WS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer

Transcription

1 WS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer Subject(s) Social Studies Conceptual Lenses Grade/Course American History 1 Expansion Unit of Study Unit 5: Westward Expansion (3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.4, 7.3, 8.2, 8.3) Migration Immigration Unit Title Manifest Destiny Pacing 13 days American Dream Unit Overview The fifth unit of American History 1 examines the growth of the United States as a result of Manifest Destiny and immigration through the lenses of expansion, migration, immigration, and the American Dream. Manifest Destiny Between 1803 and 1848 the United States expanded west beyond the Mississippi River providing opportunities for the pursuit of the American Dream ; however, it also revealed growing sectional differences sparked by the potential westward extension of slavery. Although people had begun to move west even from the early years of European settlement in America and during the early years of the Republic, the era of westward expansion began in earnest in the early to mid-19 th century. In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States and opened a vast new territory for settlement, which was explored by Lewis and Clark. Over the next several decades, the United States, spurred on by Manifest Destiny, continued to expand its land holdings. Through various treaties and negotiations, the United States successfully gained all territories making up the contiguous United States by The U.S. government encouraged settlement on these newly acquired territories by passing certain policies, like the Homestead Act. Unfortunately, American settlement of the West, as well as a growing population in the East, meant further discrimination towards American Indians. The passing of the Indian Removal Act and the creation of reservations greatly affected the culture of American Indians. Conflict as a Result of Manifest Destiny Expansion of the United States did not come without conflict. The annexation of Texas would lead to a border dispute between the United States and Mexico. The dispute would result in a controversial war with Mexico and the addition of new territory. The acquisition of new territories led to debates and compromises over the expansion of slavery. As a result, sectional tensions increased. Western Migration Causes and Effects Beginning in the 1840s, thousands of pioneers took a risk and migrated west looking for freedom and opportunity; the epitome of the American Dream. Despite the diverse backgrounds of westward settlers, the rustic living of the west required a lot of adaptation and perseverance, which resulted in a unique western identity. Northern and Midwestern Immigration Causes and Effects As westward settlers migrate to their new home front, thousands of European, particularly Irish and German, and Asian, predominately Chinese, immigrants begin to migrate to the United States. New technologies and innovations spurred the growth of industry in the North and Midwest. Opportunity

2 and freedom beckoned immigrants to the United States, where they worked at attaining their American Dream. While some immigrants settled in the West seeking fortunes in gold or finding work building the railroad, others settled in the East and Midwest, establishing distinct ethnic neighborhoods. They brought with them their cultural beliefs and traditions, which further shaped the cultural identity of the United States. Unfortunately, not everyone was pleased with the spike in immigration and nativist attitudes grew, which resulted in political and economic discrimination of immigrants. The United States grew in size and population as a result of Manifest Destiny. One would think this would help in developing a sense of patriotism and unity. But, the debate over immigration and the expansion of slavery into the new territories would only further the sectional tension within the country. Unit Enduring Understanding(s) 1. Expansion of a nation s territory can have positive and negative effects. 2. Nations often create policies to promote migration. 3. People will migrate or immigrate to new areas to improve their quality of life. 4. Migration and immigration can lead to cultural diffusion and conflict. 5. The pursuit of the American Dream can have varying outcomes. Unit Essential Question(s) 1. Why can territorial expansion have positive and negative outcomes for a country? 2. Why would a nation develop policies to promote migration? 3. Why are people willing to risk their lives to migrate or immigrate to new areas? 4. How can migration and immigration affect the culture of a nation or region? 5. Why does the pursuit of the American Dream have varying outcomes?

3 Essential State Standards Priority Objectives AH1.H.3.2 Explain how environmental, cultural, and economic factors influenced the patterns of migration and settlement within the U.S. before the Civil War. AH1.H.3.3 Explain the roles of various racial and ethnic groups in settlement and expansion through Reconstruction and the consequences for those groups. AH1.H.3.4 Analyze voluntary and involuntary immigration trends through Reconstruction in terms of causes, regions of origin and destination, cultural contributions, and public and governmental response. AH1.H.4.4 Analyze the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.7.3 Explain the impact of wars on American society and culture through Reconstruction. AH1.H.8.2 Explain how opportunity and mobility impacted various groups within American society through Reconstruction. AH1.H.8.3 Evaluate the extent to which a variety of groups and individuals have had opportunity to attain their perception of the American Dream. Supporting Objectives AH1.H.4.1 Analyze the political issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.4.2 Analyze the economic issues and conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.5.2 Explain how judicial, legislative and executive actions have affected the distribution o f power between levels of government from colonization through Reconstruction. AH1.H.6.1 Explain how economic and political interests helped set the direction of United States foreign policy from independence through Reconstruction. AH1.H.6.2 Explain the reasons for involvement in wars prior to Reconstruction and the influence each involvement had on international affairs. AH1.H.7.2 Explain the impact of wars on the American economy through Reconstruction. AH1.H.8.1 Analyze the relationship between innovation, economic development, progress, and various perceptions of the American Dream through Reconstruction. *Standards 1 (historical thinking) and 2 (turning points) are included in every unit.

