Complementary activities (Chapter 3)

Transcription

1 COMPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES Complementary activities () PART 1 Québec society under the Duplessis government ( ) Textbook, pp What consequence did the Second World War have for the European continent s cities and infrastructure? Several large cities were in ruin and their infrastructure had to be rebuilt. 2 Briefly describe the Cold War. It was a period marked by distrust, propaganda, espionage, an arms race and the threat of nuclear war, during which the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) held conflicting positions. 3 Document 4, on page 206 in your textbook, illustrates the conflicting positions held by the United States and the USSR during the Cold War. How did their positions conflict? The United States was a capitalist and democratic society where freedom of expression was a fundamental principle. In contrast, the USSR was a communist society, without democracy or freedom of expression. 4 Consult Document 5, on page 206 in your textbook. What explains the presence of the Royal 22nd Regiment in Korea? Canada fought alongside the United States as an ally. 5 Document 7, on page 210 in your textbook, presents the means used by the federal government to intervene in the Canadian economy during the Second World War. a) The federal government s interventionism was based on what economic theories? Establish facts Keynesian economic theories b) Give two reasons that prompted the federal government to intervene in the country s economy. Manage economic cycles better Reduce inequalities OR Ensure better distribution of wealth OR Ensure a comparable standard of living across Canada D3-27

2 6 Indicate the factors that explain the growth of Canadian exports after the Second World War. The rebuilding of Europe The signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) The arms race and the United States need for raw materials 7 Consult the information presented on page 211 in your textbook. Create a timeline for the Union nationale government. Situate in time and space 1944: Election of 1948: Adoption of 1954: Reintroduction 1960: End of the Union Maurice Duplessis and the Fleurdelisé as the of the provincial nationale government the Union nationale official flag of Québec income tax 8 Consult Documents 8 and 9, on page 211 in your textbook. a) Indicate what motivated Maurice Duplessis statements and actions regarding the federal government. Defending the province s autonomy and affirming its identity b) Indicate two actions taken by Duplessis with regard to the federal government based on his position. Establish facts He refused to participate in the programs Ottawa was offering the provinces (e.g., subsidies to universities). He inaugurated the official flag of Québec. 9 Consult Document 11, on page 213 in your textbook. Identify the cities and infrastructure that were developed or emerged in the Côte-Nord and Nouveau-Québec as a result of iron ore mining. Situate in time and space Schefferville, Gagnon, Havre-Saint-Pierre, Port-Cartier, Sept-Îles Mining railway lines 10 Consult Document 12, on page 213 in your textbook. Indicate two consequences for farmers of having access to electricity. Greater productivity Reduced labour needs D3-28 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

3 11 Indicate if the following statements, regarding the economic development policies of the Duplessis government, are true or false. If you indicate that a statement is false, correct it. Statement True False a) The Duplessis government focused on foreign investment and regional development. b) Based on economic liberalism, Duplessis believed that Québec s economic development should rely on heavy state intervention. c) To attract American investment to Québec, Duplessis imposed lower fees and taxes. d) American businesses were attracted by cheap labour in Québec. e) Duplessis believed that Québec should be able to depend on strong industrialization for its development. f) Duplessis adopted policies to modernize rural areas and farms, for example, the Act to Promote Rural Electrification By Means of Electricity Cooperatives. Corrections: b) Based on economic liberalism, Duplessis believed that private enterprise should play a leading role in Québec s economic development. d) American businesses were attracted by Québec s mining resources. e) Duplessis believed that Québec should be able to depend on a prosperous agricultural sector for its development. 12 Match each term in the left column with its definition in the right column. An ideology that supports the involvement of the clergy in politics. School board An administrative structure that ensures the autonomy of schools in a territory. Clericalism An ideology that rejects the involvement of the clergy in politics. An administrative structure that groups together schools in a given sector. D3-29

