Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e. Chapter Thirteen: The Impending Crisis

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1 Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e

2 Introduction Territorial Growth Manifest Destiny Expanding Settlement,

3 Looking Westward Manifest Destiny Racial Justification 5 D s-dollars,defense,deity,destiny, and Democracy Empire of Liberty Expansion was NOT Selfish but Altruistic Opposition to Further Expansion Increased Controversy over Slavery Americans in Texas Stephen Austin U.S. tried to Purchase Texas-1830 Migrations of White Southern Slave Owners Catholicism, Spanish Language, and Loyalty Mexico began to Oppose Settlements 3

4 Texas Independence

5 Looking Westward Tensions Between the United States and Mexico Battle of San Jacinto-1836 Capture of Gen. Santa Anna Treaty of Velasco Independence of Texas01836 Opposition to Annexation Northerners Opposed to new Slave Territory Sam Houston 5 (Portrait Gallery)

6 Looking Westward Oregon Disputed Claims Conflict between Settlers and Indians The Westward Migration 6

7 7 Western Trails in 1860

8 Looking Westward Life on the Trail The Oregon Trail Life on a Trail A Full Team on the Sierras (Library of Congress) , The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

9 Expansion and War The Democrats and Expansion James K. Polk-1844 Supported Acquisition of Oregon and Texas Compromise over Oregon James K. Polk (Portrait Gallery) 9

10 10 The Oregon Boundary, 1846

11 Expansion and War The Southwest and California Texas Boundary in Dispute-1845 Rio Grande vs. Nueces River American Interests in California U.S. Provokes Mexico into War 11

12 12 Expansion and War The Mexican War Failure of the Slidell Mission Opposition to the War Bear Flag Revolution General Zachery Taylor General Winfield Scott Seizure of Mexico City-1847 Nicholas Trist Mission Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo-1848 Mexico lost 500,000 Sq. Miles of Territory U.S. paid $15 Million to Mexico John C. Fremont

13 Mexican War

14 14 The Mexican War,

15 U.S. Occupation of Mexico City

16 16 Southwestern Expansion,

17 The Sectional Debate Slavery and the Territories Wilmot Proviso Prohibited Slavery in Mexican Cession President Polk viewed as Pro-south Competing Plans Missouri Compromise-1820 Free-Soil Party 17

18 The Sectional Debate The California Gold Rush Forty-niners Indian Slavery President Zachary Taylor Ca. Admitted as Free State-1850 Free vs. Slave States An 1858 map of California and Oregon, showing Gold strikes (Royalty-Free / CORBIS) 18

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20 The Sectional Debate Rising Sectional Tensions Sectional Conflict over Slavery in the Territories The Compromise of Clay s Proposed Solution Fugitive Slave Act Temporary Compromise Prominent American legislators pose while working out the Compromise of 1850 (Library of Congress)

21 Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of

22 The Crises of the 1850s The Uneasy Truce Opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act Young America Ostend Manifesto-1854 U.S. Attempted to Acquire Cuba Franklin Pierce (Library of Congress) 22

23 The Crises of the 1850s Slavery, Railroads, and the West Transcontinental Railroad and Slavery Northerners vs. Southerners Gadsden Purchase-1853 Jefferson Davis and Southern Interests The Kansas-Nebraska Controversy Kansas-Nebraska Act Birth of the Republican Party 23

24 The Crises of the 1850s Bleeding Kansas Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner The Free-Soil Ideology Free Soil Ideology Opposition to the Expansion of Slavery Slave Power Conspiracy 24

25 The Crises of the 1850s The Pro-Slavery Argument The Pro-Slavery Argument Anti-Abolitionist Violence (Library of Congress) , The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

26 The Crises of the 1850s Buchanan and Depression Election of 1856 Republican John C. Fremont The Dred Scott Decision-1857 Taney s Sweeping Opinion Missouri Compromise ruled Unconstitutional Deadlock over Kansas Lecompton Constitution Rejected 26

27 The Crises of the 1850s The Emergence of Lincoln Lincoln-Douglas Debates-1858 Lincoln s Position Free White Labor Lincoln gained new Support Abraham Lincoln (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 27

28 The Crises of the 1850s John Brown s Raid-1859 John Brown s Raid Attack Harper s Ferry 28 The Hanging of John Brown

29 The Crises of the 1850s The Election of Lincoln Divided Democrats Less than half the Popular Vote Disunion Southerners become Hopeless The Election of

30 Patterns of Popular Culture: Lyceums , The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.