5.1 How and why did the Australian government respond to the threat of communism after World War II?

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Vincent Butler
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1 5.1 How and why did the Australian government respond to the threat of communism after World War II? 1 Write a definition of: a communism b capitalism 193 c cold war 2 Who was Lenin? 3 What symbols are used to represent communism? 1 Look at source 5.4. What symbols can you identify? 2 What was the purpose of source 5.4? Explain in your own words the message of this cartoon. Perspectives and interpretations What is the point of view expressed in source 5.4?

2 1 Is the Republic of Korea known as North or South Korea? 2 What led to the Korean War? What does BCOF stand for? 4 Who were the first Australians to be involved in the Korean War? 5 Who commanded the United Nations forces in Korea? 6 How was the Korean War portrayed to Australians? 1 How does source 5.7 help us to understand the Australian attitude to fighting in Korea? 2 What care should we take when using source 5.8 as evidence about the Korean War? 3 What was the purpose of source 5.8? Perspectives and interpretations 1 Whose perspective is presented in source 5.8?

3 2 How does the author of source 5.8 try to persuade the reader that communism is bad and must be stopped? Empathetic understanding Explain the attitude of many Australians towards communism in the 1950s. 1 What does ANZUS stand for, and when was the treaty signed? Why was ANZUS created? 3 What does SEATO stand for, and who were its members? 4 Who was John Dulles? 5 What was the purpose of SEATO? 1 How does source 5.10 help us to understand the purpose of ANZUS at the time?

4 2 Explain what is meant by In the past it has been one of the traditions of Australian government that commitments are not accepted in advance, that such matters are for determination by the government and parliament if and when war occurs. 3 What was Menzies purpose in source 5.12? 4 Look at source What does the snake represent? 5 What events does source 5.13 refer to? 6 What was the purpose of source 5.13? Empathetic understanding How would Australians at the time have reacted to source 5.13? 1 Outline the history of the Communist Party of Australia from 1920 to What was the membership of the CPA in the 1930s? 3 How did Menzies try to create fear about communists?

5 4 What did Menzies propose in his legislation to ban communists in Australia? 5 On what date did Menzies present the Communist Party Dissolution Bill to the House of Representatives? 1 What do you think Menzies meant by The importance of the Australian Communist is, therefore, not numerical but positional (source 5.14)? 2 How does source 5.14 help us to understand attitudes to communism in Australia in the 1950s? Perspectives and interpretations What do we learn about Cold War attitudes from source 5.14? 1 Why was Menzies Bill to ban the Communist Party passed in the lower house in 1950? Why didn t the Bill become law? 3 What section of the Labor Party opposed communism? 4 What happened in March 1951?

6 5 When was the referendum on communism held? 6 Describe the results of the referendum. 1 Look at source Why did Chifley oppose the Communist Party Dissolution Bill? 2 Look at source Rewrite the referendum question in simpler language, but keep the same meaning. 3 Source 5.17 mentions security, defence and communism together. Which of the following does this suggest? Communism would bring security to Australia. Australia was threatened by communism. Explain your choice. Empathetic understanding Although many Australians feared communism at the time, they were not persuaded to give Menzies the power to ban communist activities in Australia. Why do you think this was so?

7 206 1 Place these events in correct chronological order: Mr Petrov is granted political asylum. Mrs Petrov is forced onto a flight by Russian agents. Royal Commission report is discussed in federal parliament. Royal Commission commences. 2 Using the information in The Petrov Affair: the events, outline the events from early 1954 to 14 October How did the Petrov Affair help Menzies to stay in government? 4 In your own words, define defector and political asylum. 5 What led to the formation of the DLP?

8 6 Why would Evatt have believed that Menzies arranged the Petrov Affair? 7 Why did the ALP split and the DLP form? 1 Study source What does it show? How would Menzies have used this scene for his own political advantage? 2 Read source What effect would the words dragged, weeping and dazed and pushed her up have on readers of this newspaper report? 3 The image of communist Russia in the 1950s was a country where there was no democracy, people lived in fear and lives were controlled by the secret police. Does the report in source 5.20 support or contradict this image? Explain your answer.

9 5.2 Why did Australians become involved in the Vietnam War? 1 What countries make up Indochina? 2 Who was Ho Chi Minh? When was the Battle of Dien Ben Phu and what was the result? 4 Who were the Viet Cong? 5 What happened between July and August 1964? 6 What was the domino theory? 7 Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? 1 How does source 5.29 help to explain the domino theory? 2 How does source 5.30 help to explain why Australia became involved in the Vietnam War?

10 Perspectives and interpretations 1 How was Menzies perspective of events in Vietnam similar to that of the American government at the time? 2 In what ways is Evan Whitton s interpretation of Australia s involvement in Vietnam (source 5.31) different from Menzies view? Empathetic understanding Why would many Australians at the time have supported Menzies attitude to involvement in the Vietnam War?