4 13 Using the word bank, complete the following text on the social policies of the Duplessis government. traditional schools school infrastructure hospitals access pay health care education Catholic health schooling conservatism resources Francophones Anglophones The Duplessis government practised a form of social conservatism that promoted traditional values and Catholicism. Direct spending by the state in education and health was primarily used to build schools and hospitals. The Catholic Many needs were not met. resources Church oversaw most of the education and health services. School infrastructure was often outdated. The lack of in education had a negative impact on the quality of services, teacher training and the awarding of diplomas. At the end of the 1950s, the level of schooling among Francophones was still below that of Anglophones. As for health care, people had to pay for it out of their own pockets. As a result, not everyone had access to health care. 14 Among the following statements, circle the ones that correspond to the positions advocated in Cité libre by young intellectuals, like Pierre Elliott Trudeau and Gérard Pelletier. A. They promoted individual freedoms. B. They promoted Québec s traditional values. C. They called for greater freedom of expression. D. They promoted democracy. E. They denounced the Duplessis government s corruption and favouritism. F. They denounced unions. G. They wanted the Church to take greater control of education and health. H. They denounced social conservatism. I. They promoted state support of employers. J. They denounced nationalism. D3-30 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

5 15 Consult Document 15, on page 215 in your textbook. Identify a change and a continuity with regard to health care in Québec. Determine changes and continuities Change: There were growing numbers of secular health care workers. Continuity: Health care continued to be the responsibility of the Catholic Church. 16 Consult Document 17, on page 216 in your textbook. What did the authors of the Refus global manifesto denounce in 1948? Establish facts They denounced the Church s control over Québec society. 17 Indicate if the following statements, regarding Québec society during the Duplessis era, are true or false. If you indicate that a statement is false, correct it. Statement True False a) During the 1950s, the number of work hours increased, while the time devoted to leisure decreased. b) During the 1950s, goods such as televisions, cars and household appliances became available for mass consumption. c) The 30 years that followed the end of the Second World War were marked by an economic recession in the Western world. d) The consumer society was characterized by greater purchasing power, increased access to credit and the omnipresence of advertising. e) Québec society was changing and attitudes were evolving despite the social conservatism of the Duplessis era. Corrections: a) During the 1950s, the number of work hours decreased, while the time devoted to leisure increased. c) The 30 years that followed the end of the Second World War were marked by economic prosperity in the Western world. 18 Consult Document 20, on page 218 in your textbook. Indicate the consequence of the phenomenon illustrated for Québec s population at the beginning of the 1950s. One-quarter of the Québec population was under 10 years of age. D3-31

6 19 Where did most immigrants who settled in Québec between 1945 and 1960 come from? From the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Austria, France, Greece and Hungary 20 Consult Document 22 on page 220 in your textbook, Document 24 on page 221 and Document 25 on page 222. Match each statement with the corresponding consequence. a) The Oblate missionaries advised the authorities that the children of Québec s nomadic nations had to be educated. b) The federal government opened medical centres and funded housing construction. c) Resource exploitation in regions such as the Côte-Nord and Nouveau-Québec increased. 1) Hunting and fishing threatened and ecosystems disturbed 2) Sedentarization of the Inuit 3) Opening of new residential schools in Québec 21 Consult Document 26, on page 223 in your textbook. What distinguished Paul Sauvé from Maurice Duplessis in terms of style and personality? Establish facts While Duplessis was authoritarian and uncompromising, Sauvé was more flexible and gave his ministers more leeway. 22 Summary What distinguished the federal government s approach to the economy from that of the Québec government during the 1950s? The federal government was increasingly intervening in the economy while the Québec government (under Duplessis) was promoting economic liberalism by focusing on the initiative of private American companies. 23 Summary What elements contributed to the changes in Québec during the 1950s? Unions, artists and intellectuals, the emergence of the consumer society, the influence of American culture and population growth D3-32 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

7 PART 2 The Quiet Revolution and its impact ( ) Textbook, pp Consult Document 27, on page 224 in your textbook, and compare it with Document 20, on page 218 in your textbook. What explains the existence of the government department assigned to Paul Gérin-Lajoie? Establish connections between facts Most of Québec s population was very young. 2 Consult Document 28, on page 224 in your textbook. What change did Jean Lesage s government make to the role of the state? Determine changes and continuities The state became more interventionist. 3 Consult Document 29, on page 225 in your textbook. Indicate how the composition of the class in the photograph differed from the one proposed by the Parent Report. Identify differences and similarities The class shown in Document 29 is composed of boys only, while the Parent Report recommended coeducation in order to promote girls education. 4 Consult the information presented on pages 225 and 226 in your textbook. Create a timeline for the education sector. Situate in time and space 1961: Adoption 1961: Creation 1963: Publication 1964: Creation of 1965: Opening of the Grande of the Parent of the first the Department of the first Charte de Commission volume of the of Education comprehensive l éducation Parent Report high schools 5 Compare Document 33, on page 227 in your textbook, with Document 15, on page 215. Identify a fact that shows a change in Québec s health care system and a fact that shows a continuity. Determine changes and continuities Change: Hospitals were no longer the responsibility of the Church. Continuity: There were more and more secular health care workers. D3-33

