Letter from President Fillmore asking Japan. American ships to stop for supplies safety reasons

Transcription

1 Chapter 19-21

2 Introduction Japan 1853 Not open to trading with other countries Commodore Matthew Perry went to Japan with a small fleet of warships (Gunboat Diplomacy) Letter from President Fillmore asking Japan American ships to stop for supplies safety reasons The letter also asked about opening up for trade Perry back in 1854 No to trade, but yes to the others

3 Diplomatic Tools Diplomacy negotiations Financial Aid grants and loans Threat use of force

4 Foreign Policy goals and practices that influence interaction with other countries Realism: goals focus on your own interests (security, resource gains, trade, etc.) Idealism: goals focus on spreading your ideas (democracy, freedoms, right, etc.)

5 Foreign Policy goals and practices that influence interaction with other countries Isolationism: belief that the US should get involved in world affairs Interventionism: belief that the US should get involved in world affairs

6 Foreign Policy - Historically Starting with George Washington Neutrality: not taking sides in a conflict Unilateralism: a policy of not creating alliances These policies came with some rights and duties 1 no aid to another country involved in a conflict 2 - not allow another country to use our lands In return 3- we would not be attacked 4- trade with both

7 War of 1812 French and British at war We try to remain neutral British start seizing our ships and kidnapping our sailors President Madison asked Congress to declare war on Great Britain War lasted 2 years Nothing gained or lost, but we stood up for ourselves Realism = war w/great Britain maybe gain some of Canada Idealism = protect right to trade

8 The Monroe Doctrine Latin American countries were starting to gain freedom from Spain 1823 President Monroe Non-colonization no European colonization Non-interference no European interference The U.S. would protect these countries with force if necessary Realism = national security keep European nations away from our borders Idealism = protect freedom and democracy

9 Territorial Expansion Realism = expansion made us more secure Idealism = Manifest Destiny spread American Ideals across the land Through diplomacy Louisiana Purchase (bought from France) Florida (cede from Spain) Oregon (threat of war with Great Britain) Alaska (bought from Russia) Through fighting Texas (from Mexico) New Mexico and California (Mexican-American War)

10 Imperialism Building an Empire Islands for ships to re-supply Midway Island Samoan Islands Types of Sphere of Influence- outside nation claims exclusive investment/trading rights Protectorate- own government, but under control of outside nation Colony- country or territory governed by an outside nation

11 Introduction 1890s Newspaper War New York World v. New York Journal Yellow journalism Sensational news stories Spanish handling or a rebellion in Cuba Encouraged support for going to war against Spain

12 Cuba 1870s Cubans push for independence from Spain Not successful, but some small reforms 1890s Americans sympathize w/cubans Similar to American Revolution Yellow journalism

13 The USS Maine 1897 Spanish say they will give Cubans more self rule Relations between US and Spain strained USS Maine goes to Cuba to protect Americans living in Cuba Explosion (believed to be caused by Spanish mines) sank = we go to war **1976 navy researchers find the explosion was caused by an coal bin that got too hot near stored ammunition**

14 Spanish-American War Cuba President McKinley declared war Teller Amendment once Cuba independent we leave them alone to govern themselves War only lasted a few months Put the U.S. on a path to imperialism

15 Spanish -American War Philippines Under Spanish control Also ready for independence We saw this as a good place to begin our attack on Spain Defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay Sent troops to help the rebels fight for independence from Spain

16 Spanish-American War Cuba Rough Riders Theodore Roosevelt Helped the U.S. Army win many victories Winning the war made the U.S. a world power

17 Treaty of Paris Between U.S. and Spain 1. Cuba independent 2. Ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to U.S. 3. Ceded Philippines to U.S. for $20 million Debate in the U.S. Did we want to become a colonial empire or did that go against our founding ideals Eventually we signed and became an empire

18 Cuba In ruins from war We stayed to rebuild, but we also ruled with our military Cubans resented Americans Platt Amendment added to Cuban constitution to get us out U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs U.S. could lease land for naval bases Guantanamo still today

19 Presidential Foreign Policy Roosevelt Big Stick Policy Work quietly and patiently to achieve goals overseas, but use force if necessary Remember Monroe Doctrine = designed to prevent Europeans from getting involved in the Americas Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Our duty to protect the Western Hemisphere Latin America and the Caribbean Also used diplomacy to settle a conflict between Russia and Japan = neither happy, and both resent the U.S.

20 Presidential Foreign Policy Taft Dollar Diplomacy Encourage and protect American trade and investment

21 Presidential Foreign Policy Wilson Moral Diplomacy U.S. use power to move other countries toward democracy Self-determination = other countries right to determine their own government

22 Panama Panama Canal Roosevelt The U.S. wanted a canal to shorten the trip between Atlantic and Pacific The U.S. encouraged a revolt in Panama in order to make the canal possible The U.S. remained in control of the canal until 1999 This did not make the U.S. popular in Latin America

23 Mexico Unstable as leaders struggled to remain in power The U.S. sent troops on a few occasions, but our help was not wanted The U.S. interference made us unpopular

24 Puerto Rico Possession of the U.S. as a prize from the Spanish- American War Viewed as a strategic location Puerto Ricans wanted freedom As a compromise Puerto Rico was made a territory of the U.S. Citizens, but still limited rights Eventually a commonwealth More rights and more local control

25 Philippines Remember the U.S. Got the Philippines in the Spanish-American War The U.S. wanted to keep control, because close to China Filipinos fought the U.S. for independence The U.S. was brutal in defeating the Filipinos FINALLY granted independence in 1946

26 Hawaii Important shipping stop A few rich American plantation owners encouraged the U.S. forces to defeat the Hawaii army and overthrow the queen They wanted to be part of the U.S. Election time and next president said NO Did not support what the U.S. Army had done Eventually Hawaii was seen as too important Became a territory 1959 became a state

27 China China and Japan went to war over Korea Became evident China was NOT strong Russia. Japan, Germany, and France all developed spheres of influence (one country controls trading) in China The U.S. was concerned wanted to trade too Open Dorr Policy China to remain open for free trade Boxer Rebellion A group of Chinese that tried to rid China of foreigners The U.S. used this rebellion as a time to push Open Door again China remained open to trade