Chapter : The Modernization of Quebec & the Quiet Revolution. Section 4: Quebec Society under the Bourassa Government ( ) Part 2

Transcription

1 Chapter : The Modernization of Quebec & the Quiet Revolution Section 4: Quebec Society under the Bourassa Government ( ) Part 2

2 Pages that correspond to this presentation Quebec Society under the Bourassa Government ( ): Pages

3 Unions & Activism Early 1970s Quebec Unions Labour Confederations Labour Confederation = an organization that ties together many unions Modern day examples: Quebec Provincial Association of Teachers (QPAT), Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN) Large labour confederations in Quebec during the 1970s: Corporation des Enseignants du Quebec (CEQ), Federation des Travailleurs du Quebec (FTQ) and Confédération des syndicats nationaux (same as now)

4 Unions & Activism These labour confederations banned together to confront the Quebec government they claimed that the government acted in ways that only benefitted the wealthy minority in the province Unions demanded that wealth in the province be dispersed in a way that benefitted the workers as a whole In addition workers in the public sector were concerned with the working conditions they had versus working conditions of private sector workers

5 Unions & Activism Unions demanded change labour disputes followed Quebec became witness to many strikes In 1972 a common front of unions Common Front = when different labour confederations join together and take action to pressure the government In this case The CEQ, FTQ and CSN joined together and 210,000 workers went on strike Leaders of the Common Front Louis Laberge, Yvon Charbonneau and Marcel Pepin The leaders of each union were sent to jail because the government claimed the strikes were illegal and the government issued an injunction to force workers back to work

6 Unions & Activism First day of the Common Front strike- March 1972 Source: Canadian Museum of History.<

7 Unions & Activism Montreal Gazette headline May 10 th, 1972 the day after Union bosses jailed Source: Google News Archive <

8 Unions & Activism Montreal Gazette article May 10 th, 1972 the day after Union bosses jailed Source: Google News Archive <

9 Unions & Activism Montreal Gazette article May 10 th, 1972 the day after Union bosses jailed Source: Google News Archive <

10 Feminism between report released by the federal government on the status of women in Canada Known as the Royal commission on the Status of Women in Canada The head of this report was Florence Bird the report was also called the Bird Report The report found that technically women were equal to men However, women were not treated as such in society and the workplace

11 Feminism between In principle, men and women were equal; but in fact, they were not. The average income of men and women over 65 years of age provided a fine example. The income of men ($3 044) was nearly double that of women ($1 596). To remedy the situation, the commissioners tabled a long series of recommendations to iron out the inequalities between the sexes in different spheres of society. The avant-garde measures proposed included a minimum legal age of 18 for marriage, the multiplication of daycare centres and birth control clinics and the right to abortion. Another section of the report dealt with the specific problems faced by Aboriginal women. Source: Musée Virtual du Culture Populaire. <

12 Feminism between Some demands of women and feminist groups included: Pay equity Right to abortions (without constraints) Maternity leave Child care services Some advancements included: Child care policies in Quebec National council which sought to advance the status of women organizations fought gender equality & the interests of women in society

13 Feminism between Mothers Day A protest in front of the Canadian Parliament in Ottawa to push for the right for abortions without restrictions called the Abortion Caravan The photograph was taken from a Toronto start article You can see the article HERE

14 Feminism between Front de Liberation des femmes du Quebec (FLFQ) 1970 A more radical group of women in Quebec that believed that women needed to break free from traditional views of women The FLFQ was against marriage as members believed it was a form of control The FLFQ fought against exclusion of women from bars and taverns Click HERE for more information on feminist organizations in the 1960s/1970s

15 Feminism between The magazine. Québécoises Deboutte!, became a voice for Francophone women in Quebec after the FLFQ dissolved in 1972 Source: La Presse. <

16 Artists engaged in political movements Artists and theatre organizations were more active in Quebec They advocated for several issues: Women s rights Workers The unemployed Filmmakers created documentaries that touched upon political issues at the time Music events that were connected to Quebec nationalism were also quite popular

17 Artists engaged in political movements Songs about Quebec and its distinctive traits were popular subjects amongst Quebecois artists this was known as qubecitude Many of the artists were Quebec nationalists that also believed in Quebec sovereignty Pauline Julien a Quebecois actress and singer who made it known that she supported Quebec independence In addition, she publically protested the implementation of the War Measures Act during the October Crisis

18 Artists engaged in political movements Songs about Quebec and its distinctive traits were popular subjects amongst Quebecois artists this was known as qubecitude Many of the artists were Quebec nationalists that also believed in Quebec sovereignty Pauline Julien a Quebecois actress and singer who made it known that she supported Quebec independence In addition, she publically protested the implementation of the War Measures Act during the October Crisis