11 5.3 How did various groups respond to Australia s involvement in the Vietnam War? 1 Who replaced Menzies as prime minister in 1966? 2 Who was LBJ? What do you think was meant by All the way with LBJ? 4 How were national servicemen conscripted? 5 Which groups supported Australia s involvement in Vietnam? 6 Which groups opposed the use of conscripted soldiers in Vietnam? 1 What reasons are given in source 5.32 for Australian involvement in Vietnam? 2 Look at source 5.34 and answer these questions: a Which figure represents LBJ? b Who is in the pouch? c What symbols are used to represent Australia and America? d What is the cartoon s message? 3 Look at source 5.35 and answer these questions: a What was this source originally?

12 b What was happening at the time this source was created? c How does this source try to persuade the audience? 4 Look at source 5.36 and answer these questions: a What was Save Our Sons? b Why did people join Save Our Sons? c What sort of activities did Save Our Sons engage in? d What was the response of the authorities to the Save Our Sons campaigners? 5 Study source How are people in this source responding to Australia s involvement in the Vietnam War? 6 Read source a What group published this flyer? b What is the source asking people to do? 7 Read source a How were people selected for national service?

b When was Wayne called up? c What was Wayne s response to being called up? 8 Read source 5.40. a What is the bitter part of being drafted to serve in Vietnam that the soldier is referring to?

13 b When was Wayne called up? c What was Wayne s response to being called up? 8 Read source a What is the bitter part of being drafted to serve in Vietnam that the soldier is referring to? b What is the sweet part? Perspectives and interpretations 1 What perspectives are presented in sources 5.36, 5.38, 5.39 and 5.40? 2 How was Jean McLean s perspective (source 5.36) of conscription different from that of the Liberal government of the time? Empathetic understanding How do sources 5.39 and 5.40 help you to understand the feelings of conscripted men at the time?

14 1 When did conscription for national service begin? 2 What could happen to a person who refused to register for national service? Explain how conscription worked. 4 What was a conscientious objector? 5 What occurred on 8 May 1970? 1 What is shown in source 5.42? 2 How could source 5.43 be useful to historians investigating Australian attitudes to involvement in the Vietnam War? 3 Explain the message in source 5.44.

15 5.4 What was the impact of the war on Australia and neighbouring countries? 1 Describe the treatment of Vietnam veterans when they returned to Australia Why was the Vietnam Veterans Association of Australia formed? 3 What occurred on 3 October 1987? 4 What was Agent Orange? 1 What is source 5.46? 2 How does source 5.47 help your understanding of issues related to Vietnam veterans? Perspectives and interpretations Whose perspectives are presented in sources 5.48 and 5.49?

Empathetic understanding Explain the attitude of the Vietnam veterans expressed in sources 5.48 and 5.49. 1 What led to people fleeing Vietnam and Cambodia?

16 Empathetic understanding Explain the attitude of the Vietnam veterans expressed in sources 5.48 and What led to people fleeing Vietnam and Cambodia? How many Indochinese refugees landed in Thailand between 1975 and 1987? 3 When did the first boat people arrive in Darwin? 4 What did the Geneva Conference on Indochinese Refugees decide in 1989? 1 What is shown in source 5.52? 2 How does source 5.53 assist our understanding of Indochinese refugees? 3 How useful is source 5.54 when investigating Indochinese refugees coming to Australia?

17 4 What was the purpose of source 5.55? Perspectives and interpretations How does the perspective in source 5.55 differ from that held by people who believe Australia should not accept refugees? 1 What led to a youth revolution in the 1960s? Describe changes to fashions in the 1960s. How do sources help an investigation of life in the 1960s in Australia?

18 1 In your own words, define yellow peril When and why did the first large numbers of Chinese people come to Australia? 3 What was the Colombo Plan? 4 When did Indonesia become independent from the Dutch? 5 What does ASEAN stand for? 6 What does APEC stand for? 1 Look at source a When was it created and what was happening about this time? b What is the message and purpose of this cartoon? 2 Explain the message in source Look at source The figure in sunglasses represented the Indonesian president of the time, Sukarno. What do you think is the message of this cartoon?

19 Perspectives and interpretations 1 Read sources 5.64 and What perspective is presented in each? 2 Source 5.64 was written nearly 30 years after source Does source 5.64 indicate there had been any change during that time?

SAMPLE COURSE OUTLINE

SAMPLE COURSE OUTLINE MODERN HISTORY ATAR YEAR 12 Unit 4 Elective 2: Australia s engagement with Asia Copyright School Curriculum and Standards Authority, 2015 This document apart from any third party