Name: Final Exam Date: Period: Texas History Fall Semester Final Exam Review

Transcription

1 Name: Final Exam Date: Period: Texas History Fall Semester Final Exam Review I.) Unit One: Natural/Native Texas and its People (Texas Geography and Native Americans) ***Geography *** 1.) MAP A: Label the 4 major Texas regions (North Central Plains, Coastal Plains, Mountains and Basins, and Great Plains), the Gulf of Mexico, the 3 border rivers (Sabine, Rio Grande, and Red River), and Mexico. 2.) MAP B: Locate and label the following rivers and cities Rivers: Sabine, Red, Rio Grande, Nueces, Brazos, Colorado Cities: Austin, San Antonio, Houston, Ft. Worth, Dallas, El Paso, Brownsville, Galveston, Corpus Christi, Laredo, Lubbock Map A Map B M Map ***Native Texans (Use the chart on the next page to categorize Native American groups and the aspects of their culture.)

2 Place the names of the tribes in the second column. Record some of the characteristics of the tribe or culture group (example: nomadic) in the third column. Native Texan Culture Group Tribes Characteristics Southeastern Gulf Plains Puebloan II.) Unit Two: Age of Contact (European Explorers in Texas) Reasons for European exploration- God (spread Catholic religion), Gold (gain wealth for their country and themselves), Glory (fame, pride in their country, competition, adventure) Fill in the blank. - The year Pineda maps the coastal regions of Texas A, or conqueror, was a soldier from Spain who sought wealth and fame in the New World. is first European to sight and map the coast of Texas. was one of the first Europeans to enter Texas, after he survived a shipwreck. Wrote about observations such as buffalo, landscape, and the Karankawa Native Americans, and heard stories of golden cities, which he reported back to Spain. This Spanish explorer who came to find the 7 Cities of Gold (Cibola),, found they did not exist, but instead were pueblo homes made of adobe (sun-dried mud bricks). An unfortunate French explorer who accidentally landed in Texas and built Fort St. Louis was. His Texas claim leads to the Spanish further settling Texas (with missions) to keep the French away from the riches in Mexico. III.) Unit Three: Spanish Colonial (Missions, Presidios, Settlements) - Purpose was to convert Natives to Catholicism, make the Native Americans Spanish citizens (loyal to the Spanish monarchy), train and teach skills and Spanish customs (to Natives), and protect Spain s claim to Texas (keep the French away from the wealth found in Mexico). - Military forts used to protect the missions and (civilian) settlements

3 - The year when Mission San Antonio de Valero (a.k.a. the Alamo) and the civil settlement of San Antonio were founded. - Signs or customs of a previous culture. Examples river and city names { Rio Grande = Big River, Amarillo = yellow, which was the color of the soil of the area and the beautiful wildflowers} Vaquero = cowboys, ranching, Roman Catholic religion Successes and Failures of Spanish Missions and Presidios: Missions Successes (Gave Spain a strong presence in Texas, brought Catholicism into Texas and Mexico) Failures (Eventually failed because of Spain s lack of funding) **Note: Missions also were closed because France was no longer a threat to Spanish claims Presidios Successes (Successfully Protected Missions) Failures (Failed to adequately support soldiers and military life. Too expensive to maintain.) IV.) Unit Four: Mexican National (Mexico s Independence, Empresarios) ***Use the information below to create two True/False questions: The beginning of Mexican independence from Spain started in 1810, and was led by Father Miguel Hidalgo. Mexican people faced hardships and struggles, and felt that the King of Spain wasn t concerned. The caste (social class) system that Spain put into place did not allow for many of them to better themselves or the situations in which they had been born. They wanted to make their own laws instead of being controlled by the king that was so far away from Mexico. They felt the king did not have a God-given right to rule, and thought a government should support the people s rights and interests. ***Use the information below and on the next page to create 3 multiple choice questions and 3 pictures. You may decide which three terms you will illustrate and which will be turned into questions. Father Miguel Hidalgo- Led the Mexican Independence movement by giving a passionate speech known as El Grito de Dolores in In this speech he told the Mexican people that they needed to unite and fight for their rights against the Spanish government, be true to the Catholic religion, and seek what would be best for the Mexican people. He believed that the Spanish government had oppressed the people of Mexico and treated the poor badly Mexico wins independence from Spain, as a result Texas is now part of Mexico. Empresario- Land agent that helped settle Mexican Texas by providing land grants to families. System began under the Spanish, but was mostly under the Mexican government since they won their independence. Moses Austin- He was the first American to work with the Spanish government to settle Americans in Texas through the empresario system. Although he put the plan into place and did the negotiating with the Spanish government, he died before he could see his plan in action, so his son, Stephen F. Austin, took over. Stephen F. Austin- Father of Texas, took over the empresario plan after Moses dies. Settled 300 Anglo- American families in Texas; they were known as the Old 300.

