Evaluation of knowledge (Chapter 1)

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1 EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE SECTION 1 /65 The Act of Union Evaluation of knowledge (Chapter 1) PART 1 The Act of Union and the early days of the Province of Canada ( ) 1 a) Of the following two proposals made by Lord Durham, circle the one that was /2 retained by the British government for the constitution of A. The legislative union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada B. The introduction of responsible government b) What is the name of the constitution adopted by the British government in 1840? 2 The constitution of 1840 led to territorial and political changes. Complete the table /8 below to describe these changes. Aspect Changes Lower Canada and Upper Canada, Territorial which were distinct colonies before the Act of Union, became the two regions the Province of Canada of the new colony,. The legislative union united, under a single government, the territories of Lower Canada and Upper Canada. Political The British Parliament granted equal political representation to both regions despite the fact that the population of Lower Canada was greater. The official language of the Province of Canada was English. 3 In the table below, classify the political institutions in place until 1848, using the /4 corresponding letter. A. Legislative Assembly B. Governor C. Legislative Council D. Executive Council Institution whose members are appointed B C D Institution whose members are elected A Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc. Secondary IV Chapter 1 D1-89

2 4 Complete the following diagram. /5 LEADER OF THE REFORMERS OF UPPER CANADA Robert Baldwin LEADER OF THE REFORMERS OF LOWER CANADA Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine formed an obtained the demanded alliance. majority the establishment of in the Legislative Assembly. responsible government. 5 Circle the statements that are true. /2 A. From the beginning of the 19th century to 1846, London favoured the purchase of resources from its colonies. B. In 1846, London ended the protectionism enjoyed by its colonies. C. The abandonment of protectionism meant that London granted preferential tariffs to countries outside of the British Empire. 6 After the establishment of responsible government in 1848, was power democratic /2 in the Province of Canada? Explain your answer. Democratic power was limited after the establishment of responsible government. The governor, appointed by London, could overturn a law and prevent the Executive Council from dissolving the Assembly. Moreover, the Province of Canada was still a colony and the United Kingdom maintained its power over external affairs. 7 Among the following statements, circle the ones that describe laws or measures /3 favourable to French Canadians. A. The restoration of French as a language of use in the Legislative Assembly B. The merger of the debts of the two Canadas C. A law granting amnesty to the Patriotes D. A law compensating victims of the rebellions of D1-90 Chapter 1 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

3 PART 2 Toward a Canadian federation ( ) 1 Indicate one political difficulty caused by the two-party system in the Province /2 of Canada. Various possible answers. Examples: To form a majority government, a political party had to win a double majority. OR Many minority governments succeeded one another in the Province of Canada, which made managing the affairs of the colony difficult. 2 Check the political party and the region of the Province of Canada to which /8 each statement refers. Statement Liberals Conservatives Lower Canada Upper Canada a) Led by George Brown, this party was formed of former radical Reformers and supporters of proportional representation. b) The members of this party, led by John A. Macdonald, were former moderate Reformers, among others. Most were loyal to the British Crown. c) The members of this party, led by George-Étienne Cartier, were primarily former moderate Reformers from Montréal s bourgeoisie. d) Led by Antoine-Aimé Dorion, this party was formed of nationalist and anticlerical intellectuals. 3 What agreement allowed the Province of Canada and the United States to trade /1 raw materials and agricultural products without having to pay customs duties? The Reciprocity Treaty of Among the following statements, circle the ones that illustrate the desire /2 of the colony s businessmen to develop a domestic market. A. Link the rail network to the ports of Portland and Boston B. Create an economic unit to promote industry in the British colonies C. Construct an efficient transportation network to link the British colonies D. Encourage the settlement of American merchants in Rupert s Land Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc. Secondary IV Chapter 1 D1-91

4 5 Why did the United States and the Province of Canada covet the lands in the West? /1 To pursue their expansion and development 6 What did the Great Coalition propose in order to put an end to political instability? /1 The idea of a confederation of all of the British North American colonies 7 The following events pertain to Confederation. Place them in chronological /4 order, numbering them from 1 to 4. Event a) London signed the British North America Act (BNA Act). b) The delegates of the British colonies adopted the 72 Resolutions in the city of Québec. c) The representatives of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada agreed on the principle of a federal union. d) The delegates of the British colonies went to London to obtain approval for Confederation. Number The proposal for Confederation generated many reactions and much discussion. /5 With which region of the Province of Canada can you associate each of the following statements? A. There was concern that Francophones would lose their influence within the new union. B. Proportional representation would allow it to increase the number of its members in the Legislative Assembly. C. The Bleus supported Confederation. D. The planned colonization of the territory northward and westward would allow for its development. E. Most members of the Legislative Assembly supported Confederation. Upper Canada B D E Lower Canada A C D1-92 Chapter 1 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

