American War Council Background Guide
|
|
- Janice Griffin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Background Guide EagleMUNC Boston College Model United Nations Conference Chair: Monica Sax Website: March
2 Letters from the Secretariat Delegates, It is my distinct pleasure to welcome you to EagleMUNC V! My name is Kerianne DiBattista, and I am the Secretary-General of EagleMUNC V. I am a senior at Boston College in the Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences majoring in International Studies with a concentration in Economics. I am originally from Long Island, NY, and I have been participating in Model UN conferences since I was in tenth grade, rising to become Head Delegate and Secretary-General of my high school conference. At BC, I travelled to several conferences with our MUN team and I have participated EagleMUNC since my freshman year. As you begin your EagleMUNC V experience, I implore you to explore the conference theme, "The Interplay of Power and Ethics," and make your EagleMUNC experience the best it can be! Thank you, and I'll see you at EagleMUNC! Best Regards, Kerianne DiBattista Secretary-General, EagleMUNC V Dear Delegates, It is my great pleasure to welcome you to EagleMUNC V! My name is Jack Massih and I am the Under Secretary-General of Political Affairs. I am a senior at Boston College studying Political Science and Economics. I began participating in MUN my sophomore year of high school and have been hooked ever since. I joined the EagleMUNC team as a freshman for the first year we moved off BC s campus and into Boston, and it has been a joy to witness the conference continuously grow and evolve since then. The Political Affairs team has been working incredibly hard to prepare for the most innovative and exciting conference in EagleMUNC history. I am looking forward to seeing all of your creative and thoughtful responses to the diplomatic predicaments and crises you confront over the weekend. Best, Jack Massih Under Secretary-General Political Affairs, EagleMUNC V
3 COMMITTEE TOPIC BACKGROUND GUIDE Introduction Hello, Delegates and Welcome to EagleMUNC V! My name is Monica Sax, and I will be the chair of this committee. Let me begin by telling you a little about myself: I am a sophomore at Boston College studying Economics in the Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences. I got involved in Model UN in high school and participated in 10+ college conferences over my 4 years. I joined EagleMUNC IV my first week on campus and was part of the simulation staff last year. I hope to be able to bring you an experience like no other this year. As you step into rolls as generals, presidents, and politicians, you have the opportunity to direct this war in any direction you think best. We will be keeping with the conference theme of The Interplay of Power and Ethics. You will have to decide whether your actions in war are ethical, based on the balance of power as it stands. Your critical thinking skills, ingenuity, creativity and adaptability will be put to the test, but the most important aspect to remember is to enjoy your time during committee. I doubt that there will ever be a dull moment. I speak for myself and for all of the EagleMUNC staff when I say that we are all looking forward to meeting you! If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact me via the address listed above. All of the best and good luck! Your Chair, Monica Sax
4 Historical Background American-Mexican Relationship The Republic of Mexico and The United States of America are nations on the verge of full blown war. This has not always been the case. Their relationship was first solidified in the early years of the United States as an independent nation, when Mexico was still a territory of Spain. In 1819, the two nations signed the Adams-Onís Treaty 1, which established the border between the U.S. and Mexico. This treaty was necessary because of the Louisiana Purchase a mere 16 years previously, as it expanded U.S. territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Shortly thereafter, in 1821 Mexico won it s independence from Spain 2. Their relationship was further strengthened in 1823 when Mexico offered land in their territory of Texas to nearby Americans, in an effort to populate and settle the area. Manifest Destiny Little did the Mexican government know that this would prove a source of contention in the near future. Beginning with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, before the time when John O Sullivan coined the term Manifest Destiny 3 in 1845, it was widely 1 U.S.- Mexican War " 2 U.S.- Mexican War " 3 O'Sullivan, John L. "Our Manifest Destiny."
5 accepted that the expansion of the United States was the way to fulfill the destiny of the Unite States. Many Americans saw themselves and their institutions of freedom and self-government as key to any society. Spreading these institutions across the continent became an essential duty to be carried out by the people and the government. The Louisiana Purchase was the beginning, doubling the size of the U.S. and expanding its reach to the west. Later came the Monroe Doctrine, 4 which charged the U.S. with managing the entire Western Hemisphere, and that included managing Mexico and the nation s shared borders. The creation of the Santa Fe Trail 5 was initially merely an exploration of new lands. It became, however, a way to enter into Mexican territory, with Americans settling and furthering trade in that area. The situation in Texas was even more extreme. With only 2,500 Mexicans 6 in northern Texas to begin with, the Americans in Texas quickly outnumbered them. The Texans weren t merely temporary settlers, but Americans who were moving cross-country to spread American values. They moved because of the invitation, but never with the intention of becoming Mexican citizens. 4 Monroe, James. 5 U.S.- Mexican War " 6 U.S.- Mexican War "
6 Texas and the Treaty of Velasco The Mexican central government decided that the Texans were too out of control and were determined to put a stop to them. As Texas would technically be a slave permissible territory according to the Missouri Compromise of the United States, Americans had been bringing slaves with them when they settled. To try to stem the flow of Americans, Mexico revised its constitution in 1835 to outlaw slavery 7. Instead of bringing it further under Mexican control, Texas declared independence 8. President General Antonio López de Santa Anna led his army to quell the revolution. They won the Battle of the Alamo 9, slaughtering all of the Texan defenders at the Catholic mission. This slaughter enraged Americans and Texas settlers alike, causing many to join the Texan army. Led by Sam Houston, the Texans managed to defeat the Mexican army in the Battle of San Jacinto 10. General Santa Anna ordered his troops to retreat past the Rio Grande, right before his own capture. The Treaty of Velasco 11 soon followed. This treaty gave Texas independence from Mexico, 7 U.S.- Mexican War " 8 Nance, Joseph M. "Republic of Texas." 9 Nance, Joseph M. "Republic of Texas." 10 U.S.- Mexican War " 11 The Treaties of Velasco."
