VUS.6.b: Expansion Filled In

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Period: VUS6b: Expansion Filled In Notes VUS6b: Expansion 1

2 Objectives about Expansion and the Coming of the Civil War VUS6 VUS7 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events from the last decade of the eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth century by b) identifying the economic, political, and geographic factors that led to territorial expansion and its impact on the American Indians The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Civil War and Reconstruction Era and their importance as major turning points in American history by a) evaluating the multiple causes of the Civil War, including the role of the institution of slavery as a principal cause of the conflict Manifest Destiny Main idea: Americans moved west, energized by their belief in the rightful expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific Why It Matters Now: The South and Southwest are now the fastest growing regions of the United States I The Frontier Draws Settlers A American Mission 1 Thomas Jefferson dreamed of the United States developing into an Empire for Liberty with enough room for our descendants to the thousandth and thousandth generation 2 Manifest Destiny def the belief that the United States destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory a They believed that this destiny was manifest, or obvious b Term was promoted by the editor of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review to describe the annexation of Texas in 1845 B Other Reasons for Westward Migration 1 The Panic of 1837 led people west to search for new economic opportunities (commerce) 2 Opportunity for land ownership 3 Easier access to Japan and China for trade 4 Escape religious persecution (Mormons) Notes VUS6b: Expansion 2

3 The United States in 1830 Directions: Using p 296 of the text or a map you find on the internet, label the following on the map below: Louisiana Territory, Oregon Territory, Mexico, British North America Color in the United States, Mexico, Oregon (different colors please!) Expansion in Texas Main idea: Mexico offered land grants to American settlers, but conflict developed over religion and other cultural differences, and the issue of slavery Why It Matters Now: Today, the state of Texas shares and important trading partnership with Mexico I Americans Settle in the Southwest A Mexico in Southwest states that used to be a part of Mexico a California, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming B The Impact of Mexican Independence 1 New Challenges a Mission system declined b Boost to the economy needed c New ways of governing the vast Mexican territory needed Notes VUS6b: Expansion 3

4 2 Solutions a Mission lands were given to government officials b Mexico opened up trade with the United States c Mexico invited US settlers C Mexico Invites US Settlers 1 To protect the territory from Native American attacks, the Mexican government encouraged American farmers to settle in Texas 2 Land grants were given to agents known as empresarios 3 In exchange for cheap land, Empresarios had to pledge to obey Mexican law and observe Catholicism, Mexico s official religion 4 Stephen F Austin was a very successful empresario and attracted many American families to Texas a Bought land grants and started a colony giving 177 acres to each of his chosen families b Becomes known as the Father of Texas 5 People left the US to seek adventure, escape problems in the US and were attracted by cheap land a $125/acre in the US, only 125 cents/acre in Texas II Texas Fights for Independence A Come to Texas 1 Tensions grew over the following issues a Cultural differences new settlers did not speak Spanish b Mexico had abolished slavery, while the settlers continued to practice it c Mexico s religion was Roman Catholic, while US settlers were protestant Notes VUS6b: Expansion 4

5 2 Shifting Demographics By 1835 there were: a 3,500 Tejanos (Mexican-Texans) b 12,000 Native Americans c 5,000 African Americans d 45,000 US settlers 3 Mexico s Response a Santa Anna Napoleon of the West served as president of Mexico b 1830 sealed the borders of Texas and limited immigration c Taxed US imports B Texas Revolution 1 Austin travelled to Mexico City with a petition for greater self-government for Texas a Santa Anna refused, imprisoned Austin for inciting rebellions and revoked local powers in Texas and other Mexican states 2 Rebellions erupted in Texas C Remember the Alamo 1 Texans drove Mexican forces from the Alamo 2 March 6, President and General Santa Ana attacked the Alamo with about 1,800 Mexican soldiers and killed all 187 defenders 3 Became legendary almost immediately after it ended 4 Inspired other rebels to continue fighting Notes VUS6b: Expansion 5

