SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY PRIMARY SOURCES

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1 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY PRIMARY SOURCES Chou, En-1ai, Kuanyil chih shihfln tzu win t'i ti pao kao (Report on the Problem cif Intellectuals). Peking: Jen min ch'u pan sm, Engels, Frederick, TzU jan pien chbtgfa (Dialectics cif Nature). Shanghai: San lien sm, , Anti-Duhring. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, Khrushchev, N. S., Report of the Central Committee cif the CPSU to the 20th Party Congress. Moscow, , Improvement cif Industrial Management in the USSR. London: Soviet News, , Control Figures for the &onomic Development of the USSRfor Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, , "Concluding Speech at the 22nd Congress of the CPSU," The Road to Communism, Documents of the 22nd Congress cif the CPSU. Moscow, Lenin, V. I., Sochineniia (Collected Works). 30 vols. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo, , Filoscifskie tetradi (Philosophical Notebooks). Moscow: , Selected Works. 2 vo1s. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, , V. I. and Sta1in,J. V., Lun Chung-kuo (On China). Peking: Chieh fang sm, Liu, Shao-chi, How to Be a Good Communist (1939). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , On Inner Party Struggle (1941). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , Chung kung tsai ti hou tsou liao hsieh shih mo (What Did the Chinese Communist Party Accomplish in the Rear?) (1941). Malaya: Chung ma ch'u pan sm, , Kung Ch'ang kuan li chi ch'iln chung kung tso (The Supervision of Factory and the Mass Work) (1944). Peking: Kung jen sm, , On the Party (1945). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , Chung-kuo lao kungyiln tung hsiao shih (Historical Sketch of the Chinese Labor Movement). Darien: Chen Ii sm, , Internationalism and Nationalism (1948). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , Lun kuo chi chu iyu min tsu chu i (Internationalism and Nationalism). Peking: Chieh fang sm, , "China Enters the Era of People's Democracy," China Digest, (October, 1949), pp , "May Day Address," People's China, I (May, 1950), supplement. -, "On the Agrarian Reform Law," The Agrarian Reform Law cif the People's Republic of China. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , "On the Party's Mass Line," People's China, II (July, 1950), , "Address on the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Communist Party of China," People's China, IV (July, 1951), , "On the People's Representative Conferences," People's China, III (April, 1951), , "Speech at Nineteenth Congress of the CPSU," People's China, (November, 1952), pp , "An Address on the Third Anniversary of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance," People's China, (March, 1953), pp , Tsai Chung-kuo kung hui ti ch'i tz'u ch'uan kuo tai piao ta hui shang ti chu t'zu (SPeech to

2 BIBLIOGRAPHY 113 the Seventh National Conference of the All-China Trade Union}. Peking: Kung jen she, , "Report of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party to the Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee," (excerpts only) People's China, (March, 1954), p. 5. -, "Report on the Draft Constitution of the People's Republic of China," People's China, (October, 1954), pp , "The Political Report of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Eighth National Congress of the Party," Hsin hua panyiieh k'an, (October, 1956), pp , "Report of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party to the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth National Congress," Hsin huapanyiieh k'an (June, 1958), pp , "The Victory of Marxism-Leninism in China," Peking Review, (October, 1959), pp , "A Speech at a Meeting Held at Nguyen Ai Quoc Party School," Peking Review, (May 24, 1963), pp , "A Speech Delivered by Chairman Liu at the Hanoi Mass Rally," Peking Review, (May 17, 1963), pp Mao, Tse-tung, Red China. London: Martin Lawrence Ltd., , Wang, Ming and others. China: The March Toward Unity. New York: Workers' Library Publishers, , "On Contradiction (1937)," People's China, (July 1, 1952), pp. 4-15; (July 16, 1952), pp , "How China Can Win," China Weekbt Review, (September, 1938), pp , Lun ch'ih chiu chan (On Protracted War). Yenan: Chieh fang sh@, , The New Stage. Chungking: New China Information Committee, , Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party of China (1939). Bombay: People's Publishing House, Ltd., , Introductory Remarks to "The Communist," (1939). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , New Democracy (1940). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , Lun ching chi wh! t'i chi ts' ai ching wh! t'i (On Economic Problems andfinancial Problems). Chieh fang sh@, , Turning Point in China (1947). New York: New Century Publishers, , Tsai Chin Sui kang pu hui i shing ti chiang hua (Speech to the Ching-Sui Cadre Conference). An-tung jih pao, , People's Democratic Dictatorship (1949). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , "Questions and Answers," Hsiieh hsi, III, (February, 1951),22. -, "The Greatest Friendship," People's China, (March, 1953), pp , Hsilan chi (Selected Works). 3 vols. Peking: J@n min ch'u pan she, , Selected Works. 4 vols. London: Lawrence & Wishart, Ltd., , "The Question of Agricultural Co-operation," People's China, (November, 1955), pp , "Opening Address at the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China," People's China, (October, 1956), pp , "Preface to 'The Surging Tide of Socialism in China's Countryside,'" People's China, (February, 1956), pp , "The Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People," The New rork Times, June 19, 1957, pp , Selected Works. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , Selected Military Writings. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, , "Statement on Supporting American Negroes' Struggle," Jh! min sho chi. Peking: Ta kung pao, 1963.,