7 and drew the border between the two nations at the Rio Grande. Though the Texans were technically free, the rest of the Mexican government failed to recognize the validity of the treaty, saying Santa Anna had no authority to sign it. If anything, they claimed, the Texan territory extended only to the Nueces River. Despite the conflict, or possibly because of it, Texas agreed to become an American state in 1845, after only 9 years as an independent nation. In the annexation resolution, there was no reference to the borders of Texas, as the United States saw the Treaty of Velasco as a clear and legitimate documentation of borders. Post Annexation of Texas U.S. president James K. Polk became president the same year (1845). As a heavy proponent of Manifest Destiny, his inaugural speech 12 centered around extending dominions of peace. Yet the annexation of Texas did exactly the opposite. Only 30 days after sending Texas the proposal, the Mexican ambassador to the U.S. returned 13 to Mexico under unfriendly terms. As Mexico had never accepted the terms of the Treaty of Velasco, they also did not view the annexation of Texas as valid. Yet at this time, the United States was a much stronger nation than Mexico. In 1844, President Santa Anna was overthrown by General José Joaquín de Herrera 14. The United States was stronger economically, militarily, and politically, if only because they were more closely united and not divided into factions. With this in mind, Polk sent General 12 Polk, James K. 13 U.S.- Mexican War " 14 U.S.- Mexican War "
8 Zachary Taylor and Commodore David Conner to Mexico. 15 Their locations, though nearby the land of contention, were not meant as an act of war but meant to act as a warning to President Herrera should he become more antagonistic or belligerent. Secret Diplomacy Polk understood the power dynamic between his nation and Mexico. Realizing that his power was stronger, he sent diplomat John Slidell 16 to Mexico to buy the territory comprising present day New Mexico and California. If President Herrera agreed to this deal, it was also assumed he would recognize the southern border of Texas as the Rio Grande, as opposed to the Nueces River. But this all occurred in secret, so as to not provoke the already agitated Mexican citizens. Unfortunately for both parties, the press found out before the meeting could happen. Fearing repercussions from his people, Herrera refused to meet with Slidell. In January 1846, Herrera was thrown out of office after another coup and General Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga became president 17. Slidell had little success with him either, and returned in March 18 without an agreement. Tensions continued to rise after this as American General Taylor moved his armies past the Nueces River to Veracruz at the Rio Grande 19. It should be noted that the political instability in Mexico during its first four decades of independence has given the United States the advantage. Between 1821 and 1846, four 15 U.S.- Mexican War " 16 Mexican-American War." School Britannica. 17 U.S.- Mexican War " 18 U.S.- Mexican War " 19 Mexican-American War." School Britannica.
9 types of government were tried: a monarchy in 1822, a federal republic in 1824, and two forms of a centralized republic, one of which was in 1836 and the other in Within each type of government there have been coups. The political instability within Mexico, caused in part by an out of touch intellectual elite ruling class, has made it difficult for the public to endorse the war or have faith in their leaders. This is a detrimental combination inside a country going to war. Nueces Strip and Thornton Affair The area between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River is approximately 150 miles. It is this strip that is the source of contention between the two nations, as the border was never commonly agreed upon. After General Taylor moved his armies to the Rio Grande in April 1846, the Mexicans decided to begin fighting back. 21 General Mariano Arista arrived at the Rio Grande and immediately took command of the Mexican forces. He sent a contingent of cavalry 2, strong across the river. This group then encountered an American scouting party of only 70 men. The Mexican units attacked mercilessly and only due to strong training did most of the Americans manage to 20 U.S.- Mexican War " 21 U.S.- Mexican War " 22 U.S.- Mexican War "
10 escape. 16 men were killed 23 and more wounded by the time the scouting party returned to Fort Texas. General Taylor wrote to Polk soon afterward, informing him hostilities have commenced. 24 Siege of Fort Texas The Siege of Fort Texas began on May 3 rd, The Mexican army surrounded the Americans at Fort Texas over the course of 160 hours. Six days later, on May 8 th, General Taylor arrived with 2,400 troops 26, ending the siege. He pursued the Mexican army as they fled, chasing after them with mounted artillery. The committee begins on May 9 th, 1846, leaving you to deal with the fallout of this event. All events up until that day in history may be taken as fact, however future events are subject to change. How you react has the potential to shape the course of the war. Keep in mind your action needs to be fast, as the Mexican committee will be working against you. Current Issues United States Current Affairs Despite its current tumultuous relationship with the Mexican government, the United States does have better relationships with other foreign nations. France, for example, has been a U.S. ally for its entire existence as a nation. They supported the 23 Mexican-American War." School Britannica. 24 U.S.- Mexican War " 25 "The Siege of Fort Texas." 26 U.S.- Mexican War "
11 Americans in their revolutionary war, as well as in their fight against the British and Indians in Furthermore, they allowed Americans to purchase the Louisiana Territory in 1803, doubling American land on the continent. Americans have also made treaties with Russia and Spain, allowing for the same thing. At the present moment, however, the United States relationship with the British is strained. Since 1818, Britain and the United States have co-populated the area known as the Oregon Territory. 27 Yet due to the ever-expanding sense of manifest destiny, Polk has determined that the whole land, up to the latitude line of 54 degrees, 40 minutes ought to belong to the United States. The British, in response, have determined that the whole territory should likewise belong to them. Polk has been engaging in talks with Queen Victoria in an effort to resolve the situation, and he is very close to achieving a compromise, which would split the territory at the 49 th parallel. 28 Hopefully this will be accepted later this year. Division in the Nation The division between the North and South over slavery is a largely factors into whether people support the country entering a war. President Polk has yet to issue a declaration of war against Mexico and Congress has yet to verify anything. Most democrats 29 and southerners favor entering the conflict, as it would give them more space to expand and add one or more new slave states. This would give them more 27 Miller Center of Public Affairs 28 ushistory.org 29 Mexican-American War."
