Chapter Introduction Section 1: Slavery and the West Section 2: A Nation Dividing Section 3: Challenges to Slavery Section 4: Secession and War

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2 Chapter Introduction Section 1: Slavery and the West Section 2: A Nation Dividing Section 3: Challenges to Slavery Section 4: Secession and War Visual Summary

3 Slavery and the West Essential Question Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism?

4 A Nation Dividing Essential Question How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?

5 Challenges to Slavery Essential Question What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?

6 Secession and War Essential Question What role did the theory of states rights play in the outbreak of the Civil War?

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10 Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism?

11 Reading Guide Content Vocabulary sectionalism fugitive secede abstain Academic Vocabulary temporary regulate

12 Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events Missouri Compromise Stephen A. Douglas Compromise of 1850

13 Rate your agreement with the following statement: It is better to compromise to get something accomplished than to stand 100% firm on what you believe. A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat agree C. Somewhat disagree D. Strongly disagree A A. A B. B C. C D. D 0% 0% 0% 0% B C D

14 The Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise temporarily resolved the issue of whether new states would be slave states or free states.

15 The Missouri Compromise (cont.) The many differences between the North and South grew into sectionalism. Missouri s request for statehood sparked a debate in Congress because it would disrupt the even balance of slave and free states. The Missouri Compromise of 1821 brought about a temporary lull in the debate. The Missouri Compromise

16 Who drafted the Missouri Compromise? A. Henry Clay B. James Monroe C. James Polk D. Thomas Jefferson A B A. A B. B C. C 0% 0% 0% 0% D. D C D

17 A New Compromise The Compromise of 1850 addressed several issues, including slavery in the territories.

18 A New Compromise (cont.) In the 1840s bitter debate erupted in Congress over whether territories acquired in the war with Mexico would be open to slavery. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina argued that Congress had no right to regulate or ban slavery in any territory.

19 A New Compromise (cont.) The Free-Soil Party was formed in response to the 1848 presidential candidates refusal to take a stand on the slavery issue. Whig Zachary Taylor won the election, but the Free-Soil Party gained several seats in Congress. New Territories and the Free-Soil Party

20 A New Compromise (cont.) The South demanded strong national fugitive slave acts and considered seceding if California entered the Union as a free state. Illinois senator Stephen A. Douglas ended the crisis by dividing Henry Clay s plan into parts that could be voted on separately. Though several Whigs abstained from the vote, five bills were passed which became known as the Compromise of 1850.

21 Which of the following was a proposal to ban slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico? A. The Compromise of 1850 B. The Wilmot Proviso C. The Missouri Compromise D. The Freeport Doctrine A A. A B. B C. C 0% 0% 0% 0% D. D B C D

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23 How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?

24 Reading Guide Content Vocabulary popular sovereignty border ruffians civil war Academic Vocabulary network inevitable

25 Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events Fugitive Slave Act Kansas-Nebraska Act John Brown

26 If you disagree with a law, do you have the right not to obey it? A. Yes, always B. No, never C. Only under certain circumstances A. A B. B C. C 0% 0% 0% A B C

27 The Fugitive Slave Act The Fugitive Slave Act required all citizens to help catch runaways, yet many Northerners refused to cooperate.

28 The Fugitive Slave Act (cont.) The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required all citizens to help catch runaways. Anyone who aided a fugitive could be fined or imprisoned.

29 The Fugitive Slave Act (cont.) After the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act, Southern slave owners stepped up their efforts to capture runaway slaves who made their way north along the network of safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.

30 What resulted from the Fugitive Slave Act? A. Passage of the law quieted widespread violence in Kansas and Nebraska. B. Most Northerners believed Southern slaveholders rights should be upheld. C. Abolitionists were jailed in the North. A A. A B. 0% B 0% 0% 0% C. C D. The law angered the North, convincing D. many D of the evils of slavery. B C D

31 The Kansas-Nebraska Act The Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted from another dispute over slavery in Congress.

32 The Kansas-Nebraska Act (cont.) Both Kansas and Nebraska were North of the 36 30'N latitude, meaning they would be free states when admitted to the Union. The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed for popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery. Slavery and Sectionalism

33 The Kansas-Nebraska Act (cont.) In Kansas a pro-slavery legislature was elected because of border ruffians from Missouri who voted in Kansas. Antislavery groups formed their own government. An outbreak of violence became inevitable, and a civil war erupted in Kansas. John Brown led antislavery forces in retaliation against pro-slavery attacks in Lawrence.

34 What was the main cause of the Civil War in Kansas? A. Dual governments set up by pro- and antislavery groups B. Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act A A. A B. B C. John Brown s attack on 0% Pottawatomie Creek C. C D. Invasion of Kansas by border ruffians D. D 0% 0% 0% B C D

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36 What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?

37 Reading Guide Content Vocabulary arsenal martyr Academic Vocabulary rigid topic

38 Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events Republican Party John C. Frémont James Buchanan Dred Scott Abraham Lincoln

39 Which political issue is most important to you? A. Foreign policy B. Domestic policy C. The economy D. Government reform A B A. A B. B C. C 0% 0% 0% 0% D. D C D

40 A New Political Party Opponents of slavery from different political parties came together to form the new Republican Party.

41 A New Political Party (cont.) In 1854, antislavery members of the Democratic, Whig, and Free-Soil parties joined together to form the Republican Party. The Republican Party was strong in the North and had almost no support in the South.