3 114 BIBLIOGRAPHY Marx, Karl, Selected Works. 2 vols. London: Lawrence & Wishart Ltd., Marx, Karl and Engels, Frederick, The Communist Manifesto. New York: N.Y. Labor News Co., Stalin, J. V., Doklad 0 proekte Konstitutsii Soiuza SSR na chrezvychainom (On the Draft Constitution of the USSR). Moscow: Partiinoe izdatel'stvo, , History of the C.P.S.U. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, , Sochineniia (Collected Works). 13 vols. Moscow: Institut Marksa-Engel'sa-Lenina, , Lun Chung-kuo ko ming wen t'i (On the Problems of Chinese Revolution). Shanghai: Shih tai she, , Lien kung chungyang tsai shih ssu chich ch'iian kuo tai Piao ta hui shang ti cheng chih pao kao (The Political Report of the Central Committee of the CPSU to the Fourteenth National Congress of the Parry). Peking:Jen min ch'u pan she, , Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, Suslov, M. A., "On the Struggle ofthe CPSU for the Solidarity of the International Communist Movement," Pravda, April 3, 1964, pp Trotsky, L. D., Permanentnaia revoliutsiia (Permanent Revolution). Berlin, SECONDARY SOURCES Ai, Ssu-ch'i, Li shih wei wu lun chi she huifa chan shih (Historical Materialism and History of Social Development). Peking: San lien she, Anderson, Thornton, Masters of Russian Marxism. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, Bowie, R. R. and Fairbank,J. K. (eds.), Communist China, : Policy Documents with Ana(ysis. Cambridge: Harvard University, Press, Brandt, Conrad, Stalin's Failure in China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Brandt, Conrad; Schwartz, Benjamin and Fairbank, John., A Documentary History of Chinese Communism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, The Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party. "A Proposal concerning the General Line of the International Communist Movement," Peking Review, (June 21, 1963), pp Chernyayev, A., "Communists and Socialists: Prospects for Co-operation," Kommunist, (May, 1964), pp Fainsod, Merle, How Russia Is Ruled. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, "From a Party of the Working Class to a Party of the Entire Soviet People," Pravda, April 22, 1964, pp Gelder, Stuart, The Chinese Communists. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., Hsin Chung-kuo jen wu chih (Who's l1'ho in New China). Hong Kong: Chou mo pao she, Hu, Hua, Chung-kuo hsin min chu chu i ko ming shih (The History of Chinese New Democratic Revolution). Shanghai: Hsin hua she, Hunt, R. N. Carew, The Theory and Practice of Communism. New York: The Macmillan Co., Kudryavtsev, V., "National Egoism ofcpc Leaders Combines with Neocolonialism," Izvestia, August 2, 1964, p. 3. Liao, Kai-lung, Hsin Chung-kuo shih tsenyang tan sheng ti (How the New China Was Born). Shanghai: Hai yen shu tien, MacFarquhar, Roderick, The Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Chinese Intellectual. New York: F. A. Praeger, Inc., Meyer, Alfred, Leninism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.