8 6 Indicate if the following statements, regarding the health care sector, are true or false. If you indicate that a statement is false, correct it. Statement True False a) In 1960, 57% of the population of Québec had private insurance. b) In 1961, the Lesage government set up a hospital insurance program so that Quebecers could be hospitalized at low cost. c) In 1962, the Hospitals Act stipulated that hospitals had to hold a government permit and be administered by a board of doctors. Corrections: a) In 1960, only 43% of the population of Québec had private insurance. b) In 1961, the Lesage government set up a hospital insurance program so that Quebecers could be hospitalized at no cost. 7 What is a Crown corporation? An organization created by the state to manage, sell or exploit certain resources, or provide services 8 Consult Documents 34 and 35, on page 228 in your textbook, and explain the connection between the Liberal Party s election slogan in 1962 and the creation of Crown corporations. Establish connections between facts The slogan Maîtres chez nous captures the Lesage government s desire, guided by economic nationalism, to intervene more and more in the province s economy through the creation of Crown corporations. 9 a) Why did the Lesage government nationalize electricity in 1962? The Lesage government wanted to maximize profits from the production of electricity and standardize electricity rates across the province. It also wanted to ensure a more reliable supply of electricity to remote regions. b) Indicate a territorial consequence of the nationalization of electricity. The nationalization of electricity led to the construction of large dams on several rivers, particularly those in the Côte-Nord. D3-34 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

9 10 How were the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and the Québec Pension Plan linked? The objective of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec was to collect a percentage of the wages of all Quebecers. These amounts would grow in value over the years, then be returned to workers at retirement under the Québec Pension Plan. 11 Document 36, on page 229 in your textbook, presents one of the actions taken by the Québec state in the cultural sector. Explain what motivated the state s interventions in this sector. The Lesage government sought to promote Québécois identity and culture, in particular, by promoting Québec s development in the arts. 12 Consult Documents 34, 38 and 40, on pages 228, 230 and 231 in your textbook. What do you call a state that adopts the types of social and economic intervention measures presented in these documents? Establish connections between facts A welfare state 13 Among the following statements, circle the ones that represent the effects of interventionism and leadership by the Québec state with regard to economic development during the Quiet Revolution. A. Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by French entrepreneurs B. Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by Francophone entrepreneurs C. Creation of multinationals led by Francophone entrepreneurs D. Emergence of a new Francophone elite E. Emergence of a new Franco-American elite 14 Consult Document 43, on page 233 in your textbook. Indicate a change and a continuity with regard to the percentage of Québec adolescents attending school. Determine changes and continuities Examples of answers: Change: School attendance rose significantly among students aged 15, 16 and 17. Continuity: School attendance of students aged 12, 13 and 14 was maintained at 100% between 1961 and D3-35

10 15 Consult Document 44, on page 233 in your textbook. Match the action in the photograph with a measure adopted by the Lesage government. Establish connections between facts The adoption of the new labour code by the Lesage government in 1964 gave state employees the right to unionize and the right to strike. 16 Consult Document 46, on page 234 in your textbook. What opportunity is Premier Johnson referring to? Establish connections between facts The opportunity for Québec to welcome others, talk with them and cooperate with them 17 Consult Document 47, on page 235 in your textbook. What idea defended by Québec s neo-nationalists can be associated with the famous statement made by the president of the French Republic? Establish connections between facts The idea that Québec should separate from Canada and form its own country 18 Complete the following statements about Québec neo-nationalism and the creation of the Parti Québécois. a) Québec neo-nationalism distinguished itself from traditional nationalism, which emphasized the place of French Canadian Ralliement national Rassemblement pour l indépendance nationale Mouvement souveraineté-association of Canada. Parti Québécois Catholicism c) René Lévesque left the Liberal Party to found the movement known in which several colonies of European states gained independence sovereign country identity. b) Two new political parties promoted the idea of making Québec a country: the as the become a (RN) and the (RIN). in (MSA). He wanted Québec to while maintaining economic ties with the rest d) In 1968, the MSA, the RN and the great majority of members of the RIN merged to form the (PQ). e) The rise of the sovereignist movement in Québec occurred in an international context. D3-36 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