42 A New Political Party (cont.) In the 1856 presidential election, Republican John C. Frémont ran against Democrat James Buchanan, who supported the idea of popular sovereignty. In addition, former president Millard Fillmore ran as a member of the American, or Know-Nothing, Party. With voting along rigid sectional lines, Buchanan won the election. The Election of 1856

43 What is popular sovereignty? A. The idea that slaves should be free B. The idea that the popular vote, not electoral votes, should decide an election C. The joining together of members from different political parties to form a new party A A. A 0% B. B 0% 0% 0% B C. C D. The idea that each state or territory should decide on the issue of slavery independently D. D C D

44 The Dred Scott Case The Supreme Court s decision in the Dred Scott case dealt a severe blow to antislavery forces and further divided the country.

45 The Dred Scott Case (cont.) In 1846, enslaved African American Dred Scott sued for his freedom because he once lived in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was banned. The case reached the Supreme Court in Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the Court ruled: That Scott had no right to bring a lawsuit because he was not a citizen.

46 The Dred Scott Case (cont.) That an enslaved person was property and the Fifth Amendment prohibits Congress from taking away property without due process. The Missouri Compromise and popular sovereignty were unconstitutional. The ruling angered Republicans and further divided the country.

47 The Supreme Court s decision in the Dred Scott case stated which of the following? A. Enslaved persons could bring lawsuits. B. Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in any territory. C. The slave trade should be abolished. A A. A B. B 0% C. C 0% 0% 0% B D. D D. The Missouri Compromise was constitutional. C D

48 Lincoln and Douglas The Lincoln-Douglas debates placed the little-known Lincoln into the national spotlight.

49 Lincoln and Douglas (cont.) Republican Abraham Lincoln ran against Democrat Stephen A. Douglas in the 1858 Senate race in Illinois. Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates, the main topic of which was slavery, in the fall of Though he narrowly lost the election, Lincoln gained a national reputation as a clear thinker and persuasive speaker.

50 Lincoln and Douglas (cont.) In 1859, John Brown led a raid on an arsenal in Harper s Ferry, VA, in hopes of arming enslaved African Americans and starting a revolt against slaveholders. Brown was executed, but many antislavery Northerners saw him as a martyr for the Abolitionist cause.

51 What is the Freeport Doctrine? A. Lincoln s idea that slavery was morally wrong B. John Brown s speech on the gallows C. A series of debates held leading up to an election A A. A B. 0% B 0% 0% 0% C. C D. Douglas s idea that slavery could be excluded by refusing to pass D. laws D protecting slaveholders rights. B C D

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53 What role did the theory of states rights play in the outbreak of the Civil War?

54 Reading Guide Content Vocabulary secession states right Academic Vocabulary reject justify

55 Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events John Crittenden Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis Fort Sumter

56 Rate your agreement with the following statement: States should be allowed to leave the Union if they disagree with the policies of the federal government. A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat agree C. Somewhat disagree D. Strongly disagree A A. A B. B C. C 0% 0% 0% 0% D. D B C D

57 Secession Fearing that President Lincoln would not protect Southern rights, first South Carolina and then other states voted to leave the Union.

58 Secession (cont.) Abraham Lincoln, who ran on the platform that slavery could remain where it existed but should be excluded from the territories, won the 1860 presidential election against a divided Democratic Party. South Carolina voted to leave the Union in December of 1860.

59 Secession (cont.) John Crittenden of Kentucky suggested reinstating the Missouri Compromise to prevent the secession of other Southern states, but his plan was rejected by both North and South. In February 1861, seven states that had seceded from the Union created the Confederate States of America and chose Jefferson Davis as their president. Seceding States,

60 Secession (cont.) Southerners justified secession with the theory of states rights. In his Inaugural Address, Lincoln declared that secession would not be permitted and appealed to the South to keep peace in the Union.

61 Which was included in the platform of the Republican Party in the election of 1860? A. The question of slavery should be decided by popular sovereignty. B. In a free society, the minority had the right to break up the government. C. Slavery should be left where it existed but be excluded from the territories. A A. A B. B 0% 0% 0% 0% C. C D. The Missouri Compromise should be reinstated. B D. D C D

62 Fort Sumter The Civil War began when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina.

63 Fort Sumter (cont.) The Confederates demanded the surrender of Fort Sumter, which guarded the Charleston Harbor in South Carolina. Not wanting to provoke war with the Confederation, Lincoln sent unarmed supply ships to Fort Sumter.

64 Fort Sumter (cont.) Jefferson Davis ordered an attack on Fort Sumter before the Union relief ships could arrive, and the Civil War had begun. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas voted to join the Confederacy.

65 Why did Lincoln decide not to send armed troops to Fort Sumter? A. He wanted to leave the decision to start fighting up to the Confederates. B. The fort was already well stocked with ammunition. C. He feared loss of life of Union troops. A A. A B. 0% B 0% 0% 0% C. C D. He wanted to surrender Fort Sumter to the Confederates. B D. D C D

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88 sectionalism loyalty to a region

89 fugitive running away or trying to run away

90 secede to leave or withdraw

91 abstain to not take part in some activity, such as voting

92 temporary not lasting

93 regulate to control

94 popular sovereignty political theory that government is subject to the will of the people; before the Civil War, the idea that people living in a territory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be allowed there

95 border ruffian Missourian who traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas s election during the mid-1850s

96 civil war a conflict between citizens of the same country

97 network an interconnected system of people or things

98 inevitable unavoidable

99 arsenal a storage place for weapons and ammunition

100 martyr a person who sacrifices his or her life for a principle or cause

101 rigid firm and inflexible

102 topic subject of discussion

103 secession withdrawal from the Union

104 states rights rights and powers independent of the federal government that are reserved for the states by the Constitution; the belief that states rights supersede federal rights and law

105 reject refuse to accept

106 justify find reason to support

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