4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 115 "More on the Differences between Comrade Togliatti and Us," Peking Review, (March 15, 1963), pp "On Some Aspects of Party Life in the Communist Party of China," Pravda, April 28, 1964, pp. 5-6; April 29, 1964, pp "Peaceful Co-existence--Two Diametrically Opposed Policies," Peking Review, (December 20, 1963), pp Perleberg, Max, Who's Who in Modem China. Hong Kong: Ye aide Printerie, Ltd., Pipes, Richard, The Formation of the Soviet Union. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Schram, Stuart R., The Political Thought rif Mao Tse-tung. New York: F. A. Praeger, Inc., Schwartz, Benjamin, Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Shih, Pan, "Comments on Engels' French and German Peasant Problem," Hsiieh hsi, (December, 1951), pp Snow, Edgar, Red Star over China. New York: Random House, Ss11 hsiangfangfa lun (On Method of Thinking). Peking: Chieh fang she, Tao, Kuan-yun, Chung-kuo hsin min chu chu i ko ming shih hua ( The History of the Chinese New Democratic Revolution). Mukden: Kuang hua shu tien, Ulam, A. B., The New Face of Soviet Totalitarianism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Wang, I-shih, K'ang chan i ch'ien ti Chung-kuo kung ch'an tang (The Chinese Communist Parry before the War of Resistance). Chungking: Sheng Ie she, Wu, Kiang, "Lenin and Stalin Commenting on the Problem of Uniting the Middle Peasants," Hsileh hsi, (November 1953), pp Zagoria, Donald, The Sino-Soviet Conflict, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962.

5 INDEX Bauer, Otto, 91 Chiang Kai-shek, 5, 7,42 China economic classes, bourgeoisie, 26-29, 34, 41, 60 landed gentry, 25-26,33,41 peasantry, proletariat, history of, 21, present conditions in, socialism in, Chinese Communist Party, 2-8, 56, 64, 68, 78,81,82,98, 100, 106 Chinese Soviet Republic, 3, 67 Chinese state and government constitution, form, nature, Chou En-lai, 7 Chu Teh, 7 Class struggle, 34, 37, 38, 53, 54, 58, 60-61,92,94-96 Collective ownership, 33, 34, 35, 37, Communists, ethics of, Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), 104, 106 Contradiction, 9, 10, II, 12,21,27, 37, 58,66 basic theories on, 9-14, 107 in New Democratic society, semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, socialist society, 58-59, 109 omnipresence of, Cooperative (senior), 62,63 Democratic centralism, 71-73,81-82 Dialectical materialism, 9-14, "Double Ten Agreement", 5 Engels, Frederick, 9, 19, 26, 30,47, 51, 57,58,61,62 on Communist party, 76 nationalism, 91 state, 66 "withering away" of the state, 74 Historical materialism, Imperialism, 33,36,41,42,50,95 Japan, 37,42,48,54,67 Khrushchev, N. S., 100, 106 Kuomintang (Nationalist party), 2, 3, 6, 68,89 Lenin, V. I., 18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 30, 37, 38,40,41,44,47,51,55,56,57,58,62, 65, 99, 108, 109 on Chinese revolution, 30,44,47 Communist party, 76 constitution, 73 democratic centralism, 71, 85 dialectical materialism, 9-14 nationalism, 91,92 party rectification, 84, 85 proletarian dictatorship, 70 state and government, 66, 67, 69, 70,71 "withering away" of the state, 74 Liberation War (Chinese), 68 Liu Shao-chi as Marxist, 14, 15,73, 107 biography of, 6-8 contributions to Marxism, , III on bourgeoisie, 28, 29, 35, 50, 60, 108 cadre, Chinese foreign policy, cognition, 19, 20 constitution, criticism and self-criticism, cyclic theory, 16 democratic centralism, 71, dialectical materialism, II, 12