5 9 Match the political institutions in the federal government with their /4 respective duties. Political institution Duty a) The governor general 1) To implement laws b) The House of Commons (Legislative Assembly) 2) To propose and vote on bills c) The Senate 3) To approve laws d) The prime minister and Cabinet 4) To study bills and vote on them 10 Complete the following text. /8 After the coming into force, on July 1, 1867, of the British North America Act OR BNA Act, Canada became a dominion. It comprised four provinces: Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The political system of the Dominion of Canada was that of a constitutional monarchy, that is, a system in which the official head of state was the king or queen of the United Kingdom. However, the head of state s power was limited by a constitution. The Dominion of Canada belonged to the British Commonwealth. 11 Among the following statements, check the ones that correspond to changes /3 in the 1867 constitution compared with the constitution of A. The election of members of the Legislative Assembly B. Proportional representation C. Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council D. Two levels of government (federal and provincial) E. Federal government s residual powers and power of disallowance Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc. Secondary IV Chapter 1 D1-93

6 SECTION 2 /85 PART 3 The first phase of industrialization (circa ) 1 Among the following statements, circle the ones that characterize the first /3 phase of industrialization starting in the mid-19th century. A. Mechanization of labour B. Increased number of craftspeople in the cities C. The use of the steam engine D. The expansion of the food sector 2 a) What is the objective of industrial capitalism? /1 The quest for profit (increasing wealth) b) How did businessmen apply this economic system? /2 They made profits by selling goods. They used these profits to purchase more machines or factories. Through banks, businessmen were able to grow their capital. 3 The following statements describe either the causes or the consequences of /4 industrialization. Classify them by writing the corresponding letter in the appropriate box. A. The emergence of the working class B. The introduction of machines (mechanization) C. The increase in trade between the colonies and the United States D. The creation of workers associations or unions Causes B C INDUSTRIALIZATION Consequences A D 4 Explain why certain canals underwent major work and were widened and /2 deepened in the second half of the 19th century. These improvements made it possible to manage the increase in commercial traffic, which involved increasingly larger ships. This also promoted growth in port activity in Montréal, which became a trade hub. D1-94 Chapter 1 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

7 5 Among the following statements, circle the ones that correspond to the benefits /2 generated by the rail network in the 19th century. A. Allowed governments to generate large profits B. Made it possible to ship manufactured goods D. Made it possible to ensure transportation year round E. Made it possible to maintain traditional farming in urban centres C. Made it possible for ideas and information to circulate in the territory 6 Complete the text on the forestry industry using the following terms. /4 sawmills pulp mills shipyards pulp and paper The forestry industry continued to expand in the 19th century. Up to the end of the 1860s, many ships were built in the shipyards along the Rivière Saint-Charles. In the second half of the 19th century, the forestry industry diversified. The development of large cities, particularly in the United States, contributed to the prosperity of sawmills in the Outaouais, Saguenay and Mauricie regions. Moreover, the pulp and paper sector evolved rapidly. Large pulp mills opened in the regions of Sherbrooke and Hull. 7 What distinguished agriculture close to urban centres from agriculture in the /2 more remote regions? Explain your answer. Mechanization. Farms close to urban centres integrated new techniques and modernized, while subsistence farming continued to dominate in the more remote regions. 8 What was the benefit of the abolition of the seigneurial system for the censitaires? /2 They could purchase their lands and no longer had any obligations toward their seigneur. Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc. Secondary IV Chapter 1 D1-95

8 PART 4 Social change and culture in the second half of the 19th century 1 Complete the table using the following terms. /11 capital children working class factories businessmen working conditions business class labour production wages workplaces Group Business class Description Its members possessed capital and the means of production. It comprised businessmen who became wealthy through the labour of those working in factories. Its members were the men, women and children Working class who provided cheap labour in factories. They worked in exchange for low wages. Their working conditions were poor: 60-hour workweeks, unhealthy workplaces and dangerous machines. 2 What was the goal of union associations at the end of the 19th century? /1 To improve the working conditions of workers 3 Several government interventions helped to protect workers in the 1880s. Which of /1 the following measures was not respected before the end of the 19th century? Circle the correct answer. A. Recognize the legality of union associations B. Establish limits on the number of working hours a week C. Set the minimum age for work D. Legalize strikes 4 Why is it stated that industrialization led to urbanization? /2 The number of industries increased in the cities and they required abundant labour. Consequently, the population in the cities steadily increased. D1-96 Chapter 1 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

9 5 Around the end of the 19th century, many French Canadians left the countryside /2 in the hopes of improving their living conditions. Indicate two reasons that pushed French Canadians to emigrate to the United States. Farmland in the Vallée du Saint-Laurent was overpopulated. Industries were thriving in the cities of the northeastern United States. 6 What actions were taken by the government of Honoré Mercier to try to prevent /2 emigration to the United States? Circle the appropriate answers. A. Made sure that no railway line was built to the United States B. Established a program to colonize Québec s undeveloped regions C. Encouraged the opening of factories D. Created the Department of Agriculture and Colonization 7 Indicate if the following statements, regarding immigration to Canada from the British /6 Isles, are true or false. If you indicate that a statement is false, correct it. Statement True False a) The Great Famine prompted hundreds of thousands of Irish people to settle in the British North American colonies. b) The federal government did not encourage the British to settle in the Dominion of Canada. c) There were more Northern European immigrants than British immigrants. d) Between 1861 and 1901, net migration was negative, since the number of immigrants was less than the number of emigrants. Corrections: b) The federal government sought to populate the country and encouraged the British to settle in the Dominion of Canada. c) There were fewer Northern European immigrants than British immigrants. Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc. Secondary IV Chapter 1 D1-97