12 power in Congress, which they strongly desire. Whigs and abolitionists, on the other hand, look down on the conflict for the same reason. Whigs especially accuse Polk of picking a fight, and are unwilling to acknowledge the Mexican contention over the official border between the two states. Their worries can be defined in their greatest fear: slave power. This refers to the power that southern states gain if these potential territories are allowed become to become slave-holding states. The South, with its smaller population, would control a disproportionate voting bloc in Congress and be able to exert its power in other areas of government policy 30. This would overwhelm the voices of abolitionists and other Northerners. This internal struggle of adding more free or slave states represents a serious threat to the peace and unity of the United States. The balance of power is now relatively equal, but it could turn at any point. But should the United States win the territory it is after, the question of whether the land will become free or enslaved remains to be seen. How to Proceed: Military, Economic, and Political Difficulties The United States, if it declares war, will also have to think about how to raise an army of stronger numbers and dedicated soldiers. Currently, the U.S. Army is a small group, with many of its leaders and soldiers either too elderly or too inexperienced 31 to do so much good. The militia, a second part of a possible force, is only allowed to fight on U.S. soil and can serve for only 90 days, meaning the army will have to grow and shrink every three months. 30 Cummins, Joseph 31 U.S.- Mexican War
13 Economically, the nation will have to figure out how to fund a war. Wars are expensive and there must be programs created to pay soldiers, create strong supply lines, and provide everything the soldiers need. Wars are a drain on finances and it is unwise to allow war to destroy an entire economy. In addition to the military and economic difficulties, the strong difference in the support of the conflict between the Democrats and Whigs in Congress will remain an issue. Working to convince the sides to work together, not just within Congress, but within the committee itself is going to be difficult. Majority rules, but bipartisan efforts are strongly encouraged. Positions Position/Rank Name Party President James Polk Southern Democrat Vice-President George M. Dallas Northern Democrat Secretary of State James Buchanan Northern Democrat Secretary of the Treasury Robert J. Walker Northern Democrat Secretary of War William L. Marcy Northern Democrat Secretary of the Navy John Y. Mason Southern Democrat General Winfield Scott Southern Whig General Zachary Taylor Southern Whig Major General John C. Freemont Southern Whig Brigadier General Stephen Watts Kearny Northern Apolitical Brigadier General Joseph Lane Southern Democrat Brigadier General Franklin Pierce Northern Democrat Colonel William J. Worth Northern Apolitical Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Childs Northern Apolitical Commander William B. Ide Northern Apolitical Commodore John D. Sloat Northern Apolitical Commodore Robert F. Stockton Northern Democrat Commodore David Conner Northern Apolitical Commodore Matthew C. Perry Northern Apolitical
14 Questions to Consider 1. Does the intersection of power and ethics enter into your position at all, and is it something you believe in? 2. Given your political opinions, do you support the war whole-heartedly or will you try and subvert the efforts? 3. What is the best way to raise a competent army in a short amount of time with minimal funding? 4. Given the distance of Texas, what is the best way to keep supply trains running and protected? 5. Is manifest destiny a justification or a valid reason to go to war?
