(S. DUNGA) Those are the sort of things which would be

Transcription

1 (S. DUNGA) it is necessary for the interpreter or the translator, or it is necessary for the translator or the interpreter to be as proficient in the one language as he is in the other language? That is correct, My Lord. The expressions that I have read out to you, 5 which I have asked you to translate or interpret, are ordinary everyday expressions and sentences, are they not? Those are the sort of things which you would hear at meetings? Yes, it is quite possible. And not shall we say highflown Xosa which 10 would only be used when addressing people like doctors or lawyers. Those are the sort of things which would be used in Xosa by addressing ordinary people? Yes. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY MR. BERRANGE. RE-EXAMINED BY MR. HOEXTER ; 15 You were questioned this morning about the internal policies of the African National Congress, and it was put to you that certain speakers, at some of the meetings, and more particularly Motsele, Madzunya and Mashamaite belong today to a splinter group, and their 20 policies could be distinguished from that of the African National Congress. Is that right? That is correct. Now can you tell Their Lordships at what point of time these three people, and some of the other people that were mentioned, at what point of time did 25 their paths diverge from that of the African National Congress? It was... Let me help you. Was it before or after - if you can remember... BY MR. FISCHER : 30 I would prefer the witness not to be led, My Lord.

2 (S. DUNGA) BY MR. HOEXTER s When was it? It was after - I should sayit was after March, NO FURTHER QUESTIONS. BY MR. JUSTICE RUMPFF s 5 What is the Xosa word for "fight" when I say "I fight against my enemy"? "Dhala le ta lwame"???? That is the Xosa expression. Is that basically - does that basically mean a physical fight, I fight him with my fist, or is it not 10 confined to that? It is not confined to a physical fight. But the origins The origin was confined to fighting physically. Assume there is a Xosa kraal, and two of the 15 ild people argue, with each other about certain cattle, the one says that is my ox and the other says no, it is my ox. And they quarrel the whole morning. Now in English you would say "they are fighting about the ox"? That is correct. 20 Now what would you say in Xosa? WITNESS REPLIES IN XOSA). use the same words. Would you use the same word? You would And the word "defeat". When you say in 25 English, "I defeat my enemy", what is the word that you would use in Xosa? (WITNESS REPLIES IN XOSA). Basically, does that also come from a physical defeat, when you fight with your opponent with fists for instance or the assegai and you get him under, you kill 30 him? Yes.

3 (S. DUNGA) When two old men argue about an ox and the matter is taken to the chief and he decides, and the one loses? You still use the same word. The same word as you would in the other case Yes. The two words that you can put into the record are "fight - ukulwa" and "defeat - ukoyisa". (CONTINUED ON PAGE 10070). '^smwa -

4 OMISSIONS FROM PAGE 9 OF SCHEDULE 1 - PART A RELATING TO DOCUMENTS COVERED BY COMMUNIST DOCTRINE AS EXPOUNDED BY PROF. MURRAY. T.T. 28: " 1. That this conference of the C.Y.L. reaffirms its belief in the inevitable triumph of the African people, in their struggle for national liberation under the banner of African Nationali sm. The Nationalism of the A.N.C. and the Youth League is a healthy, progressive and democratic nationalism aimed at the destruction of fascism, colonialism and war, and at the creation of a new Africa in which mans inhumanity to man will be a thing of the past# Conference realises that a strong, self reliant, independent African leadership is the only guarantee of genuine co-operation between all groups in S.A. fighting for democracy." "5. That the African people must prepare for renewed attacks on the liberation movement and its leaders whatever the outcome of the present election farce in S.A. Only by uniting round the A.N.C. and its militant programme can these attacks be met." "7- That this conference provisionally accepts the new constitution and advises that it be distributed to all branches for their further comments and suggestions which must be received by H.Q. not later than the 31st October The constitution will be finally adopted and binding on the League at its next annual conference. '8. That this conference recognizes the need for the C.Y.L. to develop strong links with other progressive movements in Africa and in other parts of the world who are engaged in struggles against colonialism and national appression. The incoming executive is hereby instructed to do all in its power to foster, advance and strengthen