19 Artists engaged in political movements Les Ordres : A film that takes place during the October Crisis when the War Measures act was implemented. The story follows a group of civilians that were incarcerated during this time. The film was directed by Michel Brault

20 The Oil Crisis of 1973 In 1973 Egypt and Syria invaded Israel Israel fought back with help from the United States Countries that belonged to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) supported Egypt and Syria these nations were responsible for exporting most of the oil to North America These same countries increased the price of oil and limited their production in order to weaken/punish countries which supported Israel

21 The Oil Crisis of 1973 Canada and the United States suffered greatly the limited production and high cost of oil created a shortage of oil and pushed the price of manufactured goods way up Remember oil is used in many stages of manufacturing goods including the gasoline to transport raw materials and the goods themselves This oil crisis stopped a nearly 30 year period of economic growth in Quebec/Canada (since WW2) The oil crisis reduced the purchasing power of Canadians (making the same amount of $$$ but goods are now more expensive)

22 The Oil Crisis of 1973 Right: Leon Mill spray-paints a sign outside his Phillips 66 station in Perkasie, Pa., in 1973 to let his customers know he's out of gas. Left: On Dec. 23, 1973, cars formed a double line at a gas station in New York City. Source: National Public Radio.<

23 The Oil Crisis of 1973 The oil crisis forced Western countries like Canada to re-think some issues: Gas consumption of cars research into more fuel efficiency Research into renewable forms of energy (wind and solar power) Alberta sought to create an environmental ministry to look into ways to best conserve natural resources such as oil found in Alberta

24 Relations between Quebec & Ottawa In the early 1970s Pierre Elliott Trudeau wanted to amend the Canadian Constitution the wanted to patriate the constitution Constitution The document that outlines how Canada works federal/provincial responsibilities Amend to change Patriate to take any control the British Parliament might have over the Canadian Constitution Yes, Canada was not in full control yet!

25 Relations between Quebec & Ottawa In order to amend (change) the Canadian constitution meetings were held to discuss the power-sharing responsibilities of the federal and provincial governments Quebec wanted more control over certain areas (family allowances, unemployment insurance, etc.) Meetings were held in Victoria, British Columbia in 1971 The goal was to reach an agreement with all the provinces and the federal government on how powers should be changed/shared

26 Relations between Quebec & Ottawa Canadian Prime Minister, Pierre Elliott Trudeau and Quebec Premier, Robert Bourassa meet at the Victoria Conference in 1970 Source: University of Sherbrooke.<

27 Relations between Quebec & Ottawa A full amending formula was not reached Amending formula = the procedure and results that lead to changing the Canadian Constitution Because the amending formula was not reached the conference in Victoria was considered a failure Only small changes were made and Quebec felt cheated it did not hold anymore power or autonomy within its territory This failure prompted the Parti Quebecois to push the issue of sovereignty this is the only way for Quebec to truly get what it wants

28 The French Language & a stronger sense of identity Concern that the French language was continuing to lose out to English in Quebec Most immigrants chose to send their children to English school as they felt speaking English offered more opportunities within North America Many Francophones in Quebec were concerned that French would disappear they felt the need to protect French in Quebec an important part of Quebecois culture

29 The French Language & a stronger sense of identity A commission was launched to investigate this matter Commission of the French Language and Language Rights in Quebec lead by Jean- Denis Gendron otherwise known as the Gendron Commission Because of the recommendations of this report the Quebec government implemented the Official Languages Act known as Bill 22

30 The French Language & a stronger sense of identity Bill 22 s results: French became the ONLY official language of Quebec English schooling became limited for immigrants only children with good knowledge of English can attend English schools Bill 22 is one step closer to even more restrictive language laws in Quebec Anglophones and allophones considered this law to be discriminatory Allophone = a person whose mother tongue is neither English or French How do restrictive language laws affect English schools in Quebec today?

31 The evolution of Healthcare in Quebec 1969 Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec is established in Quebec the government branch to look after the health and social needs of Quebecers 1970 The Health Insurance Act this allowed Quebecers access to free medical services (not just visits to the hospital) 1974 The Bourassa government established the Centres Locaux de Services Communautaires (CLSC) CLSCs were established to provide free services such as vaccinations and home care visits for senior citizens In addition CLSCs can provide blood tests and contraceptive and sexual health consultation

32 Indigenous population growth 1961 Indigenous populations in Canada topped 21,343 By 1971 the indigenous population was 36,590 This growing population (including within Quebec) meant new needs education, healthcare, etc. In Quebec The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement some of the elements negotiated by the Cree & Inuit addresses some of these points

33 Connections to the Precisions of Learning

34 Connections to the Precisions of Learning

35 Connections to the Precisions of Learning