways: Production quotas a limit amount of production OR a minimum amount of production is needed from farmers Example: Maple syrup farmers can only produce a specific amount of syrup Less farms in Quebec the number of farms decreases, while the sizes of farms that remain grow (buyouts) Introduction of many types of pesticides and herbicides in agriculture these new tools helped production, but may not have been good for the environment

57 Agriculture 1980 into the 21 st century During this period agriculture has changed in these ways: Globalization has allowed Quebec farmers to access markets around the world agricultural products from other countries can access Quebec as well More of a focus on organic products Valens Farms OR Our Little Farm Farms are trying to reduce the amount of land used for farming trying to be more efficient

58 Connections to the Progressions of learning

59 Connections to the Progressions of learning

60 Connections to the Progressions of learning