11 19 Documents 48 to 51, on pages 236 and 237 in your textbook, exemplify Québec s cultural vitality during the 1960s. What theme was increasingly present in the works of Québec artists? Establish facts The Québécois identity 20 Consult Document 52, on page 238 in your textbook. What explains the increasingly tense relations between Francophones and Anglophones? The demands tied to nationalism and language put forward by the Québécois, who were increasingly asserting themselves, and the emergence of the sovereignist movement in Québec 21 Among the following statements, which ones correspond to the Laurendeau Dunton Commission s findings? A. The sovereignist movement was emerging in Québec. B. Francophones did not have access to many jobs in the federal civil service. C. The sovereignist movement was causing concern in English Canada. D. Anglophones in Québec were in a better situation than Francophone minorities in Canada. E. Francophone minorities in Canada were concentrated in Eastern and Central Canada. 22 Summary How did the Quiet Revolution manifest itself in Québec? The Quiet Revolution manifested itself by the emergence of a welfare state. The state took control of health and education, which it modernized and secularized, nationalized electricity, created Crown corporations that intervened in the province s economy and promoted Québécois identity and culture. 23 Summary What were the effects of the Quiet Revolution on Francophone Quebecers? More Francophone Quebecers attended school, were unionized and were involved in the business world. They showed greater openness to the world, supported Québec neo-nationalism and benefited from cultural vitality. D3-37

12 PART 3 Québec society in the 1960s Textbook, pp Consult Documents 54 and 55, on page 240 in your textbook. Indicate the factors that explain Québec s demographic situation during the 1960s. Increased presence of women in the labour market Use of the birth control pill Less importance placed on large families 2 Why did the federal government introduce, in 1967, immigration criteria based on a candidate s training and the needs of the labour market? Because the labour market increasingly required professional qualifications. 3 Consult Document 56, on page 241 in your textbook. Indicate a change and a continuity with regard to the country of origin of immigrants who came to settle in Québec during the 1960s. Determine changes and continuities Change: Immigrants from the West Indies, India, Pakistan and various other developing countries settled in Québec. Continuity: Most immigrants were still Westerners (from France, Italy, Greece, Portugal). 4 Consult Documents 57 and 58, on page 242 in your textbook. Answer the questions by choosing from among the statements below. A. Development of a leisure society B. Household debt C. Air pollution D. Wages in Québec increasing more than prices E. Fashion, propelled by a rapid increase in advertising F. Increased number of affordable goods G. Increased waste H. A growing variety of available goods a) Which statements correspond to the factors that explain the increasing consumption of goods among Quebecers during the 1960s? A D E F H b) Which statements correspond to problems caused by the consumer society? B C G D3-38 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

13 5 Which of the following explain the data provided in Documents 60 and 62, on page 244 in your textbook? A. Construction of roads B. Greater demand for manufactured products C. Population growth D. Construction of schools, comprehensive high schools and hospitals E. Increased consumer purchasing power F. Construction of dams 6 Consult Document 63, on page 245 in your textbook, and then answer the following questions. a) Among the major changes that came with the modernization of manufacturing companies, which one corresponds to Document 63? Establish connections between facts A. Production became increasingly automated. B. The cost of modernization was very high and production became concentrated in large companies. C. Many companies closed down their outdated operations in old industrial neighbourhoods. b) What factor explains this change? Vast, affordable lots located close to transportation infrastructure 7 Consult Document 64, on page 245 in your textbook. a) What explains Toronto s development at the end of the 1960s? Companies moved to Toronto because of Ontario s strong economic growth and the need to move production close to the main consumer markets. b) Indicate a consequence of Toronto s development for Montréal. Montréal was no longer the biggest city in Canada, or its economic metropolis. D3-39