5 such relations. 9. That this conference registers its horror at the anti-african war being waged by the British imperialists in Kenya. Conference realised the Mau Mau is an invention of the British imperialists who are using this trick as an excuse to crush the Kenya African Union and its leadership. Conference expresses full solidarity with the struggle of the people of Kenya led by the K.A.U. and its leader Jomo Kenyatta." "12. Conference condemns the attempt by the U.S. and its allies to make Africa a base in a war against the Soviet Union. Conference serves notice on all imperialist powers the Africans will never into a war against the Soviet Union but on the contrary resolves to intensify the struggle against all powers having colonies in Africa. 13. Conference on behalf of the Youth of S.A. expresses its deepest sympathy with the peoples of the Soviet Union, who have lost a leader and father through the death of Marshal J.V. Stalin. J.V, Stalin was not an architect of the Soviet Union, but he had pledged himself to the cause of worldpeace and national liberation of oppressed peoples throughout the world. In this respect the death of Stalin is a blow to all peaceful and freedom-loving peoples of the world. The Youth of S.A. hope that the noble ideals of Stalin have been left as a heritage for the Soviet Union and the world, and the greatest memorial to him would be to strive so that peace and freedom ultimately dominate the world. 14. The Youth of S.A. express their solidarity with the peoples of Rhodesia who under the leadership of Congress are fighting against federation."

6 T.E.T. 69. Page 4. D. Impact of Imperialism on African Tribal Social structure 8- (a) Political System with the Chief as centre maintained for other purposes, for the purpose of control of tribes as reservoirs of labour. (b) Tribal System used by Imperialists as a means of exploitation. Integrated into the Capitalist System of control and exploitation of labour. (c) Migration of labour:- Destroyed foundations of tribal system its coherence, its sanctions, its moral code, its social organisation and its family system. functions. Sapped its vitality and ended its protective Tribal system became an empty form, perpetuated for purely exploitative purposes vixs- farming and gold mining interests anxious to maintain tribal system so as to get docile, backward, ignorant gagged and cheap labour. (d) Land Robbery1- Destroyed basis for development of a creative communialistic economy, peasantry, Lands basis of tribal autonomys- Grabbire tribesmen helpless into hands of Capitalists. (e) Growth of Industry and Rise of Towns:- Led to rise of new urban population, mostly of factory workers. Rise of town-dwellers and urban and industrial proletariat. In direct contact with a complex society and advanced techniques of production have a sharpened consciousness and a new basis of solidarity." Page ^8 "The forces of genuine African Nationalism should create powerful revolutionary basis in the larger towns first

7 (inn a few of them to start with) and gradually widen and broaden their influence. The process should be embarked upon similtaniously with the building of an Africanistic leadership from the ranks ofs- (i) The Urban Intellectual, the workers, the lawyers and doctors, the progressive teachers, and militant traders. (ii) The Trade Unions should be given an Africanistic orientation, and be lined up behind the National Liberation Movement. The workers should be regarded priority number one in all industrial areas. (c) tenants. Squatters etc in European-owned farms?- The relationship of the white farmer and the vast labour reserve of black working people on their farms are feudal istic. Weight of poverty and ignorance crushes them down, and grinds them under its merciless wheel. This section too weak, ignorant and down-trodden to be organised for struggle just now. They will have to be liberated. Intensive propaganda should be directed at them through.agents trained for the purpose, so that at the right moment they should give support to the National Liberation Movement. (d) Growing group of Intellectuals?- The missionary Institutions and colleges produced an ever growing group of intellectuals. (i) No affinities with tribalism - generally hostile to tribesmen, (ii) Not accepted in European society, (iii) Future lies with the African leaders, (iv) Lack strong discipline of a philosophy liberalism ceases to appeal - African Nationalism supplants