15 Works Cited Cummins, Joseph. "How Did the Issue of Slavery Affect the Debate Over the War with Mexico?" Demand Media. Accessed 09/04, html. James K. Polk." Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Accessed 08/31, Life Before the Presidency. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Accessed 08/31, Mexican-American War." School Britannica. Accessed 08/31, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. "James K. Polk: Foreign Affairs.". Accessed 09/04, Monroe, James. "Monroe Doctrine." Accessed 08/31, Nance, Joseph M. "Republic of Texas." Texas State Historical Association. Accessed 08/31, Nueces Strip. Wikipedia. Accessed 08/31, O'Sullivan, John L. "Our Manifest Destiny." Annals of American History. Accessed 08/31, Polk, James K. "Inaugural Address of James Knox Polk." Yale Law School Lillian Goldman Law Library. Accessed 08/31, Reaffirmation of the Monroe Doctrine." Annals of American History. Accessed 08/31, "The Siege of Fort Texas." Accessed 09/01, The Treaties of Velasco." Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Accessed 08/31, Trial Map." Santa Fe Trail Association. Accessed 08/31, ushistory.org. "54 40' Or Fight." U.S. History Online Textbook. Accessed 09/04, United State Mexico Division." PBS. Accessed 08/31, U.S.- Mexican War " PBS. Accessed 08/31,
MANIFEST DESTINY, THE OREGON TRAIL, AND THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR
What do you see? MANIFEST DESTINY, THE OREGON TRAIL, AND THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand its territory over the whole
More informationTexas and the Mexican War PowerPoint Notes
Name: _ Date: Texas Texas and the Mexican War PowerPoint Notes 1. 1821 The first settlers from the arrive from looking for. 2. At this time, Texas was a part of. 3. Within ten years, there were more in
More informationLevel 2. Manifest Destiny and the Acquisition of Land
Level 2 Manifest Destiny and the Acquisition of Land Vocabulary Sectionalism: a loyalty to a section of the country instead of the nation itself Diplomats: a person appointed by a government to conduct
More informationLevel 1. Manifest Destiny and the Addition of Land
Level 1 Manifest Destiny and the Addition of Land Vocabulary Sectionalism: a loyalty to a section of the country instead of the nation itself Diplomats: a person appointed by a government to conduct negotiations
More information16.1 The Mexican War
16.1 The Mexican War Fighting Breaks Out The border conflict arose from tensions between Mexico and the United States after the annexation of Texas and the signing of the Texas Admission Act on December
More informationName Period November 3-Test. 1. After touring Texas, what was Mier y Teran s greatest concern? Page 219
Name Period November 3-Test Chapters 9-12 Review Texas Revolution Answer the following questions: Chapter 9-The Road to Revolution Lesson One-Difficulties with Mexico 1. After touring Texas, what was Mier
More informationAlan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e. Chapter Thirteen: The Impending Crisis
Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e Introduction Territorial Growth Manifest Destiny Expanding Settlement, 1810-1850 2 Looking Westward Manifest Destiny Racial Justification 5 D s-dollars,defense,deity,destiny,
More information2. Anglo Americans were the most supportive of Texas independence.
Republic of Texas and Statehood Study Guide Houston focused on ensuring peace especially with Native Americans A tariff a tax on imported goods to encourage the purchase of the nation made goods. Continued
More informationSpring Final Review TEXAS HISTORY
Spring Final Review TEXAS HISTORY Immigration to Mexico from U.S. Mexican General Mier y Teran warned of the growing American influence in East Texas. He recommended: increasing trade between TX and Mexico.
More informationKey Concept 4.3, I: The US needed a foreign policy and an expansion policy
Key Concept 4.3, I: The US needed a foreign policy and an expansion policy Key Concept 4.3: U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade, expanding its national borders, and isolating itself from European
More informationVUS.6.b: Expansion Filled In
Name: Date: Period: VUS6b: Expansion Filled In Notes VUS6b: Expansion 1 Objectives about Expansion and the Coming of the Civil War VUS6 VUS7 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events from
More informationTexas Wins Independence. Chapter 13 Section 2 Pages
Texas Wins Independence Chapter 13 Section 2 Pages 351-355 355 I. Americans in Mexican Texas A. Since the early 1800s the Spanish colony called Texas was longed after by many Americans for its rich farming
More informationFlorida Notes. had colonized Florida in the late 1500 s By the 1800 s the population of Florida was diverse with and
Florida Notes Florida had colonized Florida in the late 1500 s By the 1800 s the population of Florida was diverse with and Attempt at Diplomacy Jefferson sent in 1804 to Spain to attempt to buy Florida
More informationTexas, Oregon and the War with Mexico
Texas, Oregon and the War with Mexico Texas Settlement Revolt and Independence General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna The Alamo Annexation Jackson and Van Buren Tyler Maine Border dispute between rival lumber
More informationTexas Independence
Texas Independence Introduction WARM UP: Some Canadians are angry that the state of Maine, prominently located between Quebec and New Brunswick, is part of the United States, and should be given up to
More informationCONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION Bill of Rights in Action Winter 2004 (20:1) Conflict of Cultures
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION Bill of Rights in Action Winter 2004 (20:1) Conflict of Cultures BRIA 20:1 Home President Polk and the Taking of the West Muslim Conquests in Europe The Rise of Islamist
More informationUNIT 5, PART 3. Expansion and Reform ( )
UNIT 5, PART 3 Expansion and Reform (1801 1850) WHIG PARTY 1) New political party formed in 1834 2) Organized to oppose Pres. Andrew Jackson s Democratic Party policies 3) Was formed by members of the
More informationCause and Effect The Mexican-American War. Objective : Determining the causes of the Mexican American War
Cause and Effect The Mexican-American War Objective : Determining the causes of the Mexican American War U.S.-Mexico Disputes The Annexation of Texas by the U.S. angered the Mexican Government. Mexico
More informationEOC Test Preparation: Expansion and the Antebellum Period
EOC Test Preparation: Expansion and the Antebellum Period Territorial Expansion Northwest Territory, Northwest Ordinance Guidelines on how new states could be admitted Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan,
More informationWelcome to 7 th Grade Texas History!