14 8 Consult Document 65, on page 246 in your textbook. a) Indicate the phenomenon behind the problem presented. Urban sprawl b) What phenomena contributed to the expansion of urban agglomerations? The influence of the American way of life The development of infrastructure such as highways The establishment of new factories in the suburbs The characteristics of the suburbs that were attractive to the middle class 9 Indicate if the following statements, regarding changing attitudes in Québec, are true or false. If you indicate that a statement is false, correct it. Statement True False a) The young generation born during the post-war years were called the baby boomers. b) At the beginning of the 1960s, the children born during the baby boom were all adults. c) Youth formed a very important social group, which is why the minimum voting age was reduced from 25 to 18 years of age in d) The baby boomers openly challenged their parents values. e) Religious practice decreased, and the number of priests and members of religious communities dropped in Québec. f) The number of marriages was growing and the number of Quebecers in common-law relationships was increasing. g) The number of divorces increased in Québec, due, in part, to a 1968 federal law making it easier to obtain a divorce. Corrections: b) Children born during the baby boom became adolescents and young adults in the 1960s. c) Youth formed a very important social group, which is why the minimum voting age was reduced from 21 to 18 years of age in f) The number of marriages was declining and more Quebecers were in common-law relationships. D3-40 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

15 10 Consult Documents 66 and 67, on page 247 in your textbook. Indicate at least one similarity between youth in Québec and youth in the rest of the Western world. Identify differences and similarities They were demonstrating for greater social justice. 11 Under what circumstances was abortion allowed as of 1969? Abortion was allowed if a committee of three doctors deemed that the woman s life or health was in danger. 12 Choose the set of statements that describes the situation of homosexuality in Canada at the end of the 1960s. A. Before 1969, homosexual relations were considered a criminal offence. The omnibus bill ended discrimination against homosexuals. B. Before 1969, homosexual relations were tolerated. Despite the omnibus bill, discrimination against homosexuals continued. C. Before 1969, homosexual relations were tolerated. The omnibus bill ended discrimination against homosexuals. D. Before 1969, homosexual relations were considered a criminal offence. Despite the omnibus bill, discrimination against homosexuals continued. 13 What did the federal government hope to achieve by tabling its white paper entitled Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy, 1969? The federal government sought to make Indigenous people citizens on the same basis as other Canadians, without any special rights. 14 Summary What characterized Québec s population during the 1960s? Québec s population was characterized by a falling birth rate, the diversification of immigrants, the consumer society as a way of life and a change in attitudes which challenged traditional values, the granting of women s rights and the decriminalization of homosexuality. Indigenous people sought to preserve their rights and prevent assimilation. 15 Summary Briefly describe Québec s economic situation during the 1960s. Québec s economic development was based largely on public investment, the modernization of manufacturing companies that were becoming increasingly automated and that were expanding and moving to the suburbs, and a rise in housing construction as a result of Quebecers increased purchasing power. D3-41

16 PART 4 Québec society under the Bourassa government ( ) Textbook, pp Consult Document 72, on page 254 in your textbook. What consequence did the adoption of the health insurance plan have for the population of Québec? All Quebecers could now access free medical services. 2 Consult Document 73, on page 254 in your textbook. What principle can be associated with this section in the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms? Establish connections between facts The principle of equality 3 Consult Document 74, on page 255 in your textbook. Complete the following table by classifying the Baie-James hydroelectric plants according to the project s phases of development. Situate in time and space Years: Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase Years: Years: Robert-Bourassa La Grande-3 La Grande-4 La Grande-1 La Grande-2-A Laforge-1 Laforge-2 Brisay Sarcelle Eastmain-1 Eastmain-1-A 4 Document 75, on page 255 in your textbook, features Premier Robert Bourassa in front of the Baie-James hydroelectric development project that bears his name. Why did the premier launch the project of the century? The premier wanted to stimulate Québec s economic growth. 5 Consult Document 76, on page 256 in your textbook. Compare governance among First Nations with that of the Inuit nation. Indicate a difference and a similarity. Identify differences and similarities Examples of answers: Difference: Governance is provided by a band council among First Nations, whereas it is provided by a northern village council among the Inuit. Similarity: Universal suffrage is used to choose leaders. D3-42 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