6 INDEX 117 freedom of expression, 88 historical materialism, landed gentry, 26,33 national minorities, nationalism and internationalism, New Democracy, 35, 42-54, 97 non-communist parties, party rectification, peaceful coexistence, 100 peasantry, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 63, 65 people's democratic dictatorship, 70 proletarian dictatorship, 70 proletariat, 33, 35, 36, 48, 64, 65, 77 state and government, 67, 69, 75 suffrage, 72 united front, 54,64, 70 war of national liberation, theoretical differences from Maoism, Luxemburg, Rosa, 91 Mao Tse-tung, as Marxist, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 107 biography of, 1-6 contributions to Marxism, , III on bourgeoisie, 26, 28, 34,41,42,43, 49, 50, 54,59, 60, 68, 108 cadre, 83 Chinese foreign policy, Chinese socialism, 38, Chinese society, 22-25, 36 cognition and learning, Communist party, 65, comprado, 23,24,27,46,68 contradiction, 9-14, 36-39, 58 criticism and self-criticism, cyclic theory, democratic centralism, 71,81-82 dialectical materialism, 9-14 freedom of expression, 88 historical materialism, landed gentry, 25,41,68 national minorities, nationalism and internationalism, 94, 108 New Democracy, 42-54, 108 non-communist parties, "paper tiger", 99 party rectification, 85, 89 peaceful coexistence, peaceful transition, 103 peasantry, 30, 32, 35, 36, 63, 65, 68 people's democratic dictatorship, 68,69,70 petty bourgeoisie, 29, 50, 53, 68 proletarian dictatorship, 66, 70 proletariat, 32-33,47,48,68 republics, Russian path, 56 state and government, 66-67,68, 69, suffrage, theory of revolution, 44-45, 48, 49 united front, 52, 54, 64 war of national liberation, "withering away" of the state, 74 theoretical differences from Liuism, Marx, Karl, 9, 22, 26, 29, 30, 47, 51, 55, 58, 107, 108, 109, 110 interpretation of history, 40 on cognition, 16 Communist party, 76 historical materialism, nationalism, 91 path to communism, 105 peasantry, 30 state, 66 Nationalism Chinese Communist interpretation of, 92 and foreign policy, internal policy, New Democracy, sec New Democratic revolution New Democratic revolution, 35, 37, 42, 45,46,54,56,58,59,64,107,108 motive forces, nature and objectives, strategy and tactics, "Paper tiger", 99 Party cadre policy, non-communist, organization, 81-82,96-97 rectification, relation to masses, significance of, Party of the whole people, Path to communism, 65, Peaceful coexistence, Peaceful transition,

7 118 INDEX People's commune, 63 People's democratic dictatorship, 68, 69, 70,75,105 People's Republic of China, 5, 21, 33, 57, 67,72,73 Permanent revolution, 55, 56 Proletarian dictatorship, 66 Red Army, 46 Republic of China, 3; see also Kuomintang Revolutionary Wars, First, 21,28,41,49 Second,21,36,41,42,67 Third, 42 Russia, 55,65,92, Sino-Japanese War; see War ofresistance Stalin, J. V., 13, 18, 19, 20, 26, 30, 37, 40,41,44,45,46, 51, 56, 57, 62, 63, 64,65 on cadre, Chinese revolution, 30, 45-46, 51, 56,64 Communist party, 79 constitution, 73 democratic centralism, 71 national minorities, nationalism, 92 party rectification, state and government, 69 Sun Yat-sen, 2 Suslov, M. A., 100, 101, 103, 104 State of the whole people, Trotsky, L. D., 55, 56 United front, 52, 54, 63, 64, 70 War of National liberation, War of Resistance, 3, 4,7,21,27,29,37, 45,48,51,57,108 "Withering away" of the state, 74-75,105

8 MARTIN US NItHOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE Recently published YUNG PING CHEN Wisconsin State University PlattevIlle CHINESE POLITICAL THOUGHT Mao Tse- TunB and Liu Shao-chi 'Professor Chen's book is published at a moment when there is a real concern about the attitude of continental China: everyone wishes to know whether we can live in peace if Communist China persists in nourishing and helping subversive movements in foreign countries - in areas, moreover, considered sensitive and of great importance to the world. The author is exceptionally qualified for the kind of book he has written, skillfully discussing the philosophical basis of the Chinese revolution through their main ideologists, Mao Tse-tung and Liu Shao-chi. The book is not the work ofa politician; it is the work of an outstanding scholar. Professor Chen is a scholar, member of an outstanding family of scholars. Born and reared in China, he has been living in the United States for many years. (He is now teaching at Wisconsin State

