Influences on the Causes of the Civil War

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1 RM 44 Influences on the Causes of the Civil War You have been assigned one of the following roles to perform. As you read the assigned text, concentrate on your role and identify areas that relate to it. Political Analyst: Identify any political influences that related to causes of the Civil War, including government, political leaders, or military aspects of American life. Economic Analyst: Identify any economic influences that related to the causes of the Civil War, including how people earned money and participated in trade and business. Social Analyst: Identify any social influences that related to the causes of the Civil War, including the identification of people at all levels of society and how they interacted with each other. Use the content frame below to record your information. To read and understand the text, use the Read-and- Say-Something strategy as modeled by your teacher. Political Influences Economic Influences Social Influences

2 RM 45 Influences on the Causes of the Civil War Answer Key Political Influences Economic Influences Social Influences Spread of slavery to new territories Election of 1860 with new President Abraham Lincoln and the perception that he would end slavery Most Texans favored the Democrat party and opposed the Republican president Support of states rights over federal control Secession of other states Ordinance of Secession in February 23, 1861, supported by secessionists in Texas Dred Scott shifted the balance of power to the states on the issue of slavery John Brown s raid encouraged Southerners to arm themselves in the face of a possible slave uprising Balance of slave and free states in the Senate was changed after the Compromise of 1850 and the admission of California into the Union Bleeding Kansas Predominance of agriculture and slave labor Threat of higher tariffs; negative impact on consumer prices and agricultural imports and exports Growth of cotton industry increased demand for slaves Lack of industry Racial tension between blacks and whites Discrimination of blacks, both free and slave Slave population growing faster than free population by 1860 Social classes based on wealth and race

3 Viewpoint: Influences Debate RM 46 (Political, Economic, or Social) You and your group members will prepare to debate other students about which influence was the most important cause of the Civil War: political, economic, or social. Support the same viewpoint as your role during the previous part of the lesson. Follow these suggestions to help you prepare for the debate. Work with your group members to plan your arguments. 1. Look at all the information you recorded on the Causes of the Civil War handout. 2. List reasons why your viewpoint should be considered the most important influence on the causes of the Civil War. Use the space below to record your thoughts. 3. List reasons why the other two viewpoints are not as important as the one you support. Use the space below to record your thoughts. 4. Plan how you will convince others that you are right. 5. Practice your presentation. It should last no more than 1 minute.

4 Civil War ID List RM 47 Use available resources to complete the table below. Include important details about each significant individual or event. John Bell Hood John Reagan Francis Lubbock Thomas Green John Magruder Battle of Galveston Battle of Sabine Pass Battle of Palmito Ranch

5 Civil War ID List Answer Key RM 48 John Bell Hood Hood was the first commander of the Texas Brigade, or Hood s Brigade. He was sent to Virginia to fight in The troops were distinguished in battle, leading to Hood s promotion to major general. Hood s Brigade played an active role during the Battle of Gettysburg in July Hood was wounded in his left arm, which he could no longer use. The brigade also fought in the Battle of Chickamauga. Hood lost his right leg during that battle. He had to be strapped to his saddle in order to ride, which he did during the battle to keep Union General Sherman from invading Georgia. Francis Lubbock Lubbock was the first governor of Texas as a Confederate government under Confederate President Jefferson Davis. He joined the Democratic Party during the Nullification Crisis of 1832 and was active in the state party in the 1850s. He served as lieutenant governor for one term. After serving as governor, he served in the army with Major General Magruder. John Magruder Magruder served as a Confederate major general during the Civil War and commander of Texas troops. He successfully led his troops during the Battle of Galveston on January 1, 1863, giving Texas temporary relief from the Union blockade. Galveston remained in Confederate control until the end of the war. John Reagan Reagan served as Postmaster General of the Confederacy and as Texas Democratic Party leader. He was involved in the Cherokee War and the battle that involved the killing of Chief Bowl. He served as a Senator from Texas from , when Texas seceded from the Union. At the end of the Civil War, he was captured by Union troops and imprisoned in Boston. He wrote a public letter from prison encouraging Texans to go along with the requirements by the U.S. government to re-enter the Union. That view was not popular in Texas at that time. After his imprisonment was over, he worked to restore political harmony and Democratic Party power in Texas as the state complied with the Reconstruction legislation. He was called by many the Old Roman, someone who had sacrificed for the good of his fellow Texans. Thomas Green Green served as a Texas Confederate general during the Civil War. He led troops into New Mexico, defeating Union soldiers at Valverde but losing at the Battle of Glorieta. He participated in the Battle of Galveston in January He led troops to victories during the Red River Campaign. He died during this campaign in April Battle of Galveston The Union wanted to capture Galveston and use it as a base of operations during the Civil War. Galveston was an important port for importing and exporting cargo for the Confederate cause. The Union captured Galveston in October 1862 but lost it as a result of the Battle of Galveston in January Page 1 of 2

6 Battle of Sabine Pass Union troops tried to invade the Confederacy through the Sabine Pass, a narrow channel near the border of Texas and Louisiana. Confederate troops under Texan Dick Dowling engaged the Union ships. Two of the Union ships were sunk, and no other ships attempted to sail into the channel. RM 48 continued Battle of Palmito Ranch This skirmish is considered to be the last land battle of the Civil War. It took place in South Texas near Brownsville, where the Confederacy had relocated some import and export activity as a result of the Union blockades. At the time, the Union controlled the port at Brownsville. The battle took place on May 13, 1865, after the surrender at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, by the Army of the Northern Potomac to the Union. However, these troops had not yet received the news. The Confederates won the battle. Page 2 of 2

7 Lesson 12 Evaluate RM 49 1 Which of the following headlines would have most likely appeared in a newspaper in 1861? A B C D Oil Discovered at Spindletop Texas Secedes from the Union LBJ Elected President Texans Massacred at the Alamo 2 One reason Texas joined the Confederacy was A B C D Sam Houston supported secession Union troops attacked Galveston Lincoln was elected president Texans wanted to abolish slavery 3 [declare slavery to be a] monstrous social wrong that [is not in agreement] with the Constitution of the United States which declared in emphatic terms that all men are born free. German Convention, San Antonio, 1854 The excerpt above represents German immigrants support of A B C D abolition agriculture tariffs slavery Page 1 of 2

8 RM 49 continued 4 Which of the following best reflects an economic influence on the causes of the Civil War? A President Abraham Lincoln enacted the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, B C D Uncle Tom s Cabin angered Northerners and caused many to join abolitionist groups. The Compromise of 1850 included a strict Fugitive Slave Act and ended slave trade in Washington, D.C. The southern states were mainly agricultural, while the northern states were mainly industrial. Performance Assessment You are the leader of a historical society that has petitioned the legislature to erect a memorial for Texans who participated in the Civil War. Choose one of the following people that you think should be memorialized and write a paragraph explaining why he would be the best subject for the memorial. Include at least two historical facts about your choice to prove his importance. John Bell Hood John Reagan Francis Lubbock Thomas Green John Magruder Page 2 of 2

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