Welcome to 7 th Grade Texas History! Natural Texas and People Age of Contact Spanish Colonial The Battle of San Jacinto & Texas Independence Mexican National 10/16/17 Revolution and Republic Early Statehood
More informationMain idea: Americans moved west, energized by their belief in the rightful expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
VUS.6.b: Expansion Objectives p. 002 VUS.6The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events from the last decade of the eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth century by b)
More informationAgenda for Monday/Tuesday. CNN 10 Westward Expansion Notes Manifest Destiny Map Assignment
Agenda for Monday/Tuesday CNN 10 Westward Expansion Notes Manifest Destiny Map Assignment Learning Objectives I can describe the treaties such as the Adams-Onis treaty and/or the Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo
More informationManifest Destiny and Its Legacy Chapter 18
Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy 1841-1848 Chapter 18 Introduction Territorial expansion dominated politics and diplomacy in the 1840s Disputes over Oregon, Texas, California Acquisition of new territory
More informationThe United States Expands West. 1820s 1860s
The United States Expands West 1820s 1860s Georgia Standards SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing northsouth divisions and westward expansion. a. Explain how slavery became
More informationMANIFEST DESTINY. Chapter 17
MANIFEST DESTINY Chapter 17 Territorial Expansion in 1840s Dominated US diplomacy and politics Settlers in Oregon Country provoked conflict with Britain Annexation of Texas caused problems with Mexico
More informationChapter 11, Section 3 The Mexican-American War. Pages
Chapter 11, Section 3 The Mexican-American War Pages 354-363 Mexican independence set the stage for conflict and change in the West and Southwest. At the same time, American settlers continued to move
More informationChapter 12 Territorial And Economic Expansion,
Chapter 12 Territorial And Economic Expansion, 1830-1860 Manifest Destiny was the belief the U.S. had a God given mission to spread its civilization by conquest to the entire western hemisphere no matter
More informationLecture: Going West. Learning Target 1: I can describe why people wanted to move west.
Lecture: Going West Learning Target 1: I can describe why people wanted to move west. Learning Target 2: I can describe the two conflicts with Mexico. I-Expansion to the Pacific A-Manifest Destiny: Belief
More informationMANIFEST DESTINY WESTWARD EXPANSION
MANIFEST DESTINY WESTWARD EXPANSION DONE IN STAGES Up to 1776 East Coast Colonies After 1783 E. of Mississippi R. Treaty of Paris (HL) After 1787 G.Lakes & Ohio R. Valley Ordinance of 1787 (HL) After 1803
More informationWashington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, and Polk Presidencies
Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, and Polk Presidencies 1. George Washington (1789-1797) - Created a cabinet of advisors 1. Secretary of War - Henry Knox 2. Secretary of the Treasury - Alexander
More informationTexas Revolution and Independence Guided Notes
Texas Revolution and Independence Guided Notes Era Code Rev Student Expectations 1. Trace the development of events that led to the Texas Revolution 2. Explain the roles played by significant individuals
More informationAPUSH Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy
Brandon Wolfe Period 0 APUSH Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy SH 1: The Accession of Tyler Too POTUS William Henry Harrison was expected to differ his power to Daniel Webster (secretary of state)
More informationSectionalism The Mexican American War and the Kansas Nebraska Act. APUSH Period 5 Notes
Sectionalism The Mexican American War and the Kansas Nebraska Act APUSH Period 5 Notes Key Concept 5.2.II A&B Intensified by expansion and depending regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic,
More informationAmerican Military History, Topic 5: The Mexican-American War and James K. Polk s Request for War (1846)
Background: James K. Polk fought the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) to expand the territorial boundaries of the United States, and, by 1848, the president had completed almost the entire present-day
More informationName: Date: Period: VUS.6.b: Expansion. Notes VUS.6.b: Expansion 1
Name: Date: Period: VUS6b: Expansion Notes VUS6b: Expansion 1 Objectives about Expansion and the Coming of the Civil War VUS6 VUS7 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events from the last
More informationSSUSH8 Explore the relationship
SSUSH8 Explore the relationship between slavery, growing northsouth divisions, and westward expansion that led to the outbreak of the Civil War. a. Explain the impact of the Missour i Compromise on the
More informationManifest Destiny and Its Legacy
Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy 1841-1848 Harrison & Tyler Harrison contracted pneumonia & died after serving only 4 weeks (Curse of Tecumseh) Shortest administration John Tyler Accidental President Closet
More informationPolk s War. Anthony Flores. Senior Division Historical Paper. Length: 2500
Polk s War Anthony Flores Senior Division Historical Paper Length: 2500 1 Anthony Flores 12/6/17 History III An event often overlooked in American history is the Mexican-American war. The Mexican-American
More informationManifest Destiny American Progress by John Gast, 1872
Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 1860 1. New intellectual and religious movements. 2. Social reforms. 3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4. Re-emergence of a second party system
More informationMexico s Independence Mexico declared its independence from Spain on September 16, 1810 The Mexican war for independence then lasted from
Mexico s Independence Mexico declared its independence from Spain on September 16, 1810 The Mexican war for independence then lasted from 1810-1821. Texas was the north-east territory of Mexico. Few people
More informationPFigure 19. Manifest Destiny. Section1. Timeline
Section1 Manifest Destiny As you read, look for: the concept of Manifest Destiny, the annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and vocabulary terms: manifest destiny, Wilmot Proviso, and Compromise
More informationWestern Expansion
Western Expansion 1830-1860 Essential Question Evaluate the extent to which western expansion contributed to maintaining continuity as well as fostered change with regard to growing sectional tensions
More informationWhy Texas Wanted Independence from Mexico
Why Texas Wanted Independence from Mexico By Christopher Minster, ThoughtCo.com on 10.11.17 Word Count 1,559 Level MAX The Battle of San Jacinto, which saw the capture of Mexican President Santa Anna,
More informationQ3/Q4 Sectionalism Vocab
Q3/Q4 Sectionalism Vocab North: Industrial Revolution Sectionalism: loyalty to one region (section) of the country rather than the whole country Industrial Revolution: period of rapid growth in the use
More informationA. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below.
