Civil War 10/25/2018. The Union in Crisis! Gold found in CA- increase population CA wants to be a state Free or slave state?

Transcription

1 The Union in Crisis! Dred Scott Kansas-Nebraska Act Lincoln-Douglas Debates Compromise of 1850 Civil War Lincoln s Election Compromise of 1850 Gold found in CA- increase population CA wants to be a state Free or slave state? 1

2 Compromise (by Henry Clay) CA a free state Texas-New Mexico border clarified Utah and N.M. slave question to be decided by popular sovereignty (people vote) Fugitive Slave Law- federal crime to help run away slaves Outlawed buy/sale of slaves in Washington D.C. Douglas wanted a railroad through Chicago Argued popular sovereignty should decide slave or free in Kansas and Nebraska May 1854, became law Weakened democratic party, destroyed whig party- created Republican party Kansas got nasty Sack of Lawrence- sheriff and friends burn down an anti-slavery newspaper building John Brown and friends kill 5 pro-slavery settlers Both sides raise money and flood the state with supporters to vote 2

3 Northern Democrats upset about Kansas Nominate Buchanan not Douglas Republicans nominate John C. Fremont Democrats win Dred Scott is a slave Was living in a free state for a while Sued for freedom because he was in free state Supreme Court ruled No. Kansas became free state John Brown executed after raiding a U.S. arsenal and caught by Marines In 1858 he ran against Douglas for Illinois Senate Lincoln and Douglas had a few debates Gained national attention after Lincoln s house divided speech People feared Lincoln was an abolitionist (against slavery) Lincoln and Douglas run for President Lincoln was the populous North and therefor won the election 3

4 Step Towards War Attempts at Compromise Fail Crittenden Compromise Dec. 18, constitutional amendments Ban slavery North of Missouri compromise line, slavery is ok South of the line Compensate slaveholders for escaped slaves, stop congress from interfering with transportation of slaves between states Opposed by North and South South- can t fix real problem- Lincoln s election March 4, Lincoln in inaugural address promised not to interfere where it exists 4

5 South Carolina calls legislature 1 week after Lincoln s election Dec. 20 th SC secedes <don t write the quote> the union now subsisting between South Carolina and the other states under the name of the United States of America is hereby dissolved. By Feb 1- Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas secede Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas all threaten to leave as well Many Southerners opposed secession, state legislatures passed secession <don t need to write this> Northern reaction varied Lincoln said We must settle this question now, whether in a free government the minority have the right to break up the government whenever they choose. Feb reps for 7 states met to form a new nation Wrote a constitution that recognizes slavery and guarantees the right to own them, March 11, 1861 Jefferson Davis President, Alexander Stephens as Vice President 5

6 Confederate States of America No currency, confederation $ printed by a company in NY 1 man from each state in Davis cabinet Causes of Secession The Compromise of 1850 Effect Kansas-Nebraska Act South Carolina Secedes Other states follow Lincoln-Douglas Debates Election of 1860 The Civil War 6

7 Fort Sumter Base in South Carolina, under union control South demanded it s surrender Fort low on supplies Lincoln sends only non-military supplies April 12, 1861 Confederacy artillery opens fire April 14 th Fort Sumter surrendered Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve 90 days All slave states still in union refused to send troops April 17 th VA secedes May- AR, TN, and NC secede Border States choose sides Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri- slave states still in the Union on the border of the confederacy Maryland- if it goes, DC surrounded by confederacy Lincoln sent troops to guard military locations Placed areas under military control Nov military oversaw elections of Pro-union legislature Missouri- controlled lower Mississippi River Kentucky- controlled 500 miles of Ohio River Joined Union when confederacy invaded Sept

8 Goals of North and South North: preserve the Union Lincoln: asked northerners to fight to save the union, didn t make slavery the central issue South: be left alone with slavery unchanged Strengths South Defensive war Protecting way of life Military leaders Cotton trade Thought Britain and France would recognize them as a country They didn t North Large population Factories Railroads Better supplied Tactics and Technology Deadly weapons Accurate and longer range rifles Exploding shells Flamethrowers Machine guns- Gatling gun Observation balloons and camouflage Telegraph- send messages quick Railroads used to send supplies and troops ***Last of the old time wars, first of the modern ones 8

9 Bull Run July 21, 1861 About 20 miles outside Washington D.C Union Army attacked the confederates Union army was disorganized and broke and ran for Washington Importance: demonstrated that it would not be a short war Casualties: USA 2,950 CSA 1,750 Antietam September 17, 1862 General Lee heads North into Maryland. Single bloodiest day in U.S. history The battle was a draw but Lee s troops left the field for Virginia so.union Win!! Casualties: USA 23,100 total (USA 12,401; CSA 10,316) Emancipation Proclamation Issued after the victory at Antietam Meant to send a message 9

10 Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 General Lee again heads North into Pennsylvania Gettysburg is where 10 crossroads meet Union troops take the high ground and Lee attempts to attack the sides On the 3 rd day Lee attacks the center The union line had been strengthened with more troops Lee, defeated, left back to Virginia Casualties: 51,000 total (USA 23,000; CSA 28,000) Cold Harbor 1864 Cold Harbor- May 31 st - Union seize Cold Harbor and manage to repel Confederate infantry. June 3 rd - Grant tried a massive assault against the Confederate lines and his men were slaughtered. After 9 days of trench warfare Grant left Cold Harbor. big Union loss Union: 1,844 killed, 9,077 wounded Confederate: 83 Killed, 3,380 wounded The End of The War April 9 th, 1865 Lee met Grant at Appomattox Court House to surrender. Wilmer McLean April 14 th, 1865 Lincoln assassinated 10