17 6 What school of thought in Québec society can be associated with Document 77, on page 256 in your textbook? Establish connections between facts Feminism 7 Consult Document 78, on page 257 in your textbook. Indicate what was agreed on under the James Bay and Northern Québec Agreement that ensured protection of the cultural identity of the Cree and the Inuit. Establish facts Protection of the culture and traditional way of life of the Inuit and the Cree Creation of two school boards that take into account the particular cultural aspects of the Inuit and the Cree in developing the education program 8 Complete the table below by matching the following statements with the events the Bourassa government had to face. A. The cost of transportation and goods increased. B. The presidents of the CEQ, the FTQ and the CSN were imprisoned. C. Governments were accused of serving the interests of a wealthy minority. D. Québec s three major labour confederations united to negotiate with the government. E. The War Measures Act was invoked. F. A war broke out between a coalition of Arab countries and Israel. G. British diplomat James Richard Cross and the minister Pierre Laporte were kidnapped. H. The period of economic growth that followed the Second World War ended after 30 years. I. Strikes were common. J. Members of the FLQ targeted what they considered to be symbols of British colonialism and Anglophone power. K. The working conditions of employees in the public sector were generally less advantageous than those in the private sector. October Crisis Common Front Oil crisis E G J B C D I K A F H 9 Consult Document 79, on page 258 in your textbook. Indicate how the members of the FLQ identified themselves. Establish facts They identified themselves as a group of Québec workers, not as an aggressive movement. D3-43

18 10 Consult Document 80, on page 258 in your textbook. Indicate two consequences of the implementation of the War Measures Act. The intervention of the army in Québec, particularly in Montréal Hundreds of wrongful arrests 11 Referring to Document 81, on page 259 in your textbook, explain how relations between the unions and governments led to legal consequences for the three presidents of Québec s labour confederations. Establish connections between facts Your answer must specify each of the elements below and establish connections between them. Relations between unions and governments An action by union leaders A legal consequence for the three labour confederation presidents In the early 1970s, relations between the unions and governments became increasingly strained. Strikes erupted and the government issued an injunction forcing unionized workers back to work. (Relations between unions and governments) Québec s three labour confederation presidents encouraged their members to defy the injunction. (An action by union leaders) The government therefore imprisoned the three presidents. (A legal consequence for the three labour confederation presidents) 12 Among the following elements, which ones correspond to feminist demands in the 1970s? A. Pay equity B. Abortion C. Maternity leave D. Access to higher education E. Establishment of child care services F. The right to vote in provincial elections 13 Consult Document 85, on page 261 in your textbook, and indicate one feminist concern. Establish facts Unrestricted access to abortion D3-44 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

19 14 Indicate if the following statements, regarding relations between Québec and Ottawa, are true or false. If you indicate that a statement is false, correct it. Statement True False a) In order for Canada to obtain full autonomy, Pierre Elliott Trudeau had to call on the Canadian Parliament to amend the Constitution. b) The provinces had to reach an agreement with Ottawa on the new power-sharing arrangement and the amending formula. c) Constitutional negotiations were started between Ottawa and the provinces. d) In 1971, a conference was held in Vancouver, British Columbia. e) The conference was successful and Québec s autonomy was respected in certain jurisdictions. Corrections: a) In order for Canada to obtain full autonomy, Pierre Elliott Trudeau had to patriate the Canadian Constitution. d) In 1971, a conference was held in Victoria, British Columbia. e) The conference was a failure and Québec felt that its autonomy would not be respected in certain jurisdictions. 15 Consult Document 86, on page 262 in your textbook. Indicate how the Parti Québécois position resulted from the failure of the conference in Victoria. Establish connections between facts The conference in Victoria failed because the Québec government felt that under the proposed agreement it would not enjoy the same autonomy in certain jurisdictions as it did under the Canadian Constitution, which is what the Parti Québécois also denounced when it asserted that Québec was blocked due to the structures created by this same constitution. 16 Consult Document 87, on page 263 in your textbook. Indicate the goal recommended by the chairman of the Commission of Inquiry on the Position of the French Language and Language Rights in Québec. Establish facts To make French the common language of Quebecers D3-45

20 17 Consult Document 88, on page 263 in your textbook. Indicate the specific point on which Francophones and Anglophones or allophones in Québec disagreed with respect to the Official Language Act (Bill 22). Identify differences and similarities Effects of the Act: some Francophones felt that the measures adopted would not adequately protect the French language, while Anglophones and allophones considered them discriminatory. 18 Consult Document 90, on page 265 in your textbook. How did some artists contribute to the political dimension of neo-nationalism? Establish facts By taking a public position in support of Québec sovereignty 19 Summary What main actions were taken by the Bourassa government during the 1970s? The creation of medicare, adoption of the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, hydroelectric development in Baie-James, adoption of the Official Language Act 20 Summary What is the connection between the demands of Indigenous nations and the Baie-James hydroelectric development project? Confronted with a hydroelectric development project that would transform their territory, the Inuit and the Cree launched legal proceedings to order the work stopped. The James Bay and Northern Québec Agreement recognized their rights while allowing the government to move forward with the project. D3-46 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

