Steps to the Civil War

Transcription

1 Steps to the Civil War WORKSHOP FOR QUESTIONS SAMPLES How did Rosa Parks assist in the start of the Civil Rights Act? Was the Battle of Alamo the leading cause of the Mexican War? Nov 20 11:14 AM 1

2 Nov 20 11:35 AM NOTEBOOK One page in your notebook hold landscape make a time line. Another page Label CAUSES of CIVIL WAR SLAVERY Economics Politics 2

3 1820 Missouri Compromise 11 slave states and 11 free states Missouri territory became eligible for statehood Northern congressman would not support statehood for Missouri since it would be admitted as a slave state Henry Clay proposed compromise Missouri enter as slave slave state and Maine enter as a free state. Proposed no slavery north of 36, 30 extending into Louisiana Purchase. Compromise accepted. Map of Missouri Compromise 3

4 Thomas Jefferson expressed his opinion on the Missouri Compromise in a letter to John Holms dated April 22, Jefferson writes that the Missouri question, "like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union." Library of Congress WIlliam Lloyd Garrison 1831 NAT TURNER Immediate Abolitionism MORAL SUASION Full enfranchisement rights of free blacks Burned Constitution Proslavery document. Dragged in BOSTON crowd/ almost killed. LIBERATOR Nov 15 12:26 PM 4

5 Nov 26 1:34 PM Nov 15 12:57 PM 5

6 TEXAS INDEPENDENCE 1836 White Americans in Texas which was part of Mexico. White Americans wanted slaves... Mexico wanted slavery to be illegal.... Nov 15 1:01 PM Nov 26 1:44 PM 6

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8 Nov 26 2:04 PM Nov 20 2:07 PM 8

9 Nov 26 2:07 PM Nov 26 2:10 PM 9

10 Nov 20 1:55 PM Map of the United States in

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12 Nov 21 1:31 PM War with Mexico ,000 Americans living in Texas; 2,000 slaves. American settlers did not obey Mexican laws abolish slavery, learn Spanish and convert to Catholicism Texans begin seeking independence from Mexico. Santa Anna crushed rebels at the Alamo Texans declare themselves a republic want annexation to the U.S. President Tyler supports idea. Enlists Calhoun to help. Alienates northerners annexation rejected 1845 President Polk pushed through admittance of Texas as a state. 12

13 Map of Mexican War Border question emerges in U.S. wants Rio Grande River. Mexico wants Nueces River 150 miles north of Ri Grande. Polk sends Zachary Taylor with troops to the Rio Grand River and Slidell as negotiator to Mexico. Slidell refused. Polk orders Taylor to advance, Mexican attack. No formal declaration of war by Polk Easy victory for Americans. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 U.S. acquires more territory from Mexico New Mexico, Utah, California and Arizona Wilmot Proviso 13

14 Campaign Banner for James K. Polk Hand Colored Lithograph of General Taylor s Encampment By Daniel Whiting

15 Composed and arranged at the request of General Taylor Ornamental Map of the United States

16 Untitled Cartoon 1847 Propaganda Pamphlet

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18 Nov 26 2:17 PM Zachary Taylor Last of Whig Party Hated Compromise of 1850 wanted California to be slave. Slave holder. When he died, compromise could be passed under Pres. Fillmore End of a national based party Whigs. Nov 21 1:45 PM 18

19 Expansion of Slavery? Two compromises to resolve issue of slavery in territories Extend Missouri Compromise to Pacific. South supports and North rejects. Popular Sovereignty Lewis Cass. Allow states to choose themselves whether they are free or slave. Henry Clay, The Great Compromiser, introducing the Compromise of 1850 in the Senate Chambers 19

20 Compromise of ,000 Americans moved to California territory mostly men in search of gold. President Taylor suggests California be admitted as state using popular sovereignty. California chose to be free protect chances for gold. Union was at stake Henry Clay proposed a compromise California be admitted as a free state The southwest (Utah and N. Mexico territories) be to organized into states. Southerners would be free bring slaves. Lands around Texas would go to the New Mexico territory Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. (not slavery itself) A more effective Fugitive Slave Law to be enforced in the North. Stephen Douglas(D Ill) pushed it through by calling for provisions to be voted on separately. 20

21 steps to civil war smart board.notebook FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT Northerners protested it! Liberty Laws are passed in the North Article IV Nov 22 9:34 AM Map of Territorial Expansion in

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24 Nov 27 10:21 AM Nov 28 9:23 AM 24

25 Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin 1852 "The Little woman who started the war." Lincoln Mobilized northern Christian support! Appealed to Christianity. Nov 28 9:30 AM Nov 27 2:23 PM 25

26 Nov 27 10:23 AM FRANKLIN PIERCE Pres Democrat exacerbated slavery issues OSTEND MANIFESTO U.S negotiating to take Cuba from Spain (making excuses) EXPANSION SLAVERY RACE "SECRET" but leaked to press Nov 28 9:35 AM 26

