World History Unit 3 Benchmark Study Guide

Transcription

1 World History Unit 3 Benchmark Study Guide Name Period # Date Directions: Use the textbook to answer the questions below. Every question is directly correlated with the benchmark test that you must pass to receive your credits. Chapter 9 : The Industrial Revolution Page 283: Section 1 title: The Beginnings of Industrialization MAIN IDEA: The Industrial Revolution started in and soon spread to other countries. WHY IT MATTERS NOW: The changes that began in Britain for modern industrial societies. Page : What was the Industrial Revolution? Page 284: What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?. Page 284: Recognizing Effects: How did population growth spur the Industrial Revolution? Page 286: Summarizing: What inventions transformed the textile industry? Page 287: Describe the characteristics of an entrepreneur: Page : How did the steam engine affect industrial growth?. Page : By 1850, what new form of transportation had become nationwide in England?. Page 288: Synthesizing: How did improvements in transportation promote industrialization in Britain? 1

2 Page 288: SECTION 1 ASSESSMENT MAIN IDEAS 3. What were four factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain? 5. What American invention aided the British textile industry?. Section 1 Graphic Organizer The Beginnings of Industrialization Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects: As you read this section, make notes in the chart to explain how each factor listed contributed to an Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. 1. Agricultural revolution 2. Abundant natural resources 3. Political stability 4. Factors of production 5. Technological advances in the textile industry 6. Entrepreneurs 7. Building of factories 8. Railroad boom 2

3 Section 1 Reteaching Activity The Beginnings of Industrialization CHAPTER 9 Multiple Choice Choose the best answer for each item. Write the letter of your answer in the blank. 1. The increase in output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s was called a. feudalism. c. the Renaissance. b. the Reformation. d. the Industrial Revolution. 2. Effects of the agricultural revolution included all of the following except a. famine among the lower classes. c. small farmers being forced to become tenant farmers. b. new agricultural methods. d. the enclosure movement. 3. The practice of seeding fields with different crops each year and allowing a field to sometimes lie fallow is called a. crop rotation. c. the enclosure movement. b. the agricultural revolution. d. terraced farming. 4. The process of developing the machine production of goods is called a. mechanization. c. the technology revolution. b. industrialization. d. urbanization. 5. The factors of production include all of the following except a. land. c. computers. b. labor. d. capital. 6. The reaper that boosted wheat production in the United States was invented by a. Cyrus McCormick. c. I. M. Singer. b. Samuel Morse. d. Alexander Graham Bell. 7. A person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk on a business is called a. foreman. c. an entrepreneur. b. a tycoon. d. a robber baron. 8. The invention that spurred industrial growth by providing cheap means of transport was the a. automobile. c. macadam road. b. steamboat. d. railroad. 3

4 Chapter 9 : The Industrial Revolution Section 2: Industrialization CASE STUDY: Manchester MAIN IDEA: The system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of problems. WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Many less-developed countries are undergoing the process of industrialization today. Page 292: What happened to the costs of consumer goods as a result of the Industrial Revolution?. Section 2 Graphic Organizer Industrialization Case Study: Manchester Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects: As you read this case study, take notes to answer questions about how industrialization changed the way people lived and worked. What changes did industrialization bring about for the following groups of people? 1. Poor city dwellers 2. Factory workers 3.Wealthy merchants, factory owners, shippers 4. Children 5. Lower middle class of factory overseers and skilled workers 6. Large landowners and aristocrats 4

5 Section 2 Reteaching Activity Industrialization Case Study: Manchester Clarifying Write T in the blank if the statement is true. If the statement is false, write F in the blank and then write the corrected statement on the line below it. 1. Industrialization brought air and water pollution and unhealthy working conditions. 2. After 1800, the balance of population in England shifted toward increasing numbers moving to rural areas.. 3. Manchester became England s largest and most important city.. 4. Skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers formed a new upper class.. 5. The working class saw little improvement in their lives or working conditions, despite the new level of wealth in Britain. 6. The Luddites attacked factories and equipment because they believed that machines were putting them out of work. 7. Healthier diets, better housing, and cheaper, mass-produced clothing were all long-term benefits of industrialization. 8. Manchester became the center of the British mining industry. 9. The Factory Act of 1819 restricted working age and hours for children. 5

6 Chapter 9: The Industrial Revolution Section 3: Industrialization Spreads Page : What impact did technological advances have on the production of goods?. Page 290, 291, 299, : Summarize the major economic criticisms of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution?. Page 299: How did the Industrial Revolution shift the world balance of power? Section 4: Reforming the Industrial World MAIN IDEA: The Industrial Revolution led to, social, and political. WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Many modern social programs developed during this period of reform. Page 300: What are the key components in the free-market system? Page 300: What is the laissez-faire policy? Page 300: How did the philosophy of laissez-faire economics influence early industrialists? Page 301: Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations?. Page 302: What did socialists want the government to do:. Page : According to Marx and Engels, who should primarily control the factors of industrial production?. Page 303: What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto?. Page 303: Analyzing Key Concepts: In, progress occurs when people pursue their self-interest. In, progress occurs when the state is destroyed and a classless society emerges. 6

