APUSH Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy

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1 Brandon Wolfe Period 0 APUSH Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy SH 1: The Accession of Tyler Too POTUS William Henry Harrison was expected to differ his power to Daniel Webster (secretary of state) and Henry Clay (Whig leader in the Senate) Harrison died 4 weeks after becoming POTUS John Tyler became POTUS and was a Democrat at heart o Ruined Whig s chance of truly having the office SH 2: John Tyler: A President Without a Party Whigs wanted financial reform Ended independent treasury system Bill for Fiscal Bank went through Congress o Tyler vetoed Whigs presented a Fiscal Corporation o Tyler vetoed Tyler signed the Tariff of 1842 SH 3: A War of Words with Britain Third War with England Fought with editorials in papers 1837 rebellion in Canada supported by Americans 1837: British sunk American ship Caroline, which had military supplies for the Canadians Britain offered asylum to 130 Virginia slaves who captured the American ship Creole SH 4: Manipulating the Maine Maps 1842 British wanted road from Halifax to Quebec o Road would run through disputed territory in Maine Aroostook War: small fights along border by lumberjacks London sent Lord Ashburton to Washington to settle the dispute SH 5: The Lone Star of Texas Shines Alone Mexico refused to recognize Texas independence Mexico threatened war if America protected Texas Texas allied with France, Holland and Belgium Britain wanted Texas to be independent from both America and Mexico

2 SH 6: The Belated Texas Nuptials Texas was the leading issue in the 1844 Presidential Election Democrats were pro expansion Whigs were against expansion POTUS Tyler acquired Texas in 1845 to become 28 th state, as a Lame Duck Democrat James K. Polk won 1844 election SH 7: Oregon Fever Populates Oregon Spain, Russia, Britain and America all claimed parts of Oregon Spain gave up American territory with Florida Treaty of 1819 Russia gave up its land with treaties in 1824 and 1825 Britain controlled north of the Columbia River and the US controlled below it Oregon Issue became popular in the 1844 Presidential Election SH 8: A Mandate (?) for Manifest Destiny Whigs chose Henry Clay Democrats chose James K. Polk In the1840s and 1850s Manifest Destiny spread across America Expansionists slogan for Oregon was Fifty-four forty of fight Polk won and was known as Young Hickory Clay would have won if he had not Lost New York by 5,000 votes o The Liberty Party absorbed 16,000 votes in New York, many of which would have gone to Clay SH 9: Polk the Purposeful Polk had 4 main goals as president o A lower tariff o Restore the independent treasury: Whigs dropped in 1841 o Acquire California without violence o Acquire Oregon Country without violence Secretary of Treasury devised the Walker Tariff of 1846 o Lowered tariff from 32% to 25% Independent treasury was restored in 1846 Polk and Britain peacefully agreed to split the Oregon Country at the 49 th parallel SH 10: Misunderstandings with Mexico 1845 California population was Spanish-Mexicans and Native Americans Polk wanted to buy The California Bear Flag Republic o Relations with Mexico were poor due to annexation of Texas Polk sent John Slidell to buy California for $25 million o Offer was rejected

3 SH 11: American Blood on American (?) Soil January 13, 1846 Zachary Taylor orders 4,000 men into the Rio Grande May 9, 1846 Polk asked congress to declare war o Polk stated that American blood was spilled on American soil Then Whig Abraham Lincoln requested information to the precise spot o He pushed his Spot Resolutions with such persistence that he became Spotty Lincoln SH 12: The Mastering of Mexico American Captain/Generals in the Mexican American War: o Captain John C. Frémont happened to be in California with soldiers before the war began o General Stephen W. Kearny defeated the Mexicans in Santa Fe o General Zachary Taylor: Future POTUS Won many victories, including the Battle of Buena Vista o General Winfield Scott defeated Santa Anna SH 13: Fighting Mexico for Peace Nicholas P. Trist signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848 The treaty ceded Texas and the area that included California for $15 million o Mexico lost about half of its land Antislavery Whigs in Congress (Conscience Whigs) opposed the treaty Expansionist opposed the treaty because they wanted all of Mexico SH 14: Profit and Loss in Mexico Mexican War provided field experience for the Civil War generals David Wilmot proposed an amendment that stated that the territory from Mexico would be slave-free This Wilmot Proviso never passed the Senate because southern members did not want to remove the possibility of new land not become a slave states Key Terms: Tariff of 1842 o Passed under Tyler o Lowered tariff to 32% Caroline o An American Steamer carrying supplies to the revolting Canadians o Sunk by the British Creole o British officials in the Bahamas offered asylum to the 130 Virginia slaves who captured this American ship

4 Aroostook War o Maine lumberjacks camped along the Aroostook River to oust the Canadians In disputed territory o Webster-Ashburn treaty settles dispute Manifest Destiny o Belief that god had manifestly destined the American people for a hemispheric career Fifty-four forty or fight o The slogan for the expansionist who wanted all of the Oregon Country Liberty Party o Tiny antislavery party o Took votes away from Clay which made him lose New York and thus the election o Ironically the anti-texas Liberty party by spoiling Clay s chances ensured the election of pro-texas Polk Walker Tariff o Passed under Polk o Lowered tariff from 32% to 25% Spot Resolutions o Proposed by then Whig (Whigs against War) Abraham Lincoln o Was the spot of where the 16 American service men who died in America or Mexico? California Bear Flag Republic o The short time period between when John C. Frémont defeated the Mexicans in California and declared California a Republic and when the US granted California statehood Battle of Buena Vista: February 22-23, 1847 o Zachary Taylor s 5,000 men were attacked by Santa Anna s some 20,000 men o Taylor s army defeated the Mexicans and overnight he became The Hero of Buena Vista Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo o Signed on February 2, 1848 o America received Texas and the enormous area stretching westward to Oregon and the ocean, which included California Conscience Whigs o Antislavery Whigs in Congress o Denounced this damnable war Wilmot Proviso o Never passed the Senate, but passed the house twice o Stated that slavery should never exist in any new territory gained from Mexico o Symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories

5 People To Know: John Tyler o Elected as William Henry Harrison s Vice President o Became POTUS 4 weeks into term, 10 th POTUS: o Ran in Whig party, but a Democrat at heart James K. Polk o Democrat, elected as the 11 th POTUS o Expansionist: wanted to get California and settle the Oregon Country dispute Stephen W. Kearny o Captured Santa Fe, Mexico John C. Frémont o Happened to be in California with several dozen well-armed men when the war started o Defeated the Mexicans in California Winfield Scott o War hero from War of 1812 o Defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War Nicholas P. Trist o Chief Clerk in State Department o Sent to Mexico to negotiate peace treaty o Summoned to Return before he opened negotiations o Stayed anyway and signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo David Wilmot o Democratic Representative from Pennsylvania o Proposed the Wilmot Proviso Amendment