27 Nov 28 9:38 AM Nov 27 10:26 AM 27

28 Nov 27 10:27 AM Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 January 1854 Stephen Douglas proposed bill to organize land west of Missouri into Nebraska territory. To win over southerners Douglas proposed dividing region into Kansas and Nebraska and allow for popular sovereignty to be used to determine slavery in these territories Bill passed creating a split in the Democratic party Know Nothings and Republicans emerge. 28

29 Bleeding Kansas North and South both want control of Kansas Both regions sent outsiders to Kansas to influence the vote on slave state status. November 1854 Missourians cross over state line and vote to sway vote toward pro slavery Pro slavery legislature is elected in Kansas. Anti slavery settlers refuse to accept this legislature hold own elections two governments in Kansas May 1856 pro slavery group attacks an antislavery town. John Brown responds with attack on proslavery settlement murders 5 men. By end of men had been killed in Kansas CHARLES SUMNER attacked Southern slavery Preston Brooks offended.. Beat Sumner within in inch of his life! TOOK 4 years to recover! Nov 28 9:52 AM 29

30 LLECOMPTON CONSTITUTION 1858 Kansas one place to draw up a Constitution. Free soilers thought it was unfair (all these border ruffians had illegally come over the line to participate) Pro slavery tries to win Nov 28 9:53 AM DRED SCOTT CASE owner was a surgeon. Went North Wisconsin free area 2. Got back in South.. Sued for freedom (I was in free territory) test case 3. Ends up in Supreme Court 4. Decision Dred Scott is not recognized in Constitution.. Not a citizen. Not recognized. ROGER TANEY Nov 28 9:58 AM 30

31 LLINCOLN DOUGLAS DEBATE 1. Senatorial Debates for 1858 Election 2. Lincoln had served one term in the House of Reps in D.C. 3. Issue over slavery can slavery be extended? Fought over popular sovereignty. 4. Lincoln argues just because he doesn't want slavery doesn't mean he wants to marry a "negro" woman. Nov 28 10:05 AM Excerpt from first debate with Stephen A. Douglas (American Pageant) Lincoln: "I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of the race to which I belong, having the superior position. I have never said anything to the contrary,but I hold that notwithstanding all this, there is no reason in the world why the Negro is not entitled to all the natural rights enumerated in the Declaration of Independence, the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. I hold that he is as much entitled to those rights as teh white man. I agree with Judge Douglas he is not my equal in many respects certainly not in color, perhaps not in moral or intellectual endowment. But in the right to eat the bread, without leave of anybody else, which his own hand earns, he is my equal and the equal of Judge Douglas, and the equal of every living man." Nov 29 8:31 AM 31

32 FREEPORT Doctrine Response to Dred Scott Case 2. Stephen Douglas used it keep him from contradicting himself. 3. Scott Case can't restrict slavery anywhere Nov 28 11:02 AM Attack of Charles Sumner (MA) by Preston Brooks on floor of Congress. Excerpt of speech by Charles Sumner Sir, speaking in an age of light, and in a land of constitutional liberty, where the safeguards of elections are justly placed among the highest triumphs of civilization, I fearlessly assert that the wrongs of muchabused Sicily, thus memorable in history, were small by the side of the wrongs of Kansas, where the very shrines of popular institutions, more sacred than any heathen altar, have been desecrated; where the ballot box, more precious than any work, in ivory or marble, from the cunning hand of art, has been plundered; and where the cry "I am an American citizen" has been interposed in vain against outrage of every kind, even upon life itself. Are you against sacrilege? I present it for your execration. Are you against robbery? I hold it up to your scorn. Are you for the protection of American citizens? I show you how their dearest rights have been cloven down, while a tyrannical usurpation has sought to install itself on their very necks. 32

33 Removal of Senator Charles Sumner Dred Scott vs. Sanford Dred Scott was a slave of a man who lived in Illinois, Wisconsin and Missouri Sued for freedom when owner died. Based case 1857 on having lived in free soil states 33

34 Dred Scott Decision Supreme Court declared that blacks are not citizens therefore they cannot sue in federal court. Declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional Dred Scott not eligible to due process of law because he was living in territories Decision threatened popular sovereignty and convinced many Northerners that the Supreme Court was pro slavery Decision of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in the case of Dred Scott: "They had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and altogether unfit to associate with teh white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect... This opnion was at that time fixed and universal in the civilized portion of the white race." American Pageant textbook. Nov 29 8:37 AM 34

35 Portrait of John Brown Map of the Election of

36 Election of candidates for President 1. Douglas Northern Democrat 2. Breckinridge Southern Democrat 3. Bell Constitutional Union 4. Lincoln Republican Lincoln won the electoral college in the North and the West. Lincoln was viewed by the south as an abolitionist. Response of southern states to election was secession South Carolina secedes from the Union in December Six other states follow in February of Portrait of Abraham Lincoln 36

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