Global Studies - Final Exam

Transcription

1 Name: ANSWER KEY Class: Global Studies - Date: Mr Wallace Global Studies - Final Exam Directions: For each of the following, choose the BEST answer available 1) The United States "founding fathers" were not influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers 2) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke shared the same views concerning human nature and the role of government 3) To protect what they called the "old order," most government and church authorities practiced censorship, restricting access to ideas and information 4) Frederick the Great openly criticized Voltaire's work and ideas 5) Britian controlled the slave trade in Spanish America in the 1700s, which brings massive wealth to British merchants 6) The Treaty of Ultrect ended the American Revolution in ) c Thomas Hobbes 8) a laissez faire 9) d Montesquieu 10) b Rousseau 11) e natural law a) economic policy that allows business to operate with little government interference b) put his faith in the general will of the people c) believed in a powerful government d) thought government powers should be divided among three branches e) rules discovered by the use of reason

2 12) The philosophe who used sarcasm to expose government abuse was a) de Staël b) Diderot c) Montesquieu d) Voltaire 13) How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment? a) It gave monarchs more power b) It helped factories to grow larger and factory owners to become rich c) It encouraged people to use reason to try to understand social, political, and economic issues d) It extended the natural rights of European citizens 14) Which book stated that only freely elected governments should impose control on people? a) Leviathan b) The Social Contract c) The Critique of Pure Reason d) The Wealth of Nations 15) Influential opponents of the Enlightenment included a) enlightened despots b) church authorities c) the philosophes d) Defoe and Haydn 16) A literary form that developed during the Enlightenment was a) the novel b) the epic poem c) the short story d) the lyric poem 17) The pope set up the Council of Trent to a) fight Protestantism by rooting out heresy b) direct the reform of the Catholic Church c) translate the Bible into the vernacular 18) In the 1600s, Robert Boyle's work transformed the field of a) medicine b) astronomy c) chemistry 19) The city of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under its leader a) John Calvin b) Ulrich Zwingli c) Martin Luther 20) René Descartes believed that the best way to learn truth was to use a) human reasoning b) experimentation c) observation

3 21) The term Renaissance means "rebirth" 22) Martin Luther's 95 Theses was addressing the Protestant Church's abuses called indulgences 23) Francis Bacon believed that the best way to learn truth was to use a) human reasoning b) experimentation and observation c) observation and human reasoning d) none of these 24) d Henry VIII 25) c Galileo Galilei 26) b Micheangelo 27) e Heliocentric 28) a Geocentric a) Earth-centered view of the universe b) Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; also sculpted the statue of David c) Improved the telescope; observed the moons of Jupiter in orbit d) Wanted an annulment from his wife to marry Anne Boleyn; became head of the Church of England e) Sun-centered view of the universe 29) Which statement best describes the religious persecution of the 1500s and 1600s? a) Only Jews were persecuted b) Persecution was widespread c) Jews persecuted Catholics d) Persecution ended in ) Which Renaissance ideal did Shakespeare's work explore? a) complexity of the individual b) realism c) religious devotion d) feminism 31) e Prince Henry 32) a Goa 33) c Moluccas 34) b Qing 35) d Affonso I a) an island off the coast of India seized by the Portuguese in 1510 b) Dynasty that ruled China after the decline of the Ming dynasty c) Island chain once called the Spice Islands d) The ruler of Kongo who tried to halt the slave trade in his lands e) Leader in sponsoring exploration for Portugal was 36) Who controlled trade between Asia and Europe in the 1400s? a) the Spanish and the Portuguese b) Arabs and Italians c) Moluccans and Italians d) the Spanish and Arabs

4 37) What critical mistake did Columbus make when he left Spain in 1492? a) He greatly overestimated Earth s size b) He believed the earth was flat c) He greatly underestimated Earth s size d) He had not planned for bad weather 38) The Line of Demarcation divided world trade and exploration rights between the a) Portuguese and Dutch b) Spanish and Portuguese c) Spanish and Dutch d) Dutch and English 39) The southern tip of Africa became known as the Cape of Good Hope because a) rounding it gave sailors hope they would return home safely b) its calm seas provided shelter from the stormy Atlantic c) rounding it gave sailors a direct sea route to Asia d) it was the sailors first sight of land since they left home 40) Unlike China and Korea, Japan at first a) rejected any contact with Europeans b) became a Christian nation c) welcomed European traders d) defeated European invaders 41) The Boers were a) British farmers b) Portuguese traders c) Dutch farmers d) African warriors 42) Why did Chinese traders demand payment for their goods in gold or silver? a) European trading goods were superior to Chinese goods b) European trading goods were inferior to Chinese goods c) They did not want European silk and porcelain d) They wanted to prevent contact with Europeans 43) In the early 1600s, Ming China was conquered by a) the Koreans b) the Portuguese c) the Japanese d) the Manchus 44) In the late 1500s and early 1600s, Korea was invaded by a) both the Manchus and Japan b) Japan c) the Manchus d) both Great Britain and Japan 45) The first European country to gain a foothold in Asia was a) Portugal b) Spain c) the Netherlands d) Great Britain 46) How did the Dutch East India Company come to dominate Asian trade? a) It was tightly controlled by government b) It had sovereign powers c) It tried to convert natives to Christianity d) It was interested in trading for spices