AP U.S. History Mr. Pondy Name Chapter 17 Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy, 1841-1848 A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately
More informationUS History, Ms. Brown Website: dph7history.weebly.com
Course: US History/Ms. Brown Homeroom: 7th Grade US History Standard # Do Now Day #107 Aims: SWBAT identify the causes of the Mexican-American War SWBAT identify two different perspectives on the Mexican-American
More informationExpansion, Nationalism,& Sectionalism ( )
Expansion, Nationalism,& Sectionalism (1800-1865) President Adams John Adams was Washington s VP Adams ran for election in 1796 and won He faced 2 difficult tasks: war from abroad & growing political party
More informationTrends in Antebellum America:
Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 1. New intellectual and religious movements. 2. Social reforms. 3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4. Re-emergence of a second party system and
More informationTHE TEXAS CONSTITUTION PART I
THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION PART I Half the ballot items are ridiculous because they deal with doing away with a constable s position in Erath County or somewhere and the other half no one can understand because
More informationChapter 6 Steps Toward Revolution:
Lone Star: The Story of Texas Chapter 6 Steps Toward Revolution: 1827-1836 Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Lone Star:
More informationManifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny 1803-1854 Helped by elimination of property qualifications to vote Rebellion in Texas Americans moving to Texas 1823 Resented Mexican rule 1830 ban slavery Catholicism national religion
More informationTexas: Prelude to Civil War Teresa Goodin. Contextual Essay: Essential Question:
Texas: Prelude to Civil War Teresa Goodin Contextual Essay Essential Question: How did the settling and annexation of Texas impact American foreign relations, politics and the growing sectionalism between
More informationMadison & Monroe. Presidencies
James James Madison & Monroe Presidencies Where we are March 1797: President John Adams takes office. 1796-1800: XYZ Affair, Quasi-War with France, Alien & Sedition Acts, VA & KY Resolutions 1801-1804:
More informationThe American Pageant Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy
The American Pageant Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy 1841-1848 Battle of Buena Vista, by Samuel Chamberlain, 1847 Battle of Buena Vista, by Samuel Chamberlain, 1847 An American private, Samuel
More informationCHAPTER 13. LOOKING WESTWARD
CHAPTER 13. LOOKING WESTWARD Objectives: o We will study the concept of Manifest Destiny and its influence on the nation through the 1840s and beyond. o We will study the origin of the Republic of Texas
More informationEighth Grade Social Studies United States History Course Outline
Crossings Christian School Academic Guide Middle School Division Grades 5-8 Eighth Grade Social Studies Chapter : Early Exploration of the Americas How do new ideas change the way people live? Why do people
More informationHonors History Unit 5: Expanding Markets and Manifest Destiny!
2016-17 Honors History Unit 5: Expanding Markets and Manifest Destiny! Calendar 1 BLUE Friday 2.10 In Class: Wrapping up Unit 4 - Immigration 1 White Wednesday 2.15 Homework: Assignment 1 1 BLUE Thursday
More informationIssues Faced By the Republic of Texas
Grade 7, Unit: 06 Lesson: 04 Issues Faced By the Republic of Texas 1836-1845 Grade 7 Unit 6, Lesson 4 President Houston 1836-1838, 1841-1844 Frontier bold and popular First president of Texas Limited government
More informationChapter 13 - The Impending Crisis 11/17/2013
Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 1. New intellectual and religious movements. 2. Social reforms. 3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4. Re-emergence of a second party system and
More informationTHE FIRST 350-ISH YEARS:
REVIEW AMERICAN HISTORY TUBBS THE FIRST 350-ISH YEARS: from the AGE OF COLUMBUS thru the SECTIONALISM CRISIS OF THE 1850s DIRECTIONS. Indicate the single best response, according to information provided
More informationAP U.S. History Unit 5 Exam. Name: Date: Choose the best of the answers given
AP U.S. History Unit 5 Exam Name: Date: Choose the best of the answers given 1. President Polk's claim that American blood [had been shed] on the American soil referred to news of an armed clash between
More informationManifest Destiny. Trends in Antebellum America: First coined by newspaper editor, John O Sullivan in 1845.
Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 1. New intellectual and religious movements. 2. Social reforms. 3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4. Re-emergence of a second party system and
More informationUNIT 4: EXPANSION & REFORM LESSON 4.1: EFFECTS OF MANIFEST DESTINY & INDUSTRIALIZATION
UNIT 4: EXPANSION & REFORM LESSON 4.1: EFFECTS OF MANIFEST DESTINY & INDUSTRIALIZATION ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does expansion and industrialization contribute to growing sectionalism within the United States
More informationBook Review: A Country of Vast Designs. John Vanderkeyl. Teaching American History Grant
Book Review: A Country of Vast Designs John Vanderkeyl Teaching American History Grant September 2 nd, 2011 In studying American history, as in any particular subject, there seems to be segments that go
More informationTexas. Remember the Alamo
Texas Remember the Alamo Americans in Texas Stephen Austin Moses Austin Made agreement with Spanish that American s could move there Americans Promised to become Mexican Citizens and Catholics Stephen
More informationList 4 observations of this picture
Westward Expansion List 4 observations of this picture Manifest Destiny What does destiny mean? the hidden power believed to control what will happen in the future spiritual fate Manifest Destiny It is
More informationCivil War 10/25/2018. The Union in Crisis! Gold found in CA- increase population CA wants to be a state Free or slave state?
The Union in Crisis! Dred Scott Kansas-Nebraska Act Lincoln-Douglas Debates Compromise of 1850 Civil War Lincoln s Election Compromise of 1850 Gold found in CA- increase population CA wants to be a state
More information8-4.3 Notes - Causes of Secession: Why South Carolina Left the Union
8-4.3 Notes - Causes of Secession: Why South Carolina Left the Union Objectives - Analyze key issues that led to South Carolina s secession from the Union, including the nullification controversy and John
More informationWhy did competing political parties develop during the 1790s?
Standard VUS.6a The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events from the last decade of the eighteenth century a) explaining the principles and issues that prompted Thomas Jefferson to organize
More information1. Since the founding of Jamestown, Americans had a hunger for land. Some wanted their own farms, others were interested in land speculation.
Unit Name: Unit 2B - Expanding Markets and Manifest Destiny Author: Steve Schweizer UNIT Subject: Social Studies Country: Course/Grade: U.S. History I State/Group: NJ School: EHTHS UNIT SUMMARY The result
More informationCHAPTER 18 Sectional Struggle,
CHAPTER 18 Sectional Struggle, 1848 1854 (Note: As you read the next two chapters on the march of events leading to the thoroughly devastating Civil War, think about the question of inevitability. Perhaps
More informationREVIEW FOR CHAPTERS 15, 16, AND 17 TEST
Define the following with detail: REVIEW FOR CHAPTERS 15, 16, AND 17 TEST 1. Wilmot Proviso A bill passed by the House of Representatives but not by the Senate that would have outlawed slavery in the Mexican
More informationAmerica s History, Chapter 13, Expansion, War, and Sectional Crisis
America s History, Chapter 13, Expansion, War, and Sectional Crisis Key Concept: The United States's acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to contests over the extension of slavery into new territories.
More informationPoliticAL unrest IN TEXAS
Road To Revolution PoliticAL unrest IN TEXAS Haden Edwards received his Empresario contract from the Mexican Government in 1825. This contract allowed him to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches. Upon
More informationName: Final Exam Date: Period: Texas History Fall Semester Final Exam Review
Name: Final Exam Date: Period: Texas History Fall Semester Final Exam Review I.) Unit One: Natural/Native Texas and its People (Texas Geography and Native Americans) ***Geography *** 1.) MAP A: Label the
More informationName: Date: Class: The Antebellum Era ( ): TEST
Name: Date: Class: The Antebellum Era (1781-1860): TEST Part A: Multiple Choice: Instructions: Choose the option that answers the question or completes the sentence. 1. What did the Judiciary Act of 1789
More informationWS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer
WS/FCS Unit Planning Organizer Subject(s) Social Studies Conceptual Lenses Grade/Course American History 1 Expansion Unit of Study Unit 5: Westward Expansion (3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.4, 7.3, 8.2, 8.3) Migration
More informationU.S. Imperialism s Impact on Other Nations
U.S. Imperialism s Impact on Other Nations U.S.-Japanese Relations Japan had closed itself to outsiders in the late 1400s; held a strong mistrust of Western cultures In mid-1800s, US businesses began to
More informationCHAPTER 15. A Divided Nation
CHAPTER 15 A Divided Nation Trouble in Kansas SECTION 15.2 ELECTION OF 1852 1852 - four candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination. Many turned to Franklin Pierce, a little-known politician
More informationList 4 observations of this picture
Westward Expansion List 4 observations of this picture Manifest Destiny What does destiny mean? the hidden power believed to control what will happen in the future spiritual fate Manifest Destiny It is
More informationThe Treaty of Ghent War of 1812 is considered a stalemate Dec. 1814
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Map war1812 The Battle of Thames River, Oct. 5, 1813 US military victory led by General William H. Harrison Tecumseh was killed during this battle Naval Battles The Battle of Lake Erie