21 PART 5 Québec society under the Lévesque government ( ) Textbook, pp Document 91, on page 266 in your textbook, illustrates the victory of the Parti Québécois in What was unique about this victory? Establish facts For the first time in the history of Québec, a government whose goal was Québec sovereignty took power. 2 Among the following reasons, circle the ones that explain why the Lévesque government did not seek to achieve Québec sovereignty as soon as it was elected. A. The Lévesque government had promised to wait until its second mandate to achieve sovereignty. B. The Lévesque government wanted to adopt reforms that it considered necessary. C. The Parti Québécois was worried about losing a referendum on sovereignty. D. The Parti Québécois promised to consult the population. E. The Lévesque government wanted to prove that it would be able to lead a future country. 3 In 1971, how did the Trudeau government plan to promote equality among Canada s various cultural groups, recognition of Indigenous rights and the status of both official languages of Canada? By implementing a policy promoting multiculturalism 4 Document 92, on page 267 in your textbook, illustrates the involvement of Jean Alfred, a Haitian immigrant, in politics. In addition to criteria favourable to refugees, what criterion allowed Québec to receive thousands of Haitians in the 1970s? Establish facts A criterion that prioritized Francophone immigration 5 Document 93, on page 267 in your textbook, illustrates Vietnamese refugees who were received in Indicate the action taken by the Trudeau government that made this possible. The adoption of a new Immigration Act, which broadened the eligibility criteria for refugees 6 Explain why some Anglophones decided to leave Québec after Bill 101 was passed. They believed that the legislative restrictions placed on English use and instruction threatened their rights. D3-47

22 7 Consult page 263 in your textbook as well as Documents 94 and 96, on page 268. Indicate how Bill 101 differed from Bill 22 with regard to language of instruction. Identify differences and similarities Bill 101 went much further than Bill 22. It imposed French as the language of instruction for the children of immigrants, whereas Bill 22 limited access to English schooling to children with a good knowledge of English. 8 Indicate if the following statements, regarding the adoption of reforms by the Lévesque government, are true or false. If you indicate that a statement is false, correct it. Statement True False a) Adopted in 1977, the Rand Formula required employers to finance unions directly from their operating funds. b) Adopted in 1977, the Automobile Insurance Act provided for the compensation of victims of road accidents. c) Adopted in 1977, the Act to Govern the Financing of Political Parties was intended to encourage favouritism and bring greater transparency to political party financing. d) Adopted in 1978, the Act Respecting the Preservation of Agricultural Land was intended to promote the expansion of urban agglomerations in the Vallée du Saint-Laurent. e) The Act Respecting Labour Standards, which came into effect in 1980, imposed rules on all employers, in particular, the obligation to grant maternity leave. Corrections: a) Adopted in 1977, the Rand Formula required employers to collect union dues from employee wages, then give them to the union. c) Adopted in 1977, the Act to Govern the Financing of Political Parties was intended to prevent favouritism and bring greater transparency to political party financing. d) Adopted in 1978, the Act Respecting the Preservation of Agricultural Land was intended to control the expansion of urban agglomerations in the Vallée du Saint-Laurent. D3-48 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

23 9 Consult Document 97, on page 269 in your textbook. Indicate one of the demands put forward by feminists in the 1970s. Establish facts Equal access 10 Match the causes of Québec s economic downturn at the end of the 1970s with their consequences. a) Oil crisis in Iran b) Industrial relocation toward countries with lower wages c) Rise in the unemployment rate 1) Tax losses for the government 2) Job losses in Québec 3) Wave of inflation 11 What solution did some experts and politicians propose in response to increased taxes and debt caused by the maintenance of government services? Some experts and politicians proposed reducing services and the size of government. 12 Summary What measures put forward by the Parti Québécois aimed to protect Québécois culture and strengthen nationalist sentiment? Planning to hold a referendum to achieve Québec sovereignty, signing an agreement with the federal government to enable the selection of Francophone immigrants, adopting the Charter of the French Language 13 Summary Indicate the Lévesque government s reforms to the world of work. Adopting the Rand Formula, adopting the Act Respecting Labour Standards D3-49