4 Unpacked Concepts (students need to know) AH1.H.3.2 how environmental factors influenced the patterns of migration and settlement within the U.S. before the Civil War AH1.H.3.3 the roles of various racial and ethnic groups in settlement and expansion through Reconstruction and the consequences for those groups AH1.H.3.4 voluntary and involuntary immigration trends through Reconstruction in terms of causes, regions of origin and destination, cultural contributions, and public and governmental response AH1.H.4.4 the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted AH1.H.7.3 the impact of wars on American society and culture through Reconstruction AH1.H.8.2 how opportunity and mobility impacted various groups within American society through Reconstruction AH1.H.8.3 the extent to which a variety of groups and individuals have had opportunity to attain their Unpacked Skills (students need to be able to do) AH1.H.3.2 Explain (influence) AH1.H.3.3 Explain (roles and consequences) AH1.H.3.4 Analyze (trends) AH1.H.4.4 Analyze (impact) AH1.H.7.3 Explain (impact) AH1.H.8.2 Explain (impact) AH1.H.8.3 Evaluate (extent) COGNITION (RBT Level) AH1.H.3.2 Understanding AH1.H.3.3 Understanding AH1.H.3.4 Analyzing AH1.H.4.4 Analyzing AH1.H.7.3 Understanding AH1.H.8.2 Understanding AH1.H.8.3 Evaluating

5 perception of the American Dream Standard(s) Unit Chunking & Enduring Understandings Suggested Lesson Essential Questions Possible Factual Content (Bold Found in Standards) Example(s) From Unpacked Standard AH1.H.3.2 Explain how environmental, cultural, and economic factors influenced the patterns of migration and settlement within the U.S. before the Civil War. AH1.H.3.3 Explain the roles of various racial and ethnic groups in settlement and expansion through Reconstruction and the consequences for those groups. Manifest Destiny Nations often develop policies that help to expand and organize their land. How did the United States attempt to expand and organize its territories? Early Expansion Support for Manifest Destiny - government policies and action * Land Ordinance of 1785 * Northwest Ordinance of 1787 * Louisiana Purchase ~ Lewis and Clark expedition + Sacajawea - infrastructure * roads, canals, etc. - innovation * steamboats * railroads Resistance to Expansion - Native American * Tecumseh How government policies and action influenced the patterns of migration and settlement along the Western frontier.

6 Government policy can promote and direct the migration and settlement of people. A nation s expansion efforts can have negative consequences for some groups. How and to what extent did government policies and actions influence westward expansion? How did western settlement by Americans impact the culture of American Indians? Manifest Destiny - people s views * John O Sullivan * Andrew Jackson * James K. Polk - Government Policies and Action * Adams-Onis Treaty * Missouri Compromise * Mexican War * Gadsden Purchase * Kansas- Nebraska Act * Homestead Act * Treaty of 1818 ~ Oregon * or Fight - Native American Removal * Indian Removal Act ~ Cherokee Nation v. Georgia ~ Worcester v. Georgia * Trail of Tears ~ Elias Boudinot ~ Winfield Scott * Reservation System * impact on American Indian culture * assimilation How government policies and action influenced the patterns of migration and settlement along the Western frontier. How and why American Indians were forced to the Great Plains and eventually reservations by the mid-19 th Century and how that movement impacted American Indian culture.

7 AH1.H.3.3 Explain the roles of various racial and ethnic groups in settlement and expansion through Reconstruction and the consequences for those groups. AH1.H.7.3 Explain the impact of wars on American society and culture through Reconstruction. Conflicts as a Result of Manifest Destiny Territorial expansion can lead to war. War can lead to increased political and sectional tension. How did the idea of Manifest Destiny lead to the Mexican War? How did the Mexican War lead to increased political and sectional tension? Mexican War - attempt to avoid * James K. Polk ~ American Blood on American Soil ~ Spot Resolution - causes * expansionism * Manifest Destiny - result * Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo * sectionalism - cultural and societal impact of war * antiwar Sentiment ~ Henry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience * art, literature, music, language ~ reflection of nationalism, patriotism, and participation Texas Revolution - Stephen Austin - Sam Houston - Lone Star Republic Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Wilmot Proviso How and why political leaders and citizens adopted different tactics and justifications to oppose war at different times. How, why and to what extent the Mexican War invoked antiwar sentiment and sectionalism in the United States. How and to what extent nationalism, patriotism and participation in warfare was reflected in American art, literature, music, and language.