8 Liberalism* (v) Africanistic Movement must gain intellectual conquest of African intelligentsia, (vi) Prom their ranks: revolutionary leadership to be produced. (e) Tasks of Africanistic Movement:- (i) To ensure maximum ideological unity masses of people, (e.g. Tremendous successes scored: Slogans, Afrika sign.) Significance of Philosophy of Africanism. (ii) To build a Revolutionary Peasant Leadership and Rure basis: using lawyers, doctors, ministers, progressive teachers and traders. (iii) To secure the intellectual and philosical conquest of intellectuals. Port Hare should be made the bastion of Africanism, (iv) To build a principled urban proletarian leadershipdisciplined by the creed of African Nationalism and by the philosophy of Africanism. To create revolutionary urban basis as a testing ground for our programmes and political theories, (v) To co-ordinate the Urban and Rural struggle of the workers and peasantsl - (vi) To build the fighting power of the people on the basis of urban-rural co-operation." Page 8. "(g) Afrikaner Nationalism Aimss- (i) At eliminating progressive trends among Trade Unions. (ii) Bringing white workers more closely into the white camp, thus ensuring white solidarity. (iii) Maintaining the imperialist super-structure and em-

9 phasising the colonial relations, and intensifying the subjugation of the Black millions." Page 11. B. IF WAR DOES NOT BREAK OUT IN THE NEAR FUTURE. If war does not break out in the near future, we may expect two alternative developmentss- (l) NATIONAL COUP d'etat: All facts point to preparation by Malanites for a coup d'etats- (a) (b) Skiet Commandoes. Ideological penetration of Police force. (c) Malanzi orientation for Civil Service. (d) Malanisation of leadership of the armed forces and expulsion of doubtful elements. (e) Use of parliamentary machinery to pave the way for Afrikander republic. (f) Use of force to quell opposition. (g) Indications that the electoral machinery may be manipulated and that there might be sham elections with all the accompaniments of bullying, lying intimidation, hysteria, bloodshed and confusion. (h) Indications that deliberate effort might be made to create chaos and then stage a military coup to restore order, abolish civil liberties, declare martial law and institute dictatorship. RESULTSi- The results might almost certain be civil war. (i) Natal provides a base and perhaps the Cape, (ii) The Witwatersrand area - also a foothold for anti-malanite forces., (iii) There might be a split in the armed forces - land air and naval, (iv) Torch Commando - Core of experienced anti nazi

10 soldiers - vanguard of civil war. Torch C. threat of 'force with force', (v) Intervention by America and Britain and by U.N.O. Might result in formation of coalition 'caretaker' Government. South Africa converted into centre of Western imperialist war preparations. End of Afrikaander independency. Role of International Capital. ROLE OF AFRICAN NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT: (a) If an Afrikaander Broederbond republic established (i) Mass arrest of African and non- European leaders, (ii) Chiefs and weak-kneed sections among the coloured, Indian and African elite would play a collaborationist role. (iii) An attempt to demoralize the masses and offer them sop of apartheid,"

11 Collection: 1956 Treason Trial Collection number: AD1812 PUBLISHER: Publisher:- Location: Historical Papers, The Library, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg LEGAL NOTICES: Copyright Notice: All materials on the Historical Papers website are protected by South African copyright law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, or otherwise published in any format, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Disclaimer and Terms of Use: Provided that you maintain all copyright and other notices contained therein, you may download material (one machine readable copy and one print copy per page) for your personal and/or educational non-commercial use only. People using these records relating to the archives of Historical Papers, The Library, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, are reminded that such records sometimes contain material which is uncorroborated, inaccurate, distorted or untrue. While these digital records are true facsimiles of paper documents and the information contained herein is obtained from sources believed to be accurate and reliable, Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand has not independently verified their content. Consequently, the University is not responsible for any errors or omissions and excludes any and all liability for any errors in or omissions from the information on the website or any related information on third party websites accessible from this website.