5 47) The Columbian Exchange refers to the a) spread of deadly diseases around the world b) flow around the world of new plants, animals, and people c) transporting of slaves to the Americas d) trade of land between Spain and Portugal in the Americas 48) One result of the "putting-out" system was the a) weakening of the guild system b) creation of joint-stock companies c) rapid rise in prices d) increased importance of banks 49) Colonies were important in the mercantile system because they a) paid high taxes on exported goods b) provided natural resources and markets c) invented the putting-out system d) were able to reverse the price revolution 50) a Tenochtitlán 51) e Privateers 52) b Revenues 53) d Compact 54) c triangular trade a) the capital of the Aztec empire b) Monies taken in through taxes c) The linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas d) An agreement among people or nations e) pirates, called, operated with the approval of European governments 55) With whom did Hernán Cortés arrange alliances? a) the Aztecs b) the enemies of the Aztecs c) the Taíno d) the Incas 56) Francisco Pizarro was the conquistador who defeated a) Cortés b) the Maya c) the Inca d) the Taíno 57) Two social groups that reflected the mixing of populations were the a) mulattoes and the creoles b) mestizos and the mulattoes c) creoles and the peninsulares d) mestizos and the peons 58) An area of South America that was not controlled by the Spanish was the a) Portuguese colony in Panama b) Portuguese colony in Brazil c) French colony in Brazil d) Dutch colony in Argentina 59) The most important economic activity in New France was a) farming b) growing tobacco c) fur trapping and trading d) importing slaves from Africa

6 60) What activity turned around the English colony at Jamestown? a) growing and exporting tobacco b) fishing for cod c) trapping and selling furs d) growing and exporting corn 61) The term floating coffins refers to a) coffins left behind by ships b) slave ships c) slave warehouses in Africa d) boxes molasses was shipped in 62) The biggest threat to captives on slave ships was a) disease b) mutiny c) cruel whippings d) raids by pirates 63) e westernization 64) d autocratic 65) a boyar 66) b St Petersburg 67) c partition a) landowning nobles b) new capital city built by Peter the Great; often seen as a symbol of his efforts to modernize Russia c) a division into pieces (to divide up) d) rule with unlimited authority e) adoption of Western ideas, technology, and culture 68) Spain's greatest writer, the author of Don Quixote, was a) Diego Velázquez b) Lope de Vega c) El Greco d) Miguel de Cervantes 69) Louis XIV expanded his power by a) staging an uprising called the Fronde b) having Bishop Bossuet executed c) outlawing the levée d) building a strong army 70) The Dutch and the English wanted to maintain a balance of power to a) prevent France from dominating Europe b) allow Phillip V to rule Spain and Germany c) expel Muslims and Jews from Spain d) support a splendid century 71) Which phrase best describes the Tudor monarchs' relations with Parliament? a) angry and tense b) respectful and cooperative c) royal and absolutist d) confused and unproductive 72) The Restoration refers to a) the reestablishment of the rule of Parliament b) the replacement of the Church of England c) the reestablishment of the monarchy d) the return of Puritan ideas

7 73) Which country gained territory in the Peace of Westphalia? a) Bohemia b) France c) Germany d) the Netherlands 74) At the end of the Seven Years' War, a) France controlled Africa b) Great Britain had a huge empire c) Prussia and Austria were united d) Russia was an ally of Britain 75) True or False After deciding the Hapsburg Empire was to scattered and cumbersome for any one person to rule, Charles V gave up his crown, divided his empire, and entered a monastery in ) b Puritans 77) d Cabinet 78) e Oliver Cromwell 79) a Constitutional Government 80) c Charles I a) In a, power is defined and limited by law b) A group called wanted to purify the Church of England of Catholic practices c) The execution of caused shock waves through- out Europe d) A small group of advisers to the king became known as the e) The leader of the Roundheads,, was a skilled general who later led the English Commonwealth