9 MARTINUS NI]HOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE University, Platteville). All these favorable circumstances explain how well qualified he is to understand the Chinese mind and its way of thinking and approaching other people's problems, and so to interpret for the benefit of the English-speaking people the thought and the theories of the two most outstanding ideologists of the Communist movement in China. His command of the Chinese and Russian languages must have facilitated his search for sources of information and his consultation of documents not available in other languages, affording him better insight into the problem. We have to add to these special facts Professor Chen's unusual experience in frequent contact with several ambassadors and members of the diplomatic corps who have helped him to analyze and understand world problems. In this book Professor Chen discusses and compares the theoretical issues of the two main communist countries through the works of their chief ideologists, covering in a short chapter the essence of the current Sino-Soviet ideological conflict. At the same time the author examines the relationship between those theories and the teachings and principles of the dialectic materialism of Marx and Engels. Emphasis is placed on the development of communism in China and the contributions to Marxism of Liu Shao-chi, China's Chief of State, and Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, whose differences, Professor Chen affirms, are mainly "of degree rather than of kind, in tactics rather than strategy, and in terms of emphasis." To make the study complete, Professor Chen has traced the influence of Leninism and Stalinism on the two Chinese leaders and the efforts they have made to avoid "open disagreements in basic principles." The merit of the book is undeniable; it enables the reader to predict to a certain extent the course of action of Communist China and to ascertain the depth of the Sino Soviet ideological conflict.' Carlos Garcia-Bauer Ambassador of Guatemala to the United States of America Concurrently Ambassador of Guatemala to Canada and the Organization of American States XI and 118 pages. roy. 8vo. Guilders 16.50

10 MAR TINUS NI]HOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE THE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF MODERN CHINA by WILLIAM 1. TUNG XIII and 408 pages. Cloth. Guilders 36.- "... an excellent and comprehensive textbook on the subject... Professor Tung's detailed account of political institutions since the last decade of the Ch'ing dynasty omits nothing of interest and gives life to the otherwise bare and dusty bones of constitutional change. Those who want to refer for information on any topic, from the Constitutional Compact of 1914 to the current local government system in Taiwan, will not be disappointed. A useful appendix gives the text of all the major constitutional documents of this century." International Affairs "This reviewer knows of no other work in English that covers the constitutional development and government structure of Communist China together with those of the earlier republican and Nationalist periods. The book makes it possible for the reader to find in one volume all the important political developments in modern China. It is also useful to have in the appendix the text of Communist China's 1954 constitution side by side with those of all the earlier co,lstitutions. Apart from this advantage of being upto-date, the book has the added virtue of including descriptions of developments on the provincial and local levels." Journal of Asian Studies

11 MARTINUS NIjHOFF - PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE Theodore Denno THE COMMUNIST MILLENNIUM The Soviet view IX and 166 pages. Guilders w. F. van Eekelen INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND THE BORDER DISPUTE WITH CHINA XIV and 220 pages. With 4 maps. Guilders G. D. ElDbree THE SOVIET UNION BEtwEEN THE 19th AND 20th PARTY CONGRESSES XII and 365 pages. Guilders George Ginsburgs and Michael Mathos COMMUNIST CHINA AND TIBET The first dozen years IX and 218 pages. Guilders ODe pihier = abo S 0.28 = abo 2 ell = _v. Fr. 1.3a = ca. D.M.W. I.n Obtainable through any bookseller or direct from the publisjwr

THE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF MODERN CHINA

Recentl), published: THE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF MODERN CHINA by WILLIAM L. TUNG Prrifessur of Political Science Queens Col/ese, City University rif New York MAR TIN USN IJ H () F F - PUB LI SHE R -