10 8 Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. /3 A. Nationalism of survival B. Ultramontanism C. Anticlericalism Definition A nationalism stipulating that maintaining the Catholic faith and Church, as well as French culture and language, was essential to the cultural survival of the French Canadians in North America A position opposing the influence of the Church in spheres other than religious life A political and religious doctrine according to which the Catholic Church exercises control in all spheres, particularly with respect to political power Term A C B 9 Complete the text on women s rights in the second half of the 19th century, /6 using the following terms. right to vote feminism minors consent recognition education At the end of the 19th century, women were considered minors in the eyes of the law. This meant that they could not act without the consent of their father or husband. In 1849, the Baldwin LaFontaine government revoked their right to vote. Women started demanding of recognition education feminism of their rights. For example, they demanded their right to and access to university studies. Their demands were the basis in Québec. 10 What distinguished the Mouvement patriotique et littéraire de Québec from the /2 École littéraire de Montréal? The Mouvement patriotique et littéraire de Québec was devoted to patriotic literature, while the École littéraire de Montréal advocated a free style of writing with no imposed themes and no other objective than the beauty of the writing itself. 11 Why was women s literature emerging at the end of the 19th century? /2 Because newspapers and magazines had increased in number by the end of the 19th century and they started to take an interest in their female readership. Among other things, they began publishing women s literature in serial form. D1-98 Chapter 1 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

11 PART 5 Development of the Canadian federation ( ) 1 Indicate if the following statements, regarding the entry of new provinces into the /6 Dominion of Canada, are true or false. If you indicate that a statement is false, correct it. Statement True False a) The year 1870 marked the creation of the province of Manitoba and its entry into the Canadian federation. b) In 1871, Ontario joined the Dominion. c) The federal government promised to build a road linking British Columbia to the rest of the Dominion of Canada. d) Prince Edward Island joined the Dominion of Canada in Corrections: b) British Columbia joined the Dominion of Canada in 1871, not Ontario. c) The Dominion of Canada promised to build a railway line. 2 Why did the Métis establish the National Committee of Métis after the Canadian /2 government acquired Rupert s Land and many colonists arrived? The Métis wanted to defend their territorial rights and safeguard their culture. 3 The following events pertain to the Métis uprisings. Place them in chronological /4 order, numbering them from 1 to 4. Statement a) The government introduced the Manitoba Act, but the proportion of English Canadian colonists grew and many Métis had to settle farther west. b) Louis Riel formed a provisional government in the Batoche region, which angered many English Canadians. c) Louis Riel was accused of high treason. He was imprisoned, tried, sentenced to death and executed. d) The National Committee of Métis formed a provisional government led by Louis Riel to negotiate the entry of their territory into the Dominion of Canada. Number Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc. Secondary IV Chapter 1 D1-99

12 4 For each of the following statements, indicate if it is a cause or a consequence /5 of the signing of the 11 Numbered Treaties by First Nations. Statement Cause Consequence a) First Nations gave up their lands to the government. b) Thousands of colonists settled in Indigenous hunting and fishing territories. c) The federal government created reserves. d) Famine threatened Indigenous people in the West as a result of the disappearance of the bison. e) The federal government provided farm equipment to First Nations to encourage them to adopt a sedentary way of life. 5 Among the following statements, which ones describe the Indian Act? /3 Check the appropriate statements. A. One objective of this act was to encourage the enfranchisement of First Nations people. B. This act encouraged First Nations people to maintain their status and live on reserves. C. This act accorded the status of minor and ward of the state to those who refused to enfranchise. D. This act was part of the effort to assimilate Indigenous people that had been underway for a few decades. 6 Why did the Macdonald government adopt the National Policy in 1879? /2 The Macdonald government wanted to stimulate the Dominion s industrial development. 7 What did the premier of Québec, Honoré Mercier, defend during his term in office? /2 He defended French Canadian nationalism and promoted provincial autonomy. 8 Among the following statements, circle the one that does not present a demand /1 of the provinces during the first interprovincial conference of A. Obtain a greater share of the tax revenue B. Offer greater powers to the central government C. Defend provincial autonomy D. Respect provincial jurisdictions D1-100 Chapter 1 Secondary IV Reproduction permitted TC Media Books Inc.

Name: Group: Date: REVIEW Chapter 1

Name: Group: Date: REVIEW Chapter 1 REVIEW Chapter 1 REVIEW Textbook, pp. 360 361 1 What political change was introduced by the Act of Union? The legislative union of Upper and Lower Canada 2 What was the main demand of the Reform members