8 Territorial expansion can have unintended consequences. How did Westward expansion lead to increased sectional tension? Expansion of Slavery - Missouri Compromise - Compromise of Kansas- Nebraska Act - Free Soil Party - Wilmot Proviso How and to what extent the westward expansion of the United States influenced the spread of slavery. AH1.H.3.2 Explain how environmental, cultural, and economic factors influenced the patterns of migration and settlement within the U.S. before the Civil War. AH1.H.3.3 Explain the roles of various racial and ethnic groups in settlement and expansion through Reconstruction and the consequences for those groups. AH1.H.3.4 Analyze voluntary and involuntary immigration trends through Reconstruction Western Migration: Causes and Effects Individuals and groups willing to take risks can influence the settlement and expansion of a nation. The pursuit of the American Dream often requires risk. Why were people willing to take the risk to settle in the west? Why do people take risks in order to pursue the American Dream? Migration - involuntary migration * American Indians * patterns * influence ~ Indian Removal Act * impact - voluntary migration * westward settlers * patterns * origin and destination * influence ~ environmental ~ cultural/social ~ urban development ~ economic + Gold Rush ~ slavery ~ government + Homestead Act + Morrill Act ~ improve quality of life ~ freedom ~ prosperity ~ American Dream * risk * impact ~ agricultural Growth ~ cultural diffusion Opportunity and mobility on behalf of survival, perseverance and self-improvement can have both positive and negative impacts for various groups and their communities. How and to what extent government legislation encouraged westward movement and economic opportunity along the western frontier. How and to what extent the California gold rush benefited or harmed groups moving to western mining towns. To what extent westward movement and settlement of various groups fulfilled or denied the promises of freedom and prosperity along the frontier.

9 in terms of causes, regions of origin and destination, cultural contributions, and public and governmental response. AH1.H.4.4 Analyze the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.8.2 Explain how opportunity and mobility impacted various groups within American society through Reconstruction. AH1.H.8.3 Evaluate the extent to which a variety of groups and individuals have had opportunity to attain their perception of the American Dream. Diverse individuals and groups that settle into a particular region shape the culture and identity of that region. Northern and Midwestern Immigration and Migration: Causes and Effects New technology and industry can encourage immigration and migration. How did the settlement of different groups in the west shape the culture and identity of the region? How did the development of technology and industry encourage immigration and migration to the North and Midwest? Cultural Diversity in the West - groups * Mormons ~ Brigham Young * Homesteaders * 49ers * Mexicans / Hispanics * Asians * shape cultural identity of region ~ cultural diffusion + shape national identity + cause conflict - geography * affects settlement * affects culture Immigration - patterns - origin and destination - influences * environmental * cultural/social * urban development * new technology * economic ~ Industrial Revolution + jobs ~ Gold Rush ~ government + Homestead Act + Morrill Act * improve quality of life ~ freedom ~ prosperity To what extent the nation s territorial expansion westward led to cultural diffusion and conflict between various groups. How the belief in Manifest Destiny and the nation s territorial expansion westward led to cultural diffusion and conflict between various groups. The development of technology and industry encourages immigration, urban development, and ethnic diversity. How and to what extent the emergence of industry and commerce in the North and Midwest led to increased opportunities for migrants/immigrants by the mid-19 th Century.

10 ~ American Dream * risk * impact ~ industrial growth ~ cultural diffusion ~ nativism Immigrants often face discrimination. Why did nativism develop and how did it affect immigrants? Nativism - participants * Know Nothing Party * Order of the Star Spangled Banner - strategies * degree of Success * political cartoons ~ Thomas Nast Harper s Weekly * opposition ~ 48ers - results * discrimination * stereotypes * Naturalization Act of reasons * immigration ~ Scots-Irish ~ Irish ~ German ~ Asian * cultural diffusion The extent to which various racial and ethnic groups who aided in the settlement and expansion of the United States were either accepted or discriminated against. How and to what extent various groups of 19 th Century immigrants were subjected to political and economic discrimination, as well as, cultural stereotypes. How nativism and anti-immigrant behaviors influenced various groups of immigrants and the United States. Expansion can often highlight and intensify existing sectional and political tensions. How did Manifest Destiny intensify sectional tensions in the United States? Regional Diversity - North * economic ~ industry * people/issues ~ immigrants + Irish + German ~ slavery Expansion and settlement in the absence of governmental authority, power and law can lead to open cultural conflict and rebellion.

11 - South * economic ~ plantations * people/issues ~ slavery - West * economic ~ agriculture * people/issues ~ western settlers ~ immigrants + Chinese ~ 49ers ~ slavery *Standards 1 (historical thinking) and 2 (turning points) are included in every unit. i.e.: How was the Louisiana Purchase a turning point in American History? HISTORY Conflict National Identity War GEOGRAPHY Movement Region Settlement Patterns CIVICS & GOVERNMENT Freedom ECONOMICS Opportunity Costs Standard of Living CULTURE Culture Diffusion Diversity Ethnicity Technology Values and Beliefs Language Objective EXAMPLES

12 Historical Thinking and Geography Skill Resources Straight Ahead Uphill Mountainous Historical Thinking Geography Skills General Unit Resources. Straight Ahead Uphill Mountainous Gadsden Purchase: Additional resources will be listed here as unit development continues. Additional resources will be listed here as unit development continues. Text differentiation symbols: Texts will be categorized in teacher resource documents as Straight Ahead (less challenging for struggling readers), Uphill (having some challenging words and more complex sentence structure that is appropriate for on-grade level readers), or Mountainous (containing challenging vocabulary, complex sentences, and more abstract ideas).