6 5 April 21, 1836 The Battle of San Jacinto a Sam Houston led a Texan force and quickly defeated the Mexican army b Forced Santa Ana to sign the Treaty of Velasco granted Texas independence D Texas Joins the Union 1 March 2, 1836 Texas declared its independence from Mexico liking themselves to American colonists in the 1700s 2 March 16, 1838 Texas ratifies its Constitution and becomes the Republic of Texas with Sam Houston as president Sam Houston invited the US to annex Texas, the US did, but not until 1845 The War with Mexico ( ) Main idea: Tensions over the annexation of Texas led to war with Mexico, resulting in huge territorial gains for the United States Why It Matters Now: The United States has achieved its goal of expanding across the continent from east to west I Polk Urges War A Polk s Election 1 President Polk won his election on the campaign promise the US would fulfill its manifest destiny and expand further west 2 Tension with Mexico over the annexation of Texas allowed him to provoke Mexico into a war B North opposed to a war, south approved Notes VUS6b: Expansion 6

7 II The War Begins A Disagreements over the US and Mexican Border 1 Mexico established the border at the Nueces River 2 US claimed it had rights to land all the way up to the Rio Grande 3 Polk orders General Zachary Taylor to set up a blockade at the Rio Grande B First Skirmish 1 Mexico claims the US invaded and sent troops across the Rio Grande 2 9 US troops are killed 3 Polk asks Congress to declare war a American blood on American soil b Senate votes 40-2 for war C The Republic of California 1 Prior to the war, President Polk offered to buy California, Mexico refused a group of American settlers declared California an independent country 3 Extremely short-lived US forces invaded and took over D The War in Mexico 1 Mexican army had poor training and leadership compared to the US military who had the best officers fresh out of West Point, including Robert E Lee and Ulysses S Grant 2 Santa Ana was exiled in Cuba devised a scheme to regain his presidency in Mexico and control of the military just caused confusion in Mexico 3 General Winfield Scott captured Mexico City on Sept 14, 1787 III America Gains the Spoils of War A Losses 1 Out of evenly numbered armies (roughly 75,000) each a Mexico lost 25,000 men b US lost 13,000 (only 2,000 to war the rest due to diseases) Notes VUS6b: Expansion 7

8 B Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1 Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande border and gave the southwest territory to the US which would become the states of New Mexico, California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming 2 The US paid Mexico $15 Million for the territory C Gadsden Purchase President Franklin Pierce would authorize James Gadsden to pay Mexico an additional $10million for a piece of territory south of the Gila River 2 Established the modern border of the southwest III The California Gold Rush A The Beginning 1 May 29, 1848 the San Francisco newspaper, The Californian, published an article reporting that there had been gold found in the Sierra Nevada mountains 2 Migration to California went from 400 in 1848 to 44,000 in Forty-Niners people who rushed to California after hearing the first confirmed reports that there was gold in California B Gold Rush Brings Diversity 1 California s population grew to 120,000 by 1850 (only 8,000 in 1840) 2 Chinese were the largest group to come from overseas 3 Wealthiest free blacks in the country would reside in California 4 Became a state in 1850 Notes VUS6b: Expansion 8

9 The United States in 1860 Directions: Using p 296 of the text or a map you find on the internet, label the following on the map below: Texas, Indian Territory, New Mexico Territory, California, Oregon, Washington Territory, Nebraska Territory, Utah Territory, Kansas Territory Color in the territories/states that were added after 1830 one color and the rest of the US that were part of the US prior to 1830 another color Notes VUS6b: Expansion 9

10 Glossary VUS6b Expansion Directions: Fill in the definition for the term listed Then, in the box on the right, you have to draw a picture OR write the definition in your own words OR write a sentence using the word that demonstrates its meeting Manifest Destiny Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Empressario Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Gadsden Purchase Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Forty-Niners Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Notes VUS6b: Expansion 10

11 Summary DIRECTIONS: Choose only one of the following: a) write a summary (25-75 words) of what you believe was the most important aspect of the notes/lecture b) write what you believe to be the most interesting or memorable part of the notes/lecture (25-75 words) c) draw something that symbolizes the notes/lecture to you (has to be different than your title page) Notes VUS6b: Expansion 11