More informationBalancing Nationalism and Sectionalism
7 QUIT Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE GRAPH SECTION 1 Regional Economics Create Differences SECTION 2 Nationalism at Center Stage MAP SECTION 3
More informationThe Americans (Reconstruction to the 21st Century)
The Americans (Reconstruction to the 21st Century) Chapter 4: TELESCOPING THE TIMES The Union in Peril CHAPTER OVERVIEW Slavery becomes an issue that divides the nation. North and South enter a long and
More informationChapter 19: Foreign Policy: Setting a Course of Expansionism
Chapter 19: Foreign Policy: Setting a Course of Expansionism Section 1: Introduction On July 8, 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry led a small fleet of American warships into Edo Bay, in Japan. Edo is now called
More informationRenewing the Section Struggle. Chapter 19
Renewing the Section Struggle Chapter 19 Introduction The year 1848, highlighted by a rash of revolutions in Europe, was filled with unrest in America. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had officially ended
More informationThe Second Party System Matures Present
The Second Party System Matures 1828-Present 1840-1852 1840 Presidential Election TIPPECANOE AND TYLER TOO Words: Alexander Coffman Ross Melody: Little Pigs Oh, who has heard the great commotion, motion,
More informationMARKING PERIOD 1. Shamokin Area 7 th Grade American History I Common Core I. UNIT 1: THREE WORLDS MEET. Assessments Formative/Performan ce
Shamokin Area 7 th Grade American History I Common Core Marking Period Content Targets Common Core Standards Objectives Assessments Formative/Performan ce MARKING PERIOD 1 I. UNIT 1: THREE WORLDS MEET
More informationNationalism at Center Stage
Nationalism at Center Stage 1807-Robert Fulton installed a steam engine on a boat, & cruised up the Hudson River from New York City to Albany- 150 miles in 32 hours The boat-the Clermont-luxurious, with
More informationUnit 4: { Politics Economics Society
Unit 4: 1800-1848 { Politics Economics Society Established Cabinet of close advisers French Revolution Neutrality Proclamation Organized troops against Whiskey Rebellion BIG PICTURE IMPACT: Promoted unity;
More informationExpansion and Reform. (Early 1800s-1861) PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. By Daniel Casciato
Expansion and Reform (Early 1800s-1861) PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES By Daniel Casciato PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES Published by Weigl Publishers Inc. 350 5th Avenue, Suite 3304 PMB 6G New York,
More informationStudy Guide for Test representative government system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them
Study Guide for Test 4 1. In general, who could vote in the English colonies? Free men, over 21 years old, who owned a certain amount of land. Sometimes had to be church members. 2. representative government
More informationUnited States History I
PEABODY VETERANS MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT United States History I Mid Year Exam Review Packet 2013-14 Exam Overview The Mid Year Exam serves as a summative assessment to measure your
More informationGrade 07 Social Studies Unit 07 Exemplar Lesson 02 : Texas and the Quest for Manifest Destiny
Unit: 07 Lesson: 02 Suggested Duration: 3 days Grade 07 Unit 07 Exemplar Lesson 02 : Texas and the Quest for Manifest Destiny This lesson is one approach to teaching the State Standards associated with
More informationWarm Up. 1 Why is Monroe s presidency referred to as The Era of Good Feeling :
Warm Up 1 Why is Monroe s presidency referred to as The Era of Good Feeling : 2 What factors led to the end of the Federalist Party during the elec@on of 1816? 3 List and explain two causes of division
More informationInfluences on the Causes of the Civil War
RM 44 Influences on the Causes of the Civil War You have been assigned one of the following roles to perform. As you read the assigned text, concentrate on your role and identify areas that relate to it.
More informationThe term Era of Good Feelings refers to the period of American history when there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration.
The term Era of Good Feelings refers to the period of American history when there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration. 1 2 In 1816, James Monroe became president, inaugurating
More informationnetw rks Reading Essentials and Study Guide Growth and Division, Lesson 1 American Nationalism ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Reading HELPDESK
and Study Guide Lesson 1 American Nationalism ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How did the nation s economy help shape its politics? How did the economic differences between the North and the South cause tension? Reading
More informationUS History Module 1 (A) Lesson 3. A New Nation
US History Module 1 (A) Lesson 3 A New Nation Forming a New Government Fears and concerns about the form of government affects planning of new government Experimenting with Confederation 1781 Congress
More informationLetter from President Fillmore asking Japan. American ships to stop for supplies safety reasons
Chapter 19-21 Introduction Japan 1853 Not open to trading with other countries Commodore Matthew Perry went to Japan with a small fleet of warships (Gunboat Diplomacy) Letter from President Fillmore asking
More informationThe Road to Independence ( )
America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 4 The Road to Independence (1753 1783) Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. All rights reserved.
More information