4 Mexican Constitution of The constitution written after Mexico became independent from Spain. It was modeled after the U.S. Constitution. The republic took the name of United Mexican States, and was defined as a representative federal republic, with Catholicism as the official religion (there was not freedom of religion). The Constitution created the state of Coahuila y Tejas, merging the two provinces. (Tejas = Texas) V.) Unit Five: Texas Revolution (Road to Revolution, Battles, Convention of 1836) *** Use the information below to create 3 Matching Questions about the Road to the Texas Revolution Fredonian Rebellion (1826)- a group of Anglo settlers (led by the Edwards brothers) start a small fight with Mexican government officials over land ownership in East Texas. Most Texans did not support their rebellion, and it quickly ended. Mier y Teran Investigation & Report ( )- General Manuel de Mier y Teran tours Texas and reports back to the Mexican government that they may lose control of Texas because of the large amount of Anglo immigration and Anglos lack of respect for Mexican law. The report resulted in the Law of April 6, Law of April 6, law passed by the Mexican government to increase their control over Texas and its Anglo settlers. It stated: 1) the end of Anglo immigration from the U.S.; 2) Anglo settlers could not bring any more slaves into Texas, even though they could before; 3) customs duties (taxes) on all goods coming in from the U.S.; 4) increase the number of Mexican army troops in Texas to help enforce the laws Turtle Bayou Resolutions (1832)- Texans write a series of statements that said they are not rebelling against Mexico, only defending their rights under Mexico s Constitution of They also stated they supported General Santa Anna, who was fighting for control of Mexico s government. Stephen F. Austin Arrested ( )- Austin was arrested for treason on a trip to Mexico City. ***Use the information below and on the next page to create four Fill-in-the-Blank questions about the Significant Leaders During the Texas Revolution William B. Travis- Leader of Texans at the Alamo; writes famous and heroic victory or death letter asking for help, which encourages Americans to come fight for Texas Jim Bowie - Frontiersman who chose to defend the Alamo but then became too ill to fight Davy Crockett - Frontiersman from Tennessee who came to Texas and fought at the Alamo; nicknamed King of the Wild Frontier James Fannin- Led the Texans at Coleto Creek and surrendered to Mexican General Urrea. Later he was executed at Goliad by order of Santa Anna. Juan Seguin - Tejano leader in the Texan army Santa Anna- Dictator of Mexico and head of the Mexican Army Sam Houston- Member of the Washington-on-the-Brazos independence committee and Commander of the Texas Army; hero at the Battle of San Jacinto; First elected President of Texas Lorenzo De Zavala- Member of the Washington-on-the-Brazos independence committee and first Vice-President of Texas.

5 George C. Childress- Author of the Texas Declaration of Independence (Signed on March 2, Texas Independence Day ) ***Use the information below to create four Multiple Choice questions about the Events During the Texas Revolution Battle of Gonzales (1835)- First battle of the Texas Revolution. This began because Texas citizens of Gonzales refused to give up their cannon to Mexican soldiers. It was considered to be a Texas victory. Siege of Bexar (ended Dec. 1835)- Battle in San Antonio where Texans won control of the Alamo. Convention of 1836 (March 2, 1836)- Occurred at Washington-on-the-Brazos. Childress wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence (March 2, 1836), and the delegates created the 1 st Texas Constitution, as well as a temporary government (Fall of the) Alamo (March 6, 1836): Travis, Bowie, and about 200 other Texan troops die at the wrath of Santa Anna. Battle is a loss for Texans, but motivates others to join the fight to avenge (get revenge for) their loss. Remember the Alamo! Goliad Massacre (March 27, 1836): After the Battle of Coleto Creek, Fannin and his men surrender to Gen. Urrea under the impression they will not be killed, but taken as prisoners. Instead, Santa Anna orders Urrea to execute them all. This makes Texans more determined to keep fighting and defeat Santa Anna. Remember Goliad! Battle of San Jacinto (April 21, 1836)- Final battle of the Revolution. Houston and his troops defeat the Mexican troops, capture Santa Anna, and accept his surrender. Treaties of Velasco- The agreements that were written after the Battle of San Jacinto and ended the war. Santa Anna had to order all Mexican troops out of Texas, agree to help Texas gain recognition as an independent republic, and make the new Texas-Mexico border the Rio Grande. GBAGS - a hint to remember the major battles of the Texas Revolution in order Gonzales, Bexar (Siege of Bexar), Alamo, Goliad, San Jacinto Also know what adaptation and modification are, when people are interacting with the environment. -- Adaptation -- What are some examples of ways that people might adapt to the environment? -- Modification -- What are some examples of ways that people might modify the environment?