7 Chapter 9 Section 4 Reteaching Activity Reforming the Industrial World Determining Main Ideas Choose the word that most accurately completes each sentence below. Write that word in the blank provided. Adam Smith laissez faire Wilberforce collective bargaining Jane Addams communism Karl Marx Industrialization strike capitalism socialism unions 1. is the process of developing machine production of goods. 2. The economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference is known as. 3. wrote The Wealth of Nations and defended free markets. 4. is an economic system in which individuals and businesses own property and the means of production. 5. An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operated for the welfare of all is. 6. The German journalist who wrote The Communist Manifesto with Engels was. 7. was a form of complete socialism in which the means of production would be owned by the people and private property would cease to exist. 8. Voluntary associations of workers who pressed for reforms were called. 9. is a process of negotiation between workers and their employers. 10. A refusal to work by employees is called a. 11. led the fight for abolition in the British parliament. 12. established a settlement house in Chicago for the aid of women and children Chapter 10 Section 4 Title: Nineteenth Century Progress Page : Who was the American inventor and industrialist who made factory production more efficient by introducing the assembly line?. Page 330: Why was the work of Louis Pasteur important in the history of medicine?. 7

8 Page 331: What concept is the theory of evolution based on?. Page 331: According to Darwin, how does natural selection affect evolution? Study the following pages to answer the comprehensive question below: Page 303, 438: Explain Lenin's view of Communism,. Page 299: Clarifying: Why did imperialism grow out of industrialization? Page 317: Chapter 10 Section 2 Title: WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand are strong today, while Ireland is divided. Page 318: Why did Great Britain establish a penal colony in Australia?. Page 320: DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTIONS 1. Determining Main Ideas: What was the effect of the destruction of Ireland s potato crop on the population of Ireland?. 2. Clarifying: How did 18 percent of the population deal with the famine?. 3. Comparing: Which country received the most Irish emigrants?. Page 324 Chapter 10 Section 3 Title: War and in the United States Page 324: Explain the term "manifest destiny" and describe what it was used to justify:. Page 325: GEOGRAPHY SKILLBUILDER: Interpreting Maps 1. Movement: What was the first territory to be added to the United States after 1783? 8

9 . 2. Region: What present-day states were part of the Mexican Cession?. Page 336: Chapter 11 Title: The Age of Page 336: What is the title of the map?. How may countries colonized Africa?. Which country controlled India?. Which country controlled the Philippines?. Which two countries claimed most of Africa?. Page 339: Section 1 Title: The Scramble for Page 339: What stirred ambitions in many European nations?. Why did European countries want more resources?. Page 339: Define imperialism. Page 339, 342: What did European imperialists of the 1800s typically seek when they conquered a foreign country?. Page 341: Explain the relationship between Social Darwinism and imperialism: Page 342: What happened as a result of the Berlin Conference of ? Page 345: Section 2 Title: Page 346: Analyzing Key Concepts: Complete a Budget Vocabulary Matrix for the four forms of Imperialism in the top box: Colony, Protectorate, Sphere of Influence, Economic Imperialism. See Teacher for form. Page 347: What is paternalism and how did Europeans use this concept as policy?. 9

10 Page 347: What is assimilation and which nation adopted it and then largely abandoned the policy in Africa? Page : Why did the Maji Maji rebellion fail? Page 349: How did Menelik II keep colonial interests out of Ethiopia?. Page 350: What was the most harmful political legacy of European imperialism in Africa?. Page 350: What was one positive effect of colonialism in Africa? Page 352: Section 3 Title: Europeans Claim Lands Page 354: Who was involved in the building of the Suez Canal?. Page : Why did Britain take control of the Suez Canal?. Page 355: Read the caption about the Suez Canal in History in Depth : Why was the Suez Canal considered the lifeline of the British Empire?. Page 357: Section 4 Title: British Imperialism in Why It Matters Now: Indi a, the most populated nation in the world, some of its modern political institutions from the. Page 357: Why was India called the "jewel in the crown"?. Page 358: List three positive results of British colonialism in India: Page 359: What were the results of the Sepoy Mutiny?. Page 362: Section 5 Title: Imperialism in Asia Page 363: What set the stage for Vietnamese resistance against the French?. Page 364: Why did some U.S. business leaders want Hawaii to